Visible Learningplus 250+ Influences on Student Achievement

STUDENT ES ES CURRICULA ES ES HOME ES ES SCHOOL ES ES

Prior knowledge & background Reading, Writing, and the Arts Family structure Other school effects
The Visible Learning
Creativity and achievement 0.40 Comprehension programs 0.47 Adopted children 0.25 Counseling effects 0.35
research synthesises
Non-standard dialect use -0.29 Comprehensive instructional 0.72 Divorced or remarriage 0.23 School calendars/timetables 0.09
Field independence 0.68 Drama/Arts programs 0.38 Fathers 0.20 School effects 0.48
findings from 1,400
Piagetian programs 1.28 Exposure to reading 0.43 Other family structure 0.16 Suspension/ Expelling students -0.20 meta-analyses of 80,000
Prior - high school to university 0.60 Music based programs 0.37 Family dynamics School resourcing studies involving 300
Prior - to adult performance 0.38 Phonics instruction 0.70 Corporal punishment in the home -0.33 Finances 0.21 million students, into what
Prior ability 0.94 Repeated Reading programs 0.75 Home environment 0.52 External accountability systems 0.31 works best in education.
Prior achievement 0.55 Second/Third chance programs 0.53 Home visiting 0.29 Types of school
Self-reported grades 1.33 Sentence Combining programs 0.15 Parental autonomy support 0.15 Charter Schools 0.09
Working memory 0.57 Spelling programs 0.58 Parental Involvement 0.50 Religious Schools 0.24
Beliefs, Attitudes and Dispositions Visual-Perception programs 0.55 Television -0.18 Single sex schools 0.08
Key for rating
Attitude to content domains 0.35 Vocabulary programs 0.62 Family resources Summer school 0.23
Concentration/Persistence/ 0.56 Whole language 0.06 Immigrant status 0.01 Summer vacation effect -0.02 Potential to considerably
Engagement
Writing programs 0.45 Parental employment 0.03 Pre-school experiences accelerate student achievement
Grit/ Incremental vs. entity thinking 0.25
Math and Sciences Socioeconomic status 0.52 Different types of early intervention 0.29
Mindfulness 0.29 Potential to accelerate
Manipulative materials on math 0.30 Welfare Policies -0.12 Early Intervention 0.44
student achievement
Morning vs. eveningness 0.12
Mathematics 0.59 Early Intervention in the home 0.27
Personality 0.26 Likely to have positive impact
Science 0.48 Head start programs 0.33
Self-concept 0.41 on student achievement
Use of calculators 0.27 Pre school programs 0.26
Self-efficacy 0.92
Other curricula programs Pre school with at risk students 0.56 Likely to have small positive
Stereotype threat 0.33 impact on student achievement
Bilingual programs 0.36 School compositional effects
Task value 0.46
Career Interventions 0.38 College halls of residence 0.05
Motivational approach, orientation
Likely to have a negative impact
Chess 0.34 Desegregation 0.28 on student achievement
Achieving motivation and approach 0.44
Conceptual change programs 0.99 Diversity of students 0.10
Boredom -0.49
Creativity programs 0.62 Middle schools interventions 0.08 ES Effect size calculated using
Deep motivation and approach 0.69 Cohen’s d
Diversity courses 0.09 Military deployment -0.16
Depression -0.36
Extra-curricula programs 0.20 Mobility -0.34
Lack of stress 0.17
Integrated Curricula programs 0.47 Out of school curricula experiences 0.26
Mastery goals 0.06
Juvenile delinquent programs 0.12 School choice 0.12
Motivation 0.42
Motivation/ character programs 0.34 School size 0.43
Performance goals -0.01
Outdoor/ Adventure programs 0.43 Leadership
Reducing anxiety 0.42
Perceptual-Motor programs 0.08 Collective teacher efficacy 1.57
Surface motivation and approach -0.11
Play Programs Principals/ School leaders 0.32
Physical Influences
Social skills programs 0.39 School climate 0.32
ADHD -0.90
Tactile stimulation programs 0.58
Breastfeeding 0.04
Deafness -0.61
Drugs 0.32
Ethnicity 0.12
Exercise/Relaxation 0.26
Gender on achievement 0.08
Illness (lack of) 0.26
Pre-term birth weight 0.57
Relative age within a class 0.45
Sleep -0.05

The Visible Learningplus program materials are licensed from the Visible Learning Limited Partnership and Cognition Education Group
PAGE 1 of 2 | August 2017
Visible Learningplus 250+ Influences on Student Achievement
CLASSROOM ES TEACHER ES TEACHING: Focus ES TEACHING: Focus on ES TEACHING: Focus on ES
Classroom composition effects Teacher attributes on student learning teaching/ instructional implementation
Ability grouping 0.12 Teacher clarity 0.75 strategies strategies method
Class size 0.21 Teacher credibility 0.90 Strategies emphasizing student meta-cognitive/ Strategies emphasizing Learning Intentions Implementations using technologies
self-regulated learning
Detracking 0.09 Teacher effects 0.32 Behavioral organizers/ 0.42 Clickers 0.22
Elaboration & Organisation 0.75 Adjunct questions
Mainstreaming 0.27 Teacher estimates of achievement 1.62 Computer assisted instruction 0.47
Elaborative-Interrogation 0.42 Cognitive task analysis 1.29
Multi-grade/age classes 0.04 Teacher expectations 0.43 Gaming/ simulations 0.35
Evaluation and reflection 0.75 Concept mapping 0.64
Open vs. Traditional 0.01 Teacher personality 0.23 Intelligent tutoring systems 0.48
Meta-cognitive strategies 0.60 Goal commitment 0.40
Retention -0.32 Teacher performance pay 0.05 Interactive video methods 0.54
Seeking help from peers 0.83 Goal difficulty 0.59
Small group learning 0.47 Teacher verbal ability 0.22 Mobile phones 0.37
Self-regulation strategies 0.52 Goal intentions 0.48
Within class grouping 0.18 Teacher student interactions One on one laptops 0.16
Self-verbalization & Self-questioning 0.55 Goals 0.68
School curricula for gifted students Student rating of quality of teaching 0.50 Online, digital tools 0.29
Strategy monitoring 0.58 Learning hierarchies 0.19
Ability grouping for gifted students 0.30 Teachers not labeling students 0.61 Programmed instruction 0.23
Transfer Strategies 0.86 Planning and prediction 0.76
Acceleration 0.68 Teacher-Student relationships 0.52 Technology in distance education 0.01
Student focused interventions Setting standards for self judgement 0.62
Enrichment 0.53 Teacher education Technology in mathematics 0.33
Aptitude/treatment interactions 0.19 Strategies emphasizing Success Criteria
Classroom influences Micro teaching 0.88 Technology in other subjects 0.55
Individualized instruction 0.23 Mastery learning 0.57
Background music 0.10 Professional development 0.41 Technology in Reading/Literacy 0.29
Matching style of learning 0.31 Worked examples 0.37
Classroom behavioral 0.62 Teacher education 0.12 Technology in science 0.23
Student centered teaching 0.36 Strategies emphasizing Feedback
Classroom cohesion 0.44 Teacher subject matter knowledge 0.11 Technology in small groups 0.21
Student control over learning 0.02 Classroom discussion 0.82
Classroom management 0.35 Technology in writing 0.42
Strategies emphasizing student perspectives in Feedback 0.70
Cognitive behavioural programs 0.29 Technology with college students 0.42
learning
Providing formative evaluation 0.48
Decreasing disruptive behavior 0.34 Technology with 0.44
Peer tutoring 0.53
Questioning 0.48 elementary students
Mentoring 0.12 Volunteer tutors 0.26
Response to intervention 1.29 Technology with high 0.30
Not being liked in class -0.19 Learning strategies school students
Types of testing 0.12
Peer influences 0.53 Deliberate practice 0.79 Technology with learning 0.57
Teaching/Instructional strategies
needs students
Effort 0.77
Adjunct aids 0.32
Use of PowerPoint 0.26
Help seeking 0.60
Collaborative learning 0.34
Visual/Audio-visual methods 0.22
Key for rating Imagery 0.45
The Visible Learning Competitive vs. 0.24
Web based learning 0.18
Interleaved practice 0.21 individualistic learning
Potential to considerably research synthesises Mnemonics 0.76 Cooperative learning 0.40
Implementations using out of school learning
accelerate student achievement findings from 1,400 Note taking 0.50 Cooperative vs. competitive learning 0.53
After school programs 0.40

Potential to accelerate meta-analyses of 80,000 Outlining and transforming 0.66 Cooperative vs. 0.55
Distance Education 0.13
individualistic learning Home-school programs 0.16
student achievement studies involving 300 Practice testing 0.54
Direct Instruction 0.60 Homework 0.29
Likely to have positive impact million students, into what Record keeping 0.52
Discovery based teaching 0.21 Service learning 0.58
Rehearsal and memorization 0.73
on student achievement works best in education. Humour 0.04 Implementations that emphasize school-wide
Spaced vs. Mass Practice 0.60
Likely to have small positive teaching strategies
Inductive teaching 0.44
Strategy to integrate with prior 0.93
impact on student achievement knowledge Inquiry based teaching 0.40
Co-/ Team teaching 0.19
Comprehensive Teaching Reforms 0.28
Study skills 0.46 Jigsaw method 1.20
Likely to have a negative impact
Interventions for learning 0.77
on student achievement Summarization 0.79 Philosophy in schools 0.43
disabled students
Teaching test taking and coaching 0.30 Problem based learning 0.26
Special College programs 0.21
ES Effect size calculated using Time on Task 0.49 Problem solving teaching 0.68
Cohen’s d Teaching creative thinking 0.34
Underlining and Highlighting 0.50 Reciprocal teaching 0.74
Scaffolding 0.82
Teaching communication skills 0.43
& strategies
Teaching strategies 0.57

The Visible Learningplus program materials are licensed from the Visible Learning Limited Partnership and Cognition Education Group
PAGE 2 of 2 | August 2017