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Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Obesity
Clinical Picture
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Obesity
Clinical Picture
• Obesity is a major public health concern in the USA and UK,
where the number of obese individuals has almost trebled
over the last twenty years.
Is a metabolic process during which your body burns calories to produce heat.
That radiating heat you can feel if you put your hand on your body, or
what makes your body warm inside. The word refers to the heat that your
body produces.
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Obesity
Botanical Products for Weight Reduction
Ephedra
• Because HCA does not appear to enter the brain, it does not
elicit CNS side-effects that may limit its acceptability.
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Obesity
Botanical Products for Weight Reduction
Garcinia (malabar tamarind)
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Obesity
Botanical Products for Weight Reduction
6. Psyllium (Plantago seeds)
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Obesity
Botanical Products for Weight Reduction
Psyllium (Plantago seeds)
• The crude drug consists of the ripe seed of Plantago psyllium,
annual herb growing in the Mediterranean area.
• It also increases the viscosity in the gut and slows down the
reabsorption of sugar.
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Clinical Picture
• Diabetes mellitus is an inability to metabolize carbohydrates resulting
from inadequate insulin production or utilization. There are two types
of diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2
• Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I diabetes). This type
of diabetes is thought to result from an autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic-cells, with the consequent inability to
secrete insulin. As a result of the destruction of beta-cells, the
pancreas fails to respond to ingestion of glucose. Type I diabetic
patients require exogenous insulin to control hyperglycemia.
Natural therapies cannot cure type 1 diabetes, but they
may help by making the body more receptive to insulin
supplied by injection.
• Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type II diabetes). In
these patients insulin is secreted, but is ineffective in
normalizing plasma glucose. The decreased responsiveness to
both endogenous and exogenous insulin is termed "insulin
resistance". The goal in treating Type II diabetes is to maintain
blood glucose concentration within normal limits and to
prevent the development of long-term complications of
diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes frequently responds
well to natural therapies.
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Phytotherapy of Diabetes
1. Gymnema
Diabetes Mellitus
Phytotherapy of Diabetes
Gymnema
• It consists of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, a woody, climbing
shrub that grows in the tropical forests of India.
• The hypoglycemic (blood sugar-lowering) action of gymnema
leaves was first documented in the late 1920s. This action is
attributed to members of a family of substances called gymnemic
acids (Saponin glycosides).
• Several mechanisms could contribute to the gymnema
antidiabetic effects; experimental studies have shown that
Gymnema leaves raise insulin levels, this may be due to
regeneration of the cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, or
by increasing the secretion of insulin from these cells.
• Gymnema can also increases the uptake of glucose into the cells,
and reduces glucose absorption from the intestine.(Figure 15.7).
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Phytotherapy of Diabete
Gymnema
• The mild estrogenic activity of soy isoflavones may ease menopause symptoms
for some women, without creating estrogen-related problems.
Soy may also be beneficial in preventing osteoporosis. Isoflavones from soy have
protected against bone loss in animal studies.
Plants and Metabolic Diseases
Phytotherapy Gynaecological disorder
Estrogen Deficiency
2. Red Clover
•Although the isoflavones in red clover may help prevent certain forms of
cancer (e.g., breast and prostate ), further studies are needed before red
clover is recommended for cancer patients.
Menstrual Pain Treatment
Menstrual Pain Causes
Prostaglandins cause many of the symptoms associated with
menstrual discomfort. The tissue that lines the uterus makes these
chemicals. Prostaglandins stimulate the uterine muscles to
contract. Women who have high levels of prostaglandin
experience more intense contractions of their uterus and more
pain. Prostaglandins may also be responsible for vomiting,
diarrhea and headaches.
Self-Care at Home
Anti-inflammatory medication. Ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen
-These medications work better if taken before the start of
menstruation and can be continued as long as needed.
-The following strategies may help relieve menstrual cramps:
-A heating pad to the pelvic area
-Massage to the back and lower abdomen
-Exercise, especially prior to the start of a period
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-Calcium and magnesium 1200 mg daily
Phytotherapy of Menstrual Pain Treatment
Emmenagogues are herbs said to stimulate blood flow in the pelvic area
and uterus.
Plants such as mugwort, parsley and ginger have been used by women
hoping to be not pregnant.
Ginger, (Zingiber off.) perhaps the most widely used emmenagogue in folk
medicine
Other traditional plants for dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) , including
cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum),basil (Ocimum basilicum), yarrow (Achillea
millefolium), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), juniper berry (Juniperus communis),
and chamomile (Matricaria chamomile) each contain prostaglandin-
inhibiting .
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Thank you for your attention