Contemporary Maori and Polynesian Art

1997
114.205

Lecturer: Rangihiroa Panoho

Department of Art History
University of Auckland
r.panoho@auckland.ac.nz

Kia ora koutou, talofa lava, kia orana, malo e lelei, ni sa bula,
fakaalofa lahi atu.

He huruhuru te manu karere, he ao te ra uhia.

When the bird has feathers it flies away, when clouds come the sky is
covered.

Change is a very important component in Polynesian culture. This quality has only been
acknowledged recently with greater scholarly attention being paid to the exciting
diversity and rich permutations of cultural expression which have found expression
around the Pacific rim most spectacularly since the arrival of palagi/pakeha. This course
is one of a growing number being run within the context of tertiary institutions around
Aotearoa addressing the work of First Nation artists. This new attention acknowledges
the importance and uniqueness of our South Pacific cultural context and heritage.
Because of the pioneering nature of this shift in focus the contributions of both student
and lecturer are vital to it's ongoing development. With your kete and our kete of
knowledge and experience, we will build something together.

Background

The paper 'Maori and Polynesian Arts' was first taught in 1993 in the Art History
Department. Introducing students to a range of current activity in Maori and Pacific
Island visual arts, this paper encourages students to make connections between taonga
and forms being produced today. It looks at major developments in the work of these
artists since the 1950's and explores a range of ideological positions for reading current
Maori and Pacific art.

The importance of cultural change as a survival mechanism, the traditional base leading
artists have started, departed from or returned to; the cross cultural assimilation and
redefinition involved in their work, First Nation art context and the implications of
outside cultural definition and analysis. Historical models and contemporary theoretical
positions will be referred to providing a context for the innovative work of contemporary
artists operating within this paradigm. Social factors will also be examined to help
account for new directions being taken.

Office hours:
Rangihiroa Panoho Tuesday 11:00-12:00
Friday 10:30-11:30

LECTURE TIMETABLE
Place: Architecture Lecture Theatre
Time: 2.00-3.00 Wednesday
2.00-3.00 Friday
Lecturer: Rangihiroa Panoho

SEMESTER 2
July 23 What is Maori art?
July 25 Charles Frederick Goldie: the mana of the artist versus that of the
sifter
July 30 Landscape and people as taonga
August 1 Maori/Pacific Connections
August 6 Nga Poropiti
August 8 Rangi and Papa Separated Again
August 13 Paratene Matchitt
August 15 Separation of Rangi and Papa Revisited
August 20 FIRST TEST
August 22 Guest Lecture : Jim Vivieaere
August 27 Guest Lecture: Tivaevae maker
August 29 Community Art

MID - SEMESTER BREAK

September 17 Young Polynesian Artists
September 19 Gauguin, La Pensee Sauvage
September 24 Appropriation
September 26 Radicals : artist as political activist
October 1 Wahine Toa, Rapira - Davies
October 3 Artists and whenua
October 8 SECOND TEST
October 10 Guest Lecture : Maori film-maker
October 15 Images of Maori in film and photography
October 17 Minimalism - Hotere and Pine
October 22 Review
October 24 Review

TUTORIAL PROGRAMME

The programme this year will focus on and develop issues raised in the lectures. This will
be a time for students to share their views and explore the field of Contemporary Maori
and Polynesian arts. Some tutorials will be held within the context of the art gallery or
museum. Tutorials are optional but it is recommended that students attend in order to
gain an insight into the topic. The programme runs weekly starting from the second week
of term (30 July - 1 August) at the following times:
Wed 12.00-1.00 GOl (N.B reliant on no.'s)
Wed 3.00-4.00 GOl
Fri 12.00-1.00 GOl
Fri 3.00-4.00 GOl

July 23 and 25 No tutorials

July 30 and August 1 ACAG visit to Goldie exhibition - the show costs$2
per student (wehave arranged a group concession)
12:00 slots only on Weds. and Fri.
August 6 and 8 Mana and It's Vessels
August 13 and 15 Nga Poropiti
August 20 and 22 A.C.A.G visit, Matchitt: exhibition of Papa Kainga
August 27 and 29 Te Moemoea no Iotefa & Bottled Ocean exhibitions
September 17 and 19 the customboard mural design solution
September 24 and 26 ways of viewing the other
October 1 and 3 Cultural Ownership
October 8 and 10 Te Moemoea No Iotefa, and Bottled Oceans
exhibitions
October 15 and 17 screening of Mita's film Bastion Point, 506
October 22 and 24 Review

ASSESSMENT: CLASSWORK I EXAMINATION

Paper 114.205 is assessed according to the following-.

1. Slide test 1 AUGUST 13
2. Essay 1 AUGUST 20
3. Slide test 2 OCTOBER 1
4. Essay 2 OCTOBER 3

The requirements of this paper are one 2,000 word essay and a three hour examination at
the end of the semester.

The weighting of classwork to examination consists of two possible options:

1. 1 essay and 2tests 50%
Examination 50%
2. 1 essay 25%
Examination 75%

In either case wherever the examination is higher than the coursework it will be the mark
recorded. If you decide to take the test option, BOTH tests must be sat.
Note that in general students fare better in coursework than in the final examination.

ESSAY 1 & 2 TOPICS:

These will be given out in the first lecture on July 23, ALT 1.

RESOURCES

(a) Guest Lectures:

Guest lecture slots have been scheduled. Lecturers will include
contemporary Maori and Pacific Island artists, Maori carvers or
weavers, curators and lecturers. Students are to be advised and
content and schedule will be discussed during the course.
(b) Reading:
(i) Samples of reading material relevant to tutorials and lectures are
enclosed within this booklet [not included in online version]. A
fuller bibliography follows which allows for wider ranging
reading pewrtinent to essay topics and the examination. Certain
books will be put on Desk Copy for use with essays at the Fine
Arts Library at Elam. These reserved book titles will be
announced at lectures when the essay topics are handed out.
(ii) Other lilbraries with collections of material on Maori and Pacific
art and culture include the following-.
Main University of Auckland Library; Auckland City Art Gallery
Research Library (by appointment only), and the Auckland
Institute and Museum Library.
(iii) Students will be advised of any upcoming exhibitions of Maori
and Pacific Island art or taonga and performance events relevant
to course material.
(c) Audio Visual
A range of historical and contemporary video material relevant to
the course is held in the Audio Visual Library, English
Department. This material can only be viewed in the Library
facility. Video will also be used from time to time in tutorial and
lecture contexts.

BIBLIOGRAPH Y

CONTEMP ORA RY

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Davis, F. Contemporary Maori Art, Waikato Museum of Art and History, 1977.

Dunn, Michael "HEADLANDS: Refiguring New Zealand Art", Art NZ 64,1992.

Ensign, Riemke "Telling Pictures: New Zealand Artists Response to New Zealand Writers", Art
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Ford, J. Te koha 0 te Whenua; the Gift of the Land, Massey University, Palmerston North, 1988.

French, Blair "A Choreography of Form: The Paintings of Shane Cotton", Art NZ 60,1991, p.63-
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George, Ta'i "Tivaevae", p.272-3, Standing in the Sunshine, Sandra Coney (ed.), Viking.
Auckland, 1993.

Guerin, L. "Letting the Stone Speak". New Zealand Listener, 18/8/1984.

Habib, R. "Artists on the Marae", Te Maori, June, 1973. Vol. 5 (2)

Hemara, R. "Tapping the Springs of Creativity: New Maori Arts", Craft International, 1988:
(vol. 6, 4): p.22-24

Hubbard, G. "Beyond Kia Ora: The Paraesthetics of Choice" Antic, December, 1990 (8) p.28-29.

Mane-Wheoki, Jonathan "Cultural Safety: Contemporary Art From New

Zealand", Art NZ 79, p.66-9. (including Peter Robinson, Jacqueline Fraser, Fiona Pardington.
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p.62-3.
 GENERAL - MAORI

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Wanganui Photoforum, (51/52), September, 1982.

Brougham, A. Maori Proverbs, Auckland, 1963.

Buck, P. The Coming of the Maori, Christchurch, 1966.

Castleberg, J. Maori is my Name. Historical Writings in Translation, (ed.), Dunedin,

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Nicholas, D. Seven Maori Artists, Wellington, 1986.

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Salmond, A. Eruera - The Teachings of a Maori Elder, Wellington, 1980.

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Scwimmer, E. The World of the Maori, Wellington, 1977.

Taiapa, P. "Tukutuku", (1953), Marae, 1, 2, 1974, p.11-16.

Te Awekotuku, N. "The Sociocultural Impact of Tourism on the Te Arawa People of

Rotorua, New Zealand", Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Waikato, 1981.
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Williams, H. A Dictionary of Maori Language, Wellington, 1975.

FIRST NATIONS

Martin, J. H. Magiciens de la Terre, Editions du Centre Pompidou, Paris, 1989.

McEvillery, T. Fusion: West African Artist at the Venice Biennale, New York, 1993.

Simons, S and H. Stevenson

Luk Luk Gen! Look Again, Perc Tucker Regional Gallery, Townsville, 1990.
Dreamings.

Wright, R. Stolen Continents, The Indian Story Pimlico, London, 1992.

MUSEOLOGY

Adams, Mark. Land of Memories. A Contemporary View of Places of Historical

Significance in the South Island of New Zealand. Whenua I Maharatia Haehae Nga
Tangata. Land of Memories Scarred by People. Tandem Press, Auckland, 1993.

Clifford, J. 'Histories of the Tribal and the Modern", Art In America, April 1985, p.164-
77,215.

Corbett, J. "Te Maori: and the Middle Ground", Metro, November 1989, p. 186-99.

McDonald, R. "'The Ongoing Relation Between Maori and the Art World", Listener,
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Mead. S. Magnificent Te Maori, Auckland, 1986.

Neich, R. "The Veil of Orthodoxy: Rotorua Ngati Tarawhai Woodcarving Art", MA

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Schulz, D. "'The Gallery at It's Limits: Whatu Aho Rua and Te Ao Maori at the Sarjeant
Gallery", Art NZ 52, Spring 1989, p.56-61

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 PACIFIC - GENERAL

Art and Asia Pacific Pacific Art, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1995.

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Bell, L. Colonial Constructs, European images of Maori 1840-1914, Auckland

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Cross, Mark "Liku and the New Hiapo of John Pule", Art NZ 66, 1993, p.43-5.

George, Ta'i "Tivaevae", p.272-3, Standing in the Sunshine, Sandra Coney (ed.), Viking,
Auckland, 1993.

Griffin, Jane "'Southern Presence - Meetings with Five Pacific Artists", Art NZ 64, 1992,
p.85-9, (including Lily Laita, Fatu Feu'u, Jim Vivieaere and Ioane Ioane).

Hanson, A. (Ed.) The Art of Oceania, Boston, 1984.

McDonald, Ewen "'HEADLANDS: Pacifically Speaking", Art NZ 64, 1992, p.59-61.

Mead, S. The Art and Artists of Oceania, Palmerston North, 1983.

Rongokea, L. Portraits of Cook Island Quilting, Daphne Brasell Associates Press, 1995.

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Vivieare, J. The Island Race in Aotearoa, ArtLInk, 1996.

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Wolfe, Richard "'Primitive Perceptions. Changing Attitudes Towards Pacific Art", Art NZ
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WEAVING

Aotearoa Moananui a Kiwa Weavers Nga Nui o te Ra, Te Waka Toi Arts Council, 1993.

Aotearoa Moananui a Kiwa Weavers Pingao: the Golden Sand Sedge, Nga Puna
Waihanga, 1991.

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Mead, S. The Art of Taniko Weaving, Wellington, 1968.

Mead, S. Traditional Maori Clothing.' A Study of Technological and Functional Change,

Wellington, 1969.

Pendergrast, M. Te Aho Tapu. The Sacred Thread.' Traditional Maori Weaving,

Auckland 1987.

Pendergrast, M. Feathers and Fibre.' A Survey of Traditional and Contemporary Maori

Craft, Penguin, 1984.

Pendergrast, M. Raranga Whakairo.' Ma on Plaiting Patterns, Coromandel Press, no date.

Puketapu-Hetet, Maori Weaving, Pitman, 1989.

Erenora Reid, M. Ngaa Kakahu Tuku Iho.' Garments From the Past, Taranaki Museum,
New Plymouth.

Te Kanawa, Diggeress Weaving a Kakahu, Bridget Williams Books, 1992.

TA MOKO

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Brown, Elaine C. Maori Moko, an Ethnohistorical Reconstruction

Cowan, J. "Maori Tattooing Survival. Some Notes on Moko", JPS, 84: 431-40,1975.

Ellis, Elizabeth Mountain "Te Kauae o nga Wahine Maori", Standing in the Sunshine,
p.264-265, Sandra Coney (ed.), Viking, Auckland, 1993.

Gell, Alfred Wrapping in Images - Tattooing in Polynesia, 1993

Graham, Pita Maori Moko or Tattoo

Hiroa, Te Rangi Coming of the Maori

Johansson, Dean
Wearing Ink, David Bateman, 1994
"Kauae Moko, 1996" (visual)

Journal of the Polynesian Society "Moko and C. F. Goldie", JPS, 84: 431-40,1975.
King, Michael
"Tattooing", JPS, 84: 431 - 40; 85: 551
Te Puea, Hodder and Stoughton, Auckland, 1977.

King, Michael and Marti Friedlander

Moko.' Maori Tattooing in the 20th Century, Alister Taylor, 1972
Moko
"Derek Lardelli: Tohunga-ta-Moko" (visual)

Laugsen, Carl T. Te Ahua - Maori Portraits by Laugsen.

Mead, H. M. "Introduction", Faces From the Past, Zambucka, Kristin (ed.)

New Zealand Heritage "Maori Tattooing in the 2Oth Century", Vol. 5, p.1937.

Nicholas, Anne The Art of the New Zealand Tattoo, Tandem, 1994

Nicholas, Thomas "The Art of the Body". Oceanic Art, p.98 - 114,1995

Oldman, Maori. G., "Skilled Handiwork of the Maori", JPS, 14, 1946.

O'Regan, S. "Tattooing", JPS; 85: 550-1.

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"Tattoo in Transition", Journal of the Polynesian Society, 67, 4.
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Phillipps, W. J. "Moko or Maori Tattoo", Te Ao Hou, 9:26

Prager, Emily Tatau Maohi Tatau, Tupuna Productions

Robley, Major-General
Moko, or Maori Tattoo, Southern Reprints, 1987
"Tattooing Patterns", JPS, 40: 44 - 6.
Moko: an Exhibition of 19th Century Portraiture
Ta Moko - The Art of Maori Tattoo, Reed Methuen, Auckland, 1986.

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Simmons, D. R. Ta Moko: The Art of Maori Tattoo

Zambucka, Kristin Faces From the Past, AH and AW Reed Ltd, Wellington, 1971.

NGATA AND HIS LEGACY

Boon, Kevin Apirana Ngata, 1993, Nelson Price Milburn, Petone.

Butterworth, G. V. Sir Apirana Ngata, 1968, AH and AW Reed, Wellington, Auckland,

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Ta Apirana: Nga Taonga Tuku Photographs., 1994.

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NGA POROPITI

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p.34-38.

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Wellington, 1972.

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PARATENE MATCHITT

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WESTERN INFLUENCES

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ARCHITECTURE

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University of Auckland, c. 1980.

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CROSS-CULTURAL

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University Press, 1992.

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MINIMALISM

Batcock, G. Minimal Art: A Critical Anthology New York, 1968.

MAORI AND POLYNESIAN WOMEN'S ART

Aotearoa Moananui a Kiwa Weavers Amokura o te Maori, National Museum and

Hawkes Bay Museum.

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After McCahon, (including Emare Karaka), 1989, ACAG.
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Works 1936-1986, Penguin, 1986.

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women, 1986.

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New Plymouth, 1987.

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Wellington.

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Art NZ 6O, 1991.

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respond, (including Robyn Kahukiwa), 1989, Dunedin.

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Pound, Francis "Jacqueline Fraser", Distance Looks Our Way 1992, Sarjeant Gallery,
Wanganui, p.47-54.

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Rowe, Neil "Robyn Kahukiwa", Art NZ 45, 1987, p.60-2.

Sanderson, Anna "Maureen Lander", Art NZ 75, 1995, p.72-3, 98.

Dayle, Jane "Theoretically Speaking - Alter/Image in Suffrage Year", Art NZ 70,

(including Robyn Kahukiwa), 1994, p.49-51.

Sotheran, Cheryll "Shona Rapira Davies at the Govett-Brewster", Art NZ 45,1987, p.45-
7.
Tamati-Quennell, M. Pu Manawa: a Celebration of Whatu, Raranga and Taniko, 1993,
Wellington, Museum of New Zealand.

Taranaki Museum Nga kakahu Tuku Iho: Garments From the Past, 1987.

Te Ao, Ngapine Tamihana, "Pu Manawa: The Heart on the Margins", Art NZ 68, 1993,
p.58-61.

Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia
"He Wahine, He Whenua: Maori Women and the Environment", Mana Wahine Maori,
1991, p. 66-70, New Women's Press.
"Te Pa Harakeke", Standing in the Sunshine, p.278-9, Sandra Coney (ed.), Viking,
Auckland, 1993.

Wellington City Art Gallery Whakamamae, 1988, Wellington.

FILM AND VIDEO

Alter/Image: Feminism and Representation in New Zealand Art 1973-1993.

Blythe, Martin J. Naming the Other: Images of the Maori in Film and Television, 1994,
The Scarecrow Press, New York and London.

Bobo, Jacqueline Black Women as Cultural Readers.

Edwards, S. "Cinematic Imperialism and Maori Cultural Identity", Illusions, March

1989.

Hawkes Bay Cultural Trust Te Atea: Katarina Mataira/Paratene Matchitt

Kaplan, E. A.
Women and Film: both sides of the Camera, 1983, Garland, New York.
Maori and Pacific Films from New Zealand.

Mita, Merata "The Soul and the Image", Film in Aotearoa New Zealand, 1992, Dennis J.
And J. Bierenga (eds.), p.36-56.

Nia, Eruera Nga Tai o Makiri, Rangiatea Films.

Nia, Eruera Huakina, National Art Gallery.

Parekowhai, C. "Te Poho o Paikea: Barry Barclay and Ngati", Art NZ 45, Summer
1987/1988, p.75-77.

Point of View Productions Pleasures and Dangers, Artists of the 1990's, 1991.
Reihana, Lisa "Lisa Reihana", p.116-128, Pleasures and Dangers: Artists of the 90's,
Longman Paul, Auckland.

Reihana, Lisa Shared Techlines: video art from the Pacific Rim, 1993, Artspace,
Auckland.

Reihana, Lisa Struggle and Celebration, kit, 1991, Learning Media, Wellington.

Reihana, Lisa Tauira

Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia "He Take Ano: Another Take - Conversations with

Lisa Reihana", Art NZ 68,1993, p.84-7.

Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia "Kura Te Waru Rewiri", Art NZ 68,1993, p.91-3.

BINARY OPPOSITES

Adams, M. Pakeha/Maori. A Conjunction. Documentary Photographs Taken in the

Rotorua Region 1978-1986., The Bathouse, Rotorua, 1986.

Bois, Y. "La Pensee Sauvage", Art in America, April 1985, p. 178.

McEvillery, T. Art and Otherness, Crisis in Cultural Identity, McPherson and Company,
New York, 1992.

Said, E. Culture and Imperialism, Vintage, London, 1994.

Said, E. Orientalism, Vintage, New York, 1978.

Teilhet, J. "The Influence of Polynesian Vulture and Art on the Works of Paul Gauguin",
Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1975.

VIDEOS AVAILABLE

Bastion Point Day 507

Four Frames. Women Film-Makers in Aotearoa.
Kohia Ko Taikaka Anake.
New Zealand Animation.
Pleasures and Dangers: Artists of the 90's.