GROUP NO.

2 GENERAL BIOLOGY II

EMMANUEL ROMANO CELESTE BABIERA

CHARLIE BAGSIC DIANA ROSE SILLADOR
CHRISTINE SIAP

STEM 12-5 MR. LEONARD SANTOS

MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF DNA, RNA AND PROTEINS

DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)

 Is the building block of the life. It contains the information the cell requires to
synthesize protein and to replicate itself, to be short, it is the storage
repository for the information of any cell to function.
 Discovered by Watson-Crick in 1953
 The structure is composed of 4 kinds of nitrogenous bases; (Purines: Adenine
& Guanine) and (Pyrimidine: Thymine & Cytosine), five carbon sugar called
deoxyribose, and a phosphate molecule.
 The significance of a DNA is very high. The gene's sequence
is like language that instructs cell to manufacture a particular
protein. An intermediate language, encoded in the sequence of
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), translates a gene's message into a protein's amino acid sequence.
It is the protein that determines the trait. This is called central dogma of life.
 Anti-parallel strands- One strand of DNA goes from 5’ to 3’ (sugars). The other
strand is opposite in direction going 3’ to 5’ (sugars)
 DNA stores genetic information in segments called genes. The DNA code is in
Triplet Codons (short sequences of 3 nucleotides each) certain codons are translated by the
cell into certain Amino acids. Thus, the sequence of
nucleotides in DNA indicates a sequence of Amino
acids in a protein.

RNA( RIBONUCLEIC ACID)

 The pentose sugar is Ribose (has a hydroxyl group in the 3rd
carbon---OH). Functionally, DNA maintains the protein-encoding
information, whereas RNA uses the information to enable the cell to
synthesize the particular protein.
PROTEIN
 A protein molecule is made from a long
chain of these amino acids, each linked to its
neighbor through a covalent peptide bond
 Proteins are therefore also known
as polypeptides. Each type of protein has a unique
sequence of amino acids, exactly the same from
one molecule to the next. Many thousands of
different proteins are known, each with its own
particular amino acid sequence.
 Groups of amino acids; Nonpolar
(hydrophobic),Polar(hydrophilic,)Acidic
(negative charge,)Basic (positive charge)

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