Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“EXPORT POTENTIAL OF MILK PRODUCTS
FROM INDIA”
UNDERTAKEN AT
SUBMITTED BY
ABHAI PRASAD
(MIBA, 3RD SEMESTER)
1. Acknowledgement 3
2. Preface 4
3. Objective of Study 5
4. Research Methodology 6
11. Bibliography 47
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am deeply indebted to Mr. R.C.Sahni, Deputy Marketing Manager, my guide for this
project, who’s vast reservoir of knowledge was of immense help for the successful
completion of this project. I am also thankful to him for associating me in many practical
cases, which gave me an important insight into the difficulties faced and their solutions
thereon, while dealing in international market.
I would also like to express my gratitude towards Dr. Deepak Burman, Head and Dean,
and Dr. H.C.Chowdhary, for their valuable and kind support.
Though every effort has been made to minimize the faults and errors but in case of any
discrepancies or fault, the sole responsibility is mine.
Abhai Prasad
(MIBA, 3rd Sem.)
3
PREFACE
I have undergone 8 weeks of training at State Trading Corporation of India Ltd., New
Delhi. During the training I have worked on the project “Export Potential of Skimmed
Milk Powder and Other Milk Products from India”. Being a student of management, the
training contributed a lot in gaining knowledge about the actual business environment.
4
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Primary Data:
Primary Data was collected from the employees of the Manufactured Foods Division of
STC.
Secondary Data:
Secondary Data was collected from libraries of STC, APEDA etc. Beside these some
relevant journals were consulted. Data were also collected from websites of
organisation related to milk industry.
6
ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE
The eventful track record of more than 52 years has helped STC to gear itself to
face the fierce competitive challenges, seize business initiatives and build on its core
competencies.
7
In last couple of years STC has undergone dramatic changes under the dynamic
leadership of Dr. Arvind Pandalai. Its has undergone make-over from being a bulk
trading agency in commodities to a one-stop shop that offers specialised trade
facilitation, by drawing from experience and contacts built over five decades. With so
much competition and the market opening up, the trading scenario is going to change.
Unless STC prepare itself through value-addition in trading operations, nobody is going
to come to it.
STC has devised several plans to position itself through backward and forward
integration and industrial participation programme with best international companies so
that not only its requirements are met but the country too gets the best technology at
affordable cost.
2) Mission of STC
3) Corporate Objectives
• To develop core competencies in select areas of export and exploit the market
opportunities in these areas to the best advantage of the corporation.
• To undertake continuous horizontal and vertical diversification thereby enabling
sustained growth of business.
• To make the best use of the financial strength of the corporation in expanding
its business.
8
• To lay emphasis on quality of services to customers so as to develop long term
business relationship with buyers and suppliers in and outside the country.
• To undertake market intervention operation as and when advised by the
Government of India.
• To create new infrastructure and ensure optimum utilization of the infrastructure
available with the Corporation.
• To strive to pay adequate returns to the stakeholders.
• To fulfill the Corporation’s social responsibility by following ethical business
practices and reinforcing commitment to customers, employees, partners, and
the community.
• To undertake training/re-training of existing manpower on a continuous basis
and induct professionally qualified young talent to create a cadre of highly
professional and motivated managers.
• To ensure an efficient and streamlined system of operations at minimum
transaction cost.
• To act as a facilitator to small and medium exporters and importers.
4) Recognition Earned
• No.1 rank consecutively for the second year as per Super 100 companies
study by Business India.
• 3rd rank among trading companies of the country according to ‘India’s Top 500
Companies’ Survey by Dun & Bradstreet.
• 17th rank among 207 PSUs by the Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of
Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Govt. of India.
• Merit Certificate for Excellent performance in terms of MOU: 2005-06.
9
5) Performance Highlights (2006-07)
• All time high turnover – Rs.14335 crore, contributed by best ever performances
of exports, imports and domestic trade.
• Consistently increasing net profit – Rs.88 crore, up 126% over 2005-06.
• EPS: Rs.29.43 – up 127% from Rs.12.98 in the previous year.
• Successfully undertook 55 lakh MT of wheat on behalf of the Government of
India.
• Signed contract with NTPC for supply of 5 million MT of non-coking steam coal
valuing Rs.2200 crore.
• Successfully extended overseas steel operations to Bulgaria.
• Diversified into exports of gold jewellery – Rs.199 crore.
• Effected all time high exports of chemicals & pharmaceuticals – over Rs.600
crore.
• Undertook high bullion imports – Rs.2985 crore.
• Signed MOUs with BEML and MSTC for mutual co-operation in augmenting
trade.
• ‘Excellent’ rating in terms of MOU: 2006-07 for the fourth year in succession.
6) Looking Ahead
The phenomenal rate of growth achieved in the recent past makes STC look
ahead with hope and confidence.
It expects to reap dividends in the near future from the recently undertaken
initiatives such as acquiring plot of land at Paradip port for iron ore operations,
procurement of tea leaves directly from small growers for processing and marketing,
supply of branded tea to public distribution system through Gujarat State Civil Supplies
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Corporation, online trading through commodity exchanges, setting up of chillies and
pepper processing plants in Karnataka (through subsidiary company STCL), etc.
Other new initiatives in the pipeline include expanding steel operations to Nigeria,
diversification into bio-fuels, long-term arrangement with a leading international supplier
for import, refining and marketing of edible oils under STC’s brand, setting up chillies
sterilization plant and food testing laboratory in Chhindwara.
STC is committed to profitably exploit the various opportunities coming up
globally.
11
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
DR. ARVIND PANDALAI
Chairman & Managing Director
DGM GM
(Prakash Chand) CGM-I/C
(G.C.Khuttan)
- Edible Oils (Amit Raha )
- Manufactured GM (B. K. Tuli)
- Vanaspati - General
Products - Insurance
- Electronic Administration
- Coarse Grains - Branch
Equipments - Building Cell
- Middle East Desk Operations
- Housing Colony
- Cement
- Asset Utilisation
- Almonds
- Protocol
- Rice Bran
CGM-I/C
DGM (Babu Lal) (Ashok Kalra)
- Africa Desk
- Iron Ore GM (SNRajaguru)
- Metal Scrap (NLC) - Legal
DGM DGM-F
(Om Prakash) (A .K. Gupta)
- Mustard - Board Sectt. &
Extractions Parliament
CM-F
DGM
(Vinod Sharma)
(S. C. Moton)
- Internal Audit
- Counter Trade
12
SERVICES PROVIDED BY STC
While undertaking import and export operations, the Corporation renders following services:
STC acts as an expert guide for buyers interested in Indian goods. For them, STC
finds the best Indian manufacturers, undertakes negotiations, fixes delivery schedules,
and oversees quality control - all the way to the final shipment to the entire satisfaction
of the buyer.
The Indian manufacturers, whose products sail the seas via STC, benefit a lot from its
expertise. STC helps thousands of Indian manufacturers to find markets abroad for their
products. STC assists the manufacturers to use the best raw materials,guides and helps
them manufacture products that will attract buyers abroad. Some of the other services
offered by STC to the Indian manufacturers include :
13
To the Indian Consumer:
The Indian consumers also benefit from STC's expertise and infrastructure. STC
imports essential commodities for them to cover shortfalls arising in the domestic
market. During the last one decade, STC imported sugar, wheat and pulses to meet
domestic requirements at a very short notice.
14
STC exports a diverse range of items to a number of destinations throughout the
world. Exports by STC vary from traditional agricultural commodities to sophisticated
manufactured products.
In the year 2006-07 exports recorded the best ever performance of over Rs.2900
crore showing a strong growth of 167%. Exports achieved are over thrice the MOU
target. In fact, for the second year in succession, growth in exports has outstripped the
import growth. The growth achieved is far higher than the national growth of about 24%
in exports.
15
Agricultural Commodities Manufactured Commodities
-Tea -Leatherware
-Opium
-Spices
16
STC imports a number of essential commodities to cover the domestic shortfalls
and hold the price line. STC serves the national objective by arranging timely imports at
most competitive prices. In the process, the Corporation makes best use of its strength
in handling bulk imports, vast infrastructure and above all an experience of over four
decades in fulfilling the needs of the industry.
Imports for the year 2006-07 also grew by 95% to reach an all time high level of
Rs.10700 crore due to wheat imports and significant growth in a number of other items.
Major items contributing to the better import performance are: Wheat; Bullion; Hydro-
carbons; Minerals & Metals; Edible Oils/Vanaspati.
-Wheat -Minerals/Metals
-Pulses -Fertilisers
-FMCG Goods
-IT Products
17
Balance Sheets of STC
18
(Rs. Lacs)
19
Annual Turnover: 2007-08* Rs. 15345 Crore (US$ 3825 million)
Net Profit: 2007-08* Rs. 107 Crore (US$ 27 million)
Equity Rs. 60 Crore (US$ 15 million)
Net Worth (as on 31.3.2008)* Rs. 541 Crore (US$ 135 million)
*: Provisional
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Project
21
To know about the export potential of any product it is necessary:
1) To find which products can be exported.
2) To identify those countries where product can be exported.
Product Definition
• Skimmed Milk Powder- Nonfat Dry Milk is the product resulting from the
removal of fat and water from milk and contains lactose, protein and minerals in
the same relative proportions as in the fresh milk from which it was made. It
contains not more than 5.0% moisture (by weight). The fat content is not more
than 1.5% (by weight) unless otherwise indicated.
• Whole Milk Powder- Dry Whole Milk is the product resulting from the removal of
water from milk and contains not less than 26%, nor more than 40% milk fat and
not more than 5.0% moisture (as determined by weight of moisture on a milk
solids-nonfat basis).
• Infant Milk Powder- This is the type of milk powder from which a major portion
of fat is removed and Vitamins and Minerals are added.
22
Objective of Production
3.5-4.5 (instant)
Milk used in the production of milk powders is first clarified, standardized and then given
a heat treatment. This heat treatment is usually more severe than that required for
pasteurization. Besides destroying all the pathogenic and most of the spoilage
microorganisms, it also inactivates the enzyme lipase which could cause lipolysis during
storage.
The milk is then evaporated prior to drying for the following reasons:
• less occluded air and longer shelf life for the powder
• viscosity increase leads to larger powder particles
• less energy required to remove part of water by evaporation; more economical
Homogenization may be applied to decrease the free fat content. Spray drying is the
most used method for producing milk powders. After drying, the powder must be
23
packaged in containers able to provide protection from moisture, air, light, etc.
Whole milk powder can then be stored for long periods (up to about 6 months) of
time at ambient temperatures.
Skim milk powder (SMP) processing is similar to that described above except for the
following points:
Low-heat SMP is given a pasteurization heat treatment and is used in the production
of cheese, baby foods etc. High-heat SMP requires a more intense heat treatment in
addition to pasteurization. This product is used in the bakery industry, chocolate
industry, and other foods where a high degree of protein denaturation is required.
Instant milk powder is produced by partially rehydrating the dried milk powder particles
causing them to become sticky and agglomerate. The water is then removed by drying
resulting in an increased amount of air incorporated between the powder particles.
24
Product Definition
Cheese, which has been described as "milk's leap toward immortality," can be more
dispassionately defined as a product of milk fermentation. Cheese is made by
coagulating milk. This is accomplished by first acidification with a bacterial culture and
then employing an enzyme, rennet (or rennet substitutes) to coagulate the milk to "curds
and whey." The precise bacteria and processing of the curds play a role in defining the
texture and flavor of most cheeses.
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Product Definition
Whey or milk plasma is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained; it
is a by-product of the manufacture of cheese or and has several commercial uses.
Whey is used to produce and brown cheeses and many other products for human
consumption. It is also an additive in many processed foods, including breads, crackers
and commercial pastry, and in animal feed. Whey protein (derived from whey) is often
sold as a nutritional supplement. Such supplements are especially popular in the sport
of bodybuilding.
Calories 30 kcal/100gm
Fat 0.3-0.5%
Carbohydrate 4.5-5.5%
Protein 0.75-0.85%
Product Definition
26
Ghee is a class of clarified butter that originated in the Indian subcontinent and is
important in South Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine and Egyptian cuisines and in
Ethiopian/Eritrean cuisines.
Preparation
Ghee is made by simmering unsalted butter in a large pot until all water has boiled off
and protein has settled to the bottom. The cooked and clarified butter is then spooned
off to avoid disturbing the milk solids on the bottom of the pan. Unlike butter, ghee can
be stored for extended periods without refrigeration, provided it is kept in an airtight
container to prevent oxidation and remains moisture-free.
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Dairy Products (Top 10)
28
Thailand 261000 18117456 1074470 120949649 1696600 156758686
Yemen Arab 241500 20501547 3866400 365601437 1356119 136817728
Republic
Pakistan 603206 46026077 2000938 178515277 1243500 117929033
Philippines 427000 35114813 232000 21327724 771150 110088615
Syrian Arab 205000 16419082 832000 72333528 741900 103659083
Republic
Morocco 578000 49856023 1240051 119422274 1077800 993659083
Total (All 26562906 205353519 4042612 355794577 26045199 2686634569
Countries) 5 0
Whey
(Ranked according to 2006-07 data)
Country 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Quantity value Quantity Value Quantity Value
China 727150 3638044 1370000 89650787 757000 62635095
9
Myanmar 0 0 0 0 50000 5547216
Korea 368000 1472085 0 0 50000 3969280
Republic 0
U.S.A 0 0 75000 3073800 31000 2043920
Nepal 0 0 0 0 600 12375
Syrian Arab 0 0 48000 2981720 0 0
Republic
Singapore 25000 1226565 10000 297860 0 0
29
Japan 0 0 256000 19356840 0 0
Total (All 1268350 5904520 1775100 116355252 888600 74207886
Countries) 3
30
Sri Lanka 3980 785752 43895 7452790 98934 14980846
Singapore 33645 3244841 67980 7133021 101338 12252074
Morocco 0 0 200500 24343306 80000 9402757
Nepal 24025 2558885 85914 6926892 43225 5654011
Total (All 290375 31668153 1027454 103232359 864042 103365630
Countries)
31
Dairy Products Export Growth over the Years
• Although, India is the largest producer of milk in the world, it is a very minor
player in the world dairy trade, accounting for a miniscule 0.1 % of the world dairy
exports, worth more than $31 billion.
• Dairy products form only 0.4% of total agricultural exports from India. The reason
being, that India was a importer of milk products since 1970s, but with the onset
of ‘Operation Flood’ scenario changed and by early1990s milk products formed a
part of India’s export basket. So, export of milk products from India is still in
infancy.
• During the last decade there has been high volatility in dairy exports from India,
with growth in some years being more than 100% while in some years it has
been negative. This can been from the table given below:
(1993-94 to 2006-07)
Year Value of Exports Percentage change
(US $ mn.)
1991-92 4.60 -
1992-93 1.94 -57.83
1993-94 3.67 89.18
1994-95 12.25 233.79
1995-96 7.88 -35.67
1996-97 3.45 -56.22
1997-98 3.9 13.04
1998-99 4.13 5.90
1999-2000 11.28 173.12
2000-01 22.35 98.14
2001-02 39.96 78.79
2002-03 26.35 -34.06
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2003-04 20.39 -22.62
2004-05 79.89 291.80
2005-06 124.72 56.11
2006-07 87.37 -29.94
• Even though export of milk product has been volatile, but in the long run it has
increased tremendously, especially in the new millennium. But there is need for
more consistency.
33
• The trend in direction of exports over the years indicates that Asia is the major
destination of dairy products from India. As can been seen in the Table 1, all the
top importers from India are from Asia, except Egypt and Algeria.
• Although India exported dairy products to more than 100 countries over the
period, but the average export to Asian forms 80% of the total dairy products
exports. This has been shown below:
[Table 8]
Year %Share
Quantity Value
1991 89.62 93.13
1992 99.29 99.13
1993 98.95 98.46
1994 83.67 82.47
1995 68.87 75.88
1996 71.79 73.67
1997 58.45 54.39
1998 68.34 73.39
1999 73.07 79.12
2000 76.46 81.16
2001 75.94 77.60
2002 81.86 82.26
2003 83.77 84.23
2004 84.77 87.81
Overall Average 79.63 81.62
• Among the Asian markets, Bangladesh and U.A.E. are the top most destinations
for our dairy products. In fact, for the period 1994 to 2006, Bangladesh has been
the largest importer of milk products from India.
• A table showing ‘Top Ten Countries according to their share in India’s Dairy
Export’, over different time period has been prepared below:
[Table 9]
Ranks Sub-Periods (% share)
34
1994-96 1997-2000 2001-04 2005-07
1 Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh
(39.3) (38) (39.3) (20.1)
2 UAE (25) UAE (29.2) UAE (21.2) UAE (10.2)
3 Philippines Nepal (10.7) Nepal (6.4) Egypt (9)
(12.9)
4 Sri Lanka (8.4) Philippines Oman (4.5) Algeria (7.8)
(6.9)
5 Nepal (3.2) Sri Lanka (3.7) Yemen (3.8) Yemen (4.8)
6 Bahrain (1.9) Hong Kong Singapore Nepal (4.16)
(3.1) (2.6)
7 Kuwait (1.8) Bhutan (1.5) Sri Lanka (2.3) China (4.07)
8 Singapore Singapore Saudi Arabia Pakistan (3.58)
(1.7) (1.4) (2.2)
9 Yemen (1.5) Oman (1.3) Kuwait (2.1) Saudi Arabia
(2.7)
10 Oman (1.3) Bahrain (1) S. Korea (1.7) Thailand (2.4)
Total Share of 97.1 94.8 86.1 68.81
Top Ten
Countries
• If we look at India’s dairy export composition, one can easily find that Skimmed
Milk Powder and Ghee has dominated the dairy export, with Skimmed Milk
Powder alone contributing 60-70% over the year, Ghee contributes around 10%.
• While the above two products are dominating India’s export, share of Cheese
and Whey have increased over the period. Whole Milk Powder is also slowly
picking but its share is still quite low.
35
Export Forecasts for 2010 [Table 10]
36
Bangladesh 2749.72 1981.66 -3.10 2479.56 -1.09
Sri Lanka 230.30 154.78 -3.64 118.98 -5.37
TOTAL 4380.76 4831.22 1.14 5664.11 3.26
Ghee and Fat Based Products
Saudi Arabia 100 344.87 27.21 584.88 53.88
Nepal 36.61 61.19 7.46 62.46 7.84
Singapore 82.98 86.51 0.47 88.72 0.77
Philippines 42.50 19.65 -5.97 19.75 -5.94
Hong Kong 32.15 18.84 -4.6 21.34 -3.74
Oman 65.61 36.35 -4.95 37.36 -4.78
TOTAL 359.86 567.43 6.41 814.4 14.04
Cheese
Singapore 13.76 44.42 24.77 53.87 32.40
Oman 10 25.80 17.56 27.80 19.78
Nepal 5.72 7.91 4.28 8.22 4.86
TOTAL 29.47 78.14 18.35 89.90 22.78
• This forecast has been done on the basis of existing situation as well as
expected development over the next few years.
37
• It is expected that export of milk powder and cream products from India to
Philippines, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh will decline. As far as Philippines and
Bangladesh is concerned there has been decrease in domestic demand for this
product. However, in Sri Lanka despite a compound growth of nearly 5 per cent
per annum in import demand, Indian exports will decline due to large supplies of
the product from Australia and New Zealand. Even a 5 per cent decrease in price
will not improve the situation.
• India’s export for butter, ghee and other fat based products is likely to go up in
Saudi Arabia and Nepal. For other countries, the export volume is likely to suffer
a decline due to their changing food habits. These markets are shifting towards
Whey and Cheese.
• One can easily notice that there is going to increase in export of cheese from
India and as said earlier it is due to shift in food habits of people.
38
Analysis and Findings
• As almost 70-80% of India’s export of dairy products goes to countries from Asia
itself, it is necessary to understand about nature of different countries. So, Asian
destinations can be classified into 5 categories on the basis of how consistent is
India’s export to those countries. These categories are:
1) Incessant: Those countries to which India has regularly exported.
2) Erratic: It includes those countries with whom India has highly volatile nature
of exports.
3) New: Those countries to which India has started exporting recently.
4) Unclassified: Those countries who have exported from India only once in
last 5 years.
5) Dropped: These are those countries with whom India do not traded for last
decade or so.
These categories have been shown in the table below:
39
Nepal Japan North Korea Kazakhstan Uzbekistan
Sri Lanka Qatar Myanmar Macau
Oman Indonesia Cambodia
Bahrain Maldives
Bhutan Vietnam
Singapore
Kuwait
Pakistan
• Almost all the exports of dairy products from India is limited to Asia and Africa.
The reason for this can be attributed to two things:
1) Indian dairy products are not price competitive, i.e; Indian products are
priced higher than the products from European Union and America. The reason
being, high subsidy provided to dairy farmers by the government making milk
products cheap.
2) High standards set by these countries makes it difficult to make inroads in
there.
• Even within the Asia and Africa, India’s share in dairy export is quite low. For
example, in case of Skimmed of Milk Powder, which forms almost 70% of India’s
export, only Nepal and Bangladesh are two countries where India has market
share of more than 1%. The main reason again being price competitiveness. This
has been clearly shown in the table below:
40
• In case of cheese also, where India is fast making progress in terms of exports,
the reason mainly being increase in per capita income of people in most
countries. The only problem for India is that it is out competed in price by rival
countries in nearly all the countries except Nepal.
• As far as Ghee is concerned, India gets a preference as she does not have much
competition and there is also demand for this product, especially in Middle East
Asian countries. This is the reason for India having nearly 10% share in Oman
and Bahrain in the category of fat based milk products.
• Whey, which was since few years back was not part of India’s export has shown
good growth over the last couple of years, and it is expected to increase further
with increase in use of whey for commercial purpose.
• India is facing tough competition in the Asian market to maintain its market share.
Its export to Bangladesh has reduced considerably over the last three years as
shown in Table 1, and it has affected India’s export badly as Bangladesh was
India’s dairy product biggest Importer. Its export to Algeria and Nepal has also
suffered. Other than this India’s milk product export overall has also been volatile
over the years.
• There are many countries which have potential to become importer of milk
products. The most important region emerging is Middle East, who is already a
big consumer of milk products, and with a large population under the age of 20
years this consumption is going to increase further. China is fast emerging as big
market, with continuous increase in consumption of milk products, and it is
expected that China will need to import more due to inadequate local supply.
41
• Due to changing food habits of people there will also be shift in the demand for
different dairy products. It is expected that in times to come there will be more
demand for product having unsaturated fatty acid, more protein etc. Cheese and
Whey will be in the commanding position, thereby replacing fat based products in
South and East Asian markets.
• Positive for India in dairy exports is in the case of whole milk powder which has
seen healthy growth over the last few years and this is expected to continue with
increase in the consumption in the Middle East Asian countries.
• In recent years, India has found some new markets in South and East Asia and
in the Gulf regions. China, South & North Korea, Lebanon, Myanmar, Israel are
some of the emerging markets.
• Another big problem facing Indian Dairy export is that, only 15-20 per cent of the
milk produced in the country flows through the organized sector, and so
production of value added dairy products is low and this poses a supply
constraint on Indian Dairy exports.
• Besides supply constraint, quality is also a hindrance. Indian products are price
competitive in some of the markets but are not preferred due to the poor quality.
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Recommendations
• More milk should be procured by the organized companies, as these are the
companies who are involved in export and until they do not procure more milk
it will pose supply constraint for the dairy exporters.
• Other than existing market Indian exporters should keep looking for new
markets for exporting. There is always a higher chance of succeeding in a
new market as competition will be equal or if taken initiative exporters can
have advantage being the first. Today’s small market can be big money
earner tomorrow.
• Indian exporters should diversify the product range offered by them to capture
new markets, as well as, to cater to the changing taste of the existing
markets.
• Latest technology should be used for the purpose of production. This will help
in reducing the cost of goods, thereby making Indian Dairy Products cheaper
and more competitive as far as price is concerned. This will also help in
improving the quality of goods produced.
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• Indian exporters should pay special attention to new markets, mainly China
and Saudi Arabia and some other Gulf region countries. China is a big market
and with expectation of demand outstripping supply by big margin in near
future exporters should prepare themselves for this market. Similarly,
exporters should understand the need of Saudi Arabia and prepare for it.
• The demand for Whey is increasing quickly as it has different uses, including
commercial uses. Indian exporters should pay special attention to this
product.
• Another area where Indian exporters can target there product is the Indian
Diaspora of around 20 million living abroad, half of them in the West. This will
help exporters gain inroads there. Besides, there is potential to popularize
these products among local consumers abroad.
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• There is adulteration in case of milk powder, as milk from different cattle, like
buffalo, cow and goat are used together to produce milk. This is should be
done away with.
Bibliography
• www.stc.gov.in
• Apeda
• Dairy Year Book
• Modern Food Processing Magazine
• www.aifpa.net
• Ministry of Commerce
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