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Mathematical Concepts
Lecturer : Miss Christina Vargis • The nature of physics
The principles of physics are used in many Physics experiments involve the measurement of a
practical applications, including construction. variety of quantities.
Communication between architects and engineers
is essential if disaster is to be avoided. These measurements should be accurate and
reproducible.
1
Units Units
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 mi = 1.609 km
1 hp = 746 W
1 liter = 10-3 m3
2
The Role of Units in Problem Solving
Units
Example 2 Interstate Speed Limit
Dimensions of a quantity are the base units that
Express the speed limit of 65 miles/hour in terms of meters/second.
make it up; they are generally written using square
Use 5280 feet = 1 mile and 3600 seconds = 1 hour and brackets.
3.281 feet = 1 meter.
[L] = length [M] = mass [T] = time
Wrong!
Trigonometry Trigonometry
ho
sin θ =
h
ha
cos θ =
h
ho
tan θ =
ha
3
Trigonometry Trigonometry
Example 3:
Example 3:
ho
tan θ =
Determine the height of ha
the building.
ho
ho = ? tan 50o =
67.2m
Trigonometry Trigonometry
h
−1
θ = sin o
h
ha
θ = cos −1
h
Example 4:
Trigonometry Trigonometry
Example 4:
Pythagorean theorem: h 2 = ho2 + ha2
ha 14.0 m
(b) What would the depth d of the lake at a
distance of 22.0m from the shore?
d = ho = ha tan θ = ( 22.0m) tan 9.13o = 3.54m
4
Scalars and Vectors Scalars and Vectors
A scalar quantity is one that can be described
by a single number:
Arrows are used to represent vectors. The Often it is necessary to add one vector to another.
direction of the arrow gives the direction of the
vector.
By convention, the length of a vector arrow is
proportional to the magnitude of the vector.
r r r
R = A+ B
8 lb
4 lb , resultant vector
A= 5 m B=3m
R=5+3=8m
5
Vector Addition and Subtraction Vector Addition and Subtraction
R 2 = (2.00 m ) + (6.00 m )
2 2
R
2.00 m 2.00 m
6.00 m 6.00 m
6.32 m
2.00 m
θ
6.00 m
r r r
A+B B
r
A r r
A −B
r r r r
A−B x and y are called the x vector component
r
and the y vector component of r.
6
The Components of a Vector The Components of a Vector
r r
The vector components of A are two perpendicular A = Ax xˆ + Ay yˆ
r r
vectors A x and A y that are parallel to the x and y axes,
r r r
and add together vectorially so that A = A x + A y .
Example
sin θ = y r
y = r sin θ = (175 m )(sin 50.0o ) = 134 m
cos θ = x r
x = r cos θ = (175 m )(cos 50.0o ) = 112 m
r r r
C= A+B
r r r
r = (112 m )xˆ + (134 m )yˆ A = Ax xˆ + Ay yˆ B = Bx xˆ + B y yˆ
r • Units
C = Ax xˆ + Ay yˆ + Bx xˆ + B y yˆ
• Trigonometry
= ( Ax + Bx )xˆ + ( Ay + B y )yˆ
• Scalars and Vectors
C x = Ax + Bx C y = Ay + B y