Religious Codes Confirm

The Indus Script

Vijayabhaarati
Religious Codes Confirm
The Indus Script
Confirming Indus Script Readings From The Sankashti
Caturthi Vrata, Caturdasi Vrata,Palm Sunday, Seal of Shu-
ilishu-the Meluhha tanslator etc.
Abstract
The Harappan seals contain several linguistic symbols which
have not been properly understood so far.Through my works
especially- Indus script decipherment breakthrough,
PaNameTa-the troy tower weight and measure system of
Harappa, The Harappan Symbol Of

Man+ Trident And Its Relation To Kausika Visvamitra And The

Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower Weights), The Harappan Unicorn
And The Kalinga Malla MeTas(Tower Weights) , The Harappan
Symbol Of Intersecting Circles And Its Relation To
Kausika Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower
weights), The Harappan Contest Motif Of Nude Man With Six
Locks Of Hair Fighting Two Tigers And Its Relation To The
Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower Weights), The Harappan symbols
of Roots, Nuts And Cocks And Their Relation To Kausika
Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower weights),
Identification Of KaNva In The Indus Script, Identification Of
Troy In The Indus script,Identification Of Barley And Mustard In
The Indus Script, Krishna’s Mathura And Dvaraka In The Indus
Script, The Pinna In The Indus Script, The Identity Of Vedic
Sarasvati And The Location Of Krishna’s Dvaraka, Identification
Of Vedic Bharadvaja In The Indus Script, Krishna’s Dvaraka In
The Indus Script, One Symbol Of Indus Script Can Tell A Lot
About The Indus Valley Civilisation, The Identity Of Kasyapa In
The Indus Valley And Sumeria, Kusa -The Son Of Rama-In
Mesopotamia(Sumer),Indus -Sumer Trade, A Few “Copper”
Names In The Indus Script, Janaka-King Of Mithila-In The
Indus Script,The Vedic Asvins, Yama And Kartikeya In The
Indus Script, The Goddess Sarasvati And The Origin Of Brahmi
And Kharoshthi, The Origin Of The Roman Aes Grave From
The Indus Valley Money, A Solution To The Mystery Of The
Gundestrup Cauldron, The Eternal Soma Of The Vedas,
Vedic Roots Of Ancient Egyptian Religion, A Veiled Visvamitra
Soma Sacrifice In The New Testament , The Script Of Indus
Valley Civilisation-1:The Script Of Indus Valley Civilisation-2,
The Punny Plough,The Bearded Kings Of The Ancient,
Bharata -The Language Of The Indus Valley Civilisation,
The Script Of Indus Valley Civilisation -3,The Script Of Indus
Valley Civilisation-4,Harappan Vedic Sacrificial Feasts In
Mesopotamian Art And In The Bible,The Script of Indus valley
Civilisation-6 :A Vrishni Silver Coin And Its Harappan Source,The
Script of Indus valley Civilisation-7: The Conversion Of
Makha(Sacrifice) To Tanka(Mint) In The Indus Script,Script Of
Indus Valley Civilisation-8:Vedic Root Of Gudea’s
Akshayapatra,Three Men In A Boat Seal Evidence Of Indus –
Dilmun Trade,The Script Of Indus Valley Civilisation-9: The
Goodluck Symbols Of The Indus Script, The script of Indus valley
civilisation-10:Identification Of The True Vedic Soma From
Harappan Seals Confirms The Indus Valley Civilisation As
Vedic, The Script Of Indus Valley Civilisation-11:
Daksha (Soma) Yaaga-The Vedic Eucharist -In The Indus
Script , The Script Of Indus Valley Civilisation-12:
Dāśarājñá And Dasaratha In The Indus Script, The Script Of
Indus Valley Civilisation-13:The Silver Palm Seals Are Rosetta
Stones Of The Indus Script , Vedic And Sumerian Linguistic
Evidences For The Language Of Harappa, The Script Of Indus
Valley Civilisation-14:The Difference Of Meluhha And Mlecca,
The Script Of Indus Valley Civilisation-15:The Shift Of The
Capital Of The Vrishnis From Mathura( Kalibangan) To
Dvaraka( Mohenjodaro), 6000 Year Old Mehrgarh Wheel
Amulet Employs Vedic Script, The Script Of Indus Valley
Civilisation-16:Vedic Sarasvati-Ganga Civilisation, The Identity
Of The RigVedic Rivers, Mohenjo-daro-The City Of Krishna ,
Gods fighting Dragons,The Script Of Indus Valley Civilisation-
17:A Harappan Seal With A Majestic Bull,The Sindhu Is The
Vedic Sarasvati ,Suvarna Is Not The Vedic Soma,Govinda
Garudadhvaja Vishtarasrava-The Supreme God Of The
Harappans, The Continuity Of Vedic Bharata Varsha
Civilisation From Harappa To The Present , The Etymology of
Irinjalakuda A Rosetta Stone For The Indus Script, The
Identification Of The Royal Throne In The Indus Script,
The Identification Of The Royal Throne Of Lord Krishna In
The Indus Script, The Star Of Bethlehem And Its Relation To
The Indus Script, The ‘Sma’ In Metal Names Of The Indus
Glyphs, The Significance Of The Madhya-Ma In The Indus
script, A Harappan Spiked Throne Confirms Vedic Identity Of
Indus Valley Civilisation, Vedic Rajasuya-The Harappan
Ritual Of Inaugurating Kings As Gods -

I have shown that several seals contain vedic metrological

terms,names of vedic ornaments,names of people, places and
gods etc. My perception is that only a comprehensive study
of ancient vedic literature, temple legends ,vedic rites and
rituals, along with vedic metrology alone can decipher the
script symbols satisfactorily.A brief attempt in this direction
is made here .A significant find herein is the existence of the
Kalinga malla mana system during Harappan times challenging
the common perception of its origin from the later Kalinga
kingdom(Orissa).The unicorn is identified as the
pala/nishka/soma/agni.Signs of intersecting circles, fish ,
crab,bud,tower etc. also indicate pala.The six locks of hair
indicate the paNameTa weight of six barley grains.Roots and
nuts indicate viira bhadra/ Drupada/ varaha/pala.We have
located Lord Krishna’s Mathura and Dvaraka in the Indus valley
scripts.
We have confirmed Mohenjodaro as the first Dvaraka
on the basis of the inscription on the copperplate B7C2 from
there and textual evidences from the Rgveda, Mahabharata
etc.We have located PadmakuuTa,one of the palaces of
Krishna there.Also we have identified the Sindhu(Indus) as the
Vedic Sarasvati river.We have gone through the symbols
identifying the Bharadvajas,the clan of composers of the
earliest vedic texts.In Krishna’s Dvaraka we gathered more
details from the script on Lord Krishna’s Dvaraka and
Sindhu/Sarasvati. We have looked into the indications of the
Harappan jar symbol with three forks on each edge.We have
located the Kasyapas in Hastinapura trading with Sumeria.We
have decoded the Mari Standard,went deeper into the
meanings of several Sumerian images and confirmed Meluhha
as Vedic Harappa/Indus valley. We have located Janaka,the
king of Mithila,father-in-law of Rama, in the Indus script.We
have identified the names of copper in the Indus script and
located the Asvins,Yama and Skanda in the Indus script.In A
Model For Indus Script Decipherment we have identified the
deity in the seal M-1181 and built a model for complete
decipherment of the Indus script.
We have seen how Brahmi and Kharoshthi evolved from the
Indus Script and how the Indus script was in use along with
Brahmi/Kharoshthi even into the first centuries CE.We have
seen how the coins of the ancient world,including the Roman
coins evolved from the Indus valley money.
We have looked for and located a Rosetta Stone for the Indus
script, in the varaha/gadyanaka coin form.
We have gone into the relation of the Druids to the Indus valley
civilisation and the role of their Gundestrup cauldron
in the evolution of Christianity.
We have explored the relation of the Anau seal to the Indus
Valley Civilisation.
We have gone into the relationship of the Egyptian and
Harappan deities.
We have looked into a beautiful story from the New Testament
invoving the vedic soma sacrifice in A Veiled Visvamitra
Soma Sacrifice In The New Testament.
We have studied the indications of some of the Indus script
symbols with particular reference to their use on ancient coins
of India .
We have looked into symbolism of the overflowing vase on
the Sumerian statue of Gudea and through it we identified the
indications of several Indus symbols including the
Harischandra vaajapeya sacrifice.
We have seen how the Harappan glyphs served as goodluck
symbols .
The identification of the right vedic soma has two important
aspects:First, it ends the long quest for the mysterious soma.
Second,it confirms the Indus valley civilisation as vedic ,beyond
any doubt.
We have studied the vedic Daksha Yaaga and its relation to
the soma yaaga.Also we have located Dāśarājñá and
Dasaratha in the Indus seals.
We have explored the application of the palm soma seals as
further rosetta stones of the Indus script .
We have looked into the claim of mlecca as the language of
the Indus valley civilation and concluded that Bharata,not
mlecca, was the language of the Indus valley civilisation.
We have gone into the shift of the vedic Yadava clans from
the Ghaggar-Hakra to the Sarasvati(Sindhu) basin.
We have confirmed the river Sindhu as the Rig vedic river
Sarasvati and the Ghaggar/Hakra as the Yamuna.
We have established that the unicorn standard
of Harappan civilisation is Govinda/Vishnu the supreme
god of the Harappans .We have also identified vedic
genealogies in some of the Bharata varsha seals
establishing the continuity of vedic civilisation from
Harappan times to the present day.We have also
gone into a possible link of the names of
the Harappan Mathura and Mesopotamian Assur.
We have identified some of the Harappan glyphs indicating
kings,thrones and palaces.
W have identified some of the symbols of Lord Krishna in the
Indus script.
We have looked into the sma in metal names of the Indus
script and the significance of the madhya-ma /naama.
We have identified the Visvamitra-Sunasepha story in the
lady of spiked throne of Harappa.
We have gone into the significance of the Rajasuya ritual of
Harappa.
We have looked into some of the metal work symbols
employed by the Kausika/Bharata/Visvakarma
metal workers of Bharata Varsha/Harappa.
We have gone into the royal seats of Visvamitra,
Rama,Bharata,Krishna etc.in the Sindhu-Yamuna basin.
We have gone into the use of the man-on –tree symbol to
indicate the exquisite finish of the throne especially in
relation to King Bhagiratha.
We have looked into the influence of the Harappan Bharatas in
Hattusa,Mitanni,Egypt etc.
We have seen that the New Indus seal inscription from
Ganweriwala,reported by Dr. Asko Parpola and Sidra Gulzar,
pertains to Dasaratha and Rama of Kosala.
We have looked into the celebration of the Ramanavami
festival by the Harappans.
In this article we are confirming Indus Script Readings from the
Sankashti Caturthi Vrata, Caturdasi Vrata,Palm Sunday, Seal
of Shu-ilishu-the Meluhha tanslator etc.
Key words : Sankashti Caturthi Vrata , Caturdasi Vrata , Palm
Sunday , Seal of Shu-ilishu-the Meluhha tanslator ,
Ramanavami, Bhiima ekadasi, Ganweriwala,
Kosala,Hattusa,Mitanni,Indraprastha, Visvakarma,
Rajasuya,Sunasepha,Lord Krishna,Royal regalia,Assur,Bharata
varsha,Govinda , SuvarNa,Sindhu,Sarasvati, Yamuna,Ganga,
Yadavas,Vrishnis,Bharata-the language of the Indus valley
civilisation,Dāśarājñá, Dasaratha,Daksha, Dakshayaaga,
Grape wine,toddy,Soma,Somayaaga, AgnishToma, Goodluck
symbols,Gudea,Harischandra,Vrishni silver coin, Indus
script,Indus script decipherment,Harappan script,Jesus healing
a crippled woman on a Sabbath,Isis, Osiris,Ra,Pharaoh,
Asvamedha, The Anau seal, Gundestrup
cauldron,Chernunnos, Varaha, Gadyanaka, Pagoda,Roman
coins,Aes grave,Sarasvati, Brahmi, Kharoshti,
Asvins,Yama,Kartikeya,Copper trade,Janaka,
Kasyapa,Sumer,Mari standard,Garuda, Syena,Indus-Sumer
trade, Harappa, Rama,Hastinapura,Bharadvaja, Dvaraka,
Mathura, Pancaala, PadmakuuTa, Suprabha,Indus valley
civilisation,Vedic Aryans, Vedic metrology, Harappan
unicorn,Kalingamana, Magadhamana, Kausika Visvamitra,
KaNva, Bharata,intersecting circles,fish signs,Maasha, Karsha
paNa, Shekel,Mina, PaNa,paNameTa, Pala, Pallava,Tola,
Ruupa, Rupee, Seer,Yava,Mustard seed weight,Barley grain
weight, Gunja,ManjaaTi,Troy weight,Tower weight,Myladuthurai
stone celt,Nandagopa.

The Indus script symbols denote the religious,cultural and

political life of the entire ancient world, particularly that of the
Hindus of India.
The Sankashti Caturthi /Sankata Hara Caturthi
is an auspicious day dedicated to Lord Ganesa(Mahesa-

Siva,agnesa-fire god).Suurya(the sun) is turya , ,

(4th,4th part;musical instrument , )/dhurya

(bull).Catvara , (ground prepared for

sacrifice,crossway;cf.saala-road,maaTha -

road,path,math;meTa -tower;medha-adhvara , , -

sacrifice-suuya-udaya-prabhaata-dawn,mesha -aja-aga-yaja

),indicate adhvara (sacrifice)/

asvina(sacrifice). , , , , , , , , ,

, , , , , .This day is observed on the fourth

day(cf.akshaya) of Krishna Paksha (dark/waning lunar
phase),every Lunar month of the Hindu calendar . When this
Caturthi falls on a Tuesday it is called Angaraki Sankashti
Caturthi,the most important among all Sankashti Caturthi

days.Dhura , , , , (load,weight;Tola/suula) is

sura(soma)/pura(city). PrishTha(bottom) K-050 is

prastha(pura)/ praasada / harmya- hiraNya(gold)-
garima(power).SroNa(bottom;Dharma/Indra/Marut) is droNa

, , , (trough,archer, soma,

scorpion)/druma-aga-aja - (tree,Indra,Dharma, Marut)/

tRNa (grass,Indra,dharma,Marut). Nagara /saala

/taala /sthala/sthaala /Kusasthali , , , , ,

/ maana(altar,measure) /sadana(house) /dasma

(lord,dasam-ten ;desam-place,daasan-bhRtyan-

servant,rajan-king)/masta (head)/matsa ,

→nRsadana , (yagasala -raaja/ yajamaana-

asra , (hair of head,blood,tear;viirabhadra)-ajasthaana

, -aasthaana , -vrata-varsha-vraja-Dvaraka-durga-

bhadra-Bharata- -cakra-wheel/Sakra-Indra/sukra-soma-raa-

rasa-dasa-sura , , , -soma-ashtama-ashtami ,

, , -prastha-Indraprastha-Kosala-Kurukshetra-

Jerusalem-Mathura/palace)/nakra →makara

→makaramatsya , , → nagaramadhya , , ,

, →nagaramasta(head of town;nRsadana/Yagasaala

, , , , , , , )
→darbha(talpa/sarpa/sarva/srava/drava/druu;kusa/gaja/kesa/

kaasa/kaaca/prakaasa , /vriksha/vricaya/ cayamaana/

yajamaana , , ) , , , →Hariscandra ,
 , , →Ajiigarta ,→gopa(go-
bha)→bhuupa(king)→sobha(shine)→ soma(madya,
moon,noon,madhya-mid,king)→suura(sun,tiger,hari,Indra)→
sura(madya,sun).

A→ka→ma→ra→ sa→vi→aga→ khaga→ravi→

viira→aja→usha→eka→ yaja→ yaaga→ saya→ arka→
kara→hara→arka→ agna→agra→ asra→ artha→
raa→rasa→sara→ sira→sura→raaja→srii→ iisa→ nara→
nR→mahaa→makha→ magha→mukha→ukha

A(Vishnu)+kanaa(woman)→agna(fire,sun,king) →

angana(woman);sa+bhadra(girl)→savitR-the sun→
ka(head,Sarasvati).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankashti_Chaturthi

→
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/G
anapati20120901_183229.jpg/240px-
Ganapati20120901_183229.jpg
On this day, the devotees observe strict fast. They break the
fast at night after having darshan/auspicious sight of the moon
preceded by prayers to Lord Ganesa(jina-sun,jana-
people,naga-sun,agna-fire,king;agnesa-fire god,janesa-king).
The Angaraki Caturthi (Angaraka-Kuja-Mars,Lord of Aja-
Aries,usha-dawn,kusa/kosa-jar,tree,snake;gaja-elephant,kesa-
temple/hair,kaasa-light;Tuesday,king,fire;the red rising sun;the
waning moon indicates the night sun or king in this world ,
travelling with the people, solving their problems ,and
showering gifts on them) .Devotees believe their problems
would be solved and wishes would be fulfilled if they observe
fast on this day as Ganesa is Vighnesavara(agnesvara/
soma),the remover of obstacles.Before moonrise the Ganapati
Atharvasiirsha is recited to invoke the blessings of Lord
Ganesa. During each month, Lord Ganesha is worshiped with a
different name and piiTha , (seat,paada-foot,deva-
god;piitha-sun;meTa-tower/medha-sacrifice,wisdom/maTh-
kshetra). It is believed that Lord Ganesa manifests himself to

his devotees on earth on this day(sunset). Ganesa ,

(karabha/naaga/gaja/aja/aga-elephant,sun -

kalabha , -Aum , unicorn ,soma-sun) is

widely worshipped as the god of wisdom(dhii/srii),
prosperity(rayi/ravi/srii) and good fortune(bhaga/vasu) and
traditionally invoked at the beginning of any new venture or at
the start of travel.

Sankastha→sinha(Leo-asta,house of sun/king) K-050 ,

M-306 (sa-god,naga-sun,naaga-elephant,nakha-
claw,makha-sacrifice,king/ma;jina-hasta→solar ray)/ sankha

(conch, m311a )/sunga (tree)-asta(House)→

masta , (head)→ bhadra(head,king,bull, elephant,

gold,auspicious;bharata-fire,anointed king;svar-sun)→ hasta

, (kara,hand,trunk,tax;asta-house,saala-hall,taala -

palm,plate;asta-ashTa-8 , , , /stha-seat/shad-

six/dasa , -ten,time,meat/disa-direction/sata-hundred)→
ashTa(8)→prastha (pura-city/praasaada-palace/astya-
house)→ varsha(year,place)→vrata(dominion,dharma,law).

, Agni(raja-aja-aga-na →ahna-ahas-
day,asana-food,ajna-command,aasana-seat,aksha-panca-
sinha-garja-garta, karsha,eye,snake) is nRpa(bhadra-

bharata-king,patra-leaf , bird;Mal.neruppu/patta-fire).The
palm leaf is called kuruttola(tender leaf; gurusaala-Miina-
temple/prabhaata-dawn/miina/maana-altar,measure) in
Malayalam indicating the balasurya/rising sun.
 kara(hand;rasa-raa-soma,kasa-raasa-sound,raaja-king) is also

saya-bed ,snake ,lizard , hand , sex , house

(ma-saya/astya).

aga/aja /nR/nRpa / guru/giri/raaja/srii/iisa/

kusa/kosa/jaya/ yaja/yaaga/saya(hand,bed,
sex,snake,lizard)/vaca/vasa/aksha/asva/avasa /
naaga/mahaa/go-vara/ kara(hand,tax,trunk)/ hara(ass,fire)/
vaara/ viira(war,fire,king )/ bhaara/paala/ kesa/
kshetra/taala/ paana/paala/bhaara(weight,rule) / saala/

dhaana/lava → adhvara/ varaha / garuda ,

/kurukshetra/ kosala/ mahaaviira/ Kusasthali/
Prayaaga/Jerusalem(Mal.tiruttalam-holyplace)→adhvara -

akshaya/kshaya- pa/va/bha/ bhakshya/ madya/ adya/

foot-food ).Easter/ Ramanavami are denoted by the
Eastern sun(the king).Inauguration of king is

rajasuya/Hariscandra .

The roaring (kasa/gaja/garja /garta/harta/harsha

) animals or rising things like phallus,snake, tree,palm,

hand , toddy , elephant ,rising horns of animals

etc. denote sunrise and kiriiTa-the king’s crest , ,

,M1170a

Padma , →bhasma →pa-asma /amza -

(kasya-pa;kshaya-pa)/aasana →p-aana /sma →

b-aana , →bh-aama→bh-iima→niir-aja (padma-

palm)→nir -jala →va-sna , →ve-sma →

p-anca →sinha →sunga , (tree).

Manava(man) →manu(nara-man,nR-king,mR-death,mRt-

earth;bhadra-king,patra-writ)→aja + garta

(throne,garuda ; saya)/garddabha(garta-bha) +

bhadra /patra , , , /vetra /drava , /druu

→Ajiigarta –bharata(bha-ratha) .
Raasa-sound is ghosha-sound,brass(praasa-spear).
Christ entered Jerusalem on a donkey cf.Matthew 21:1-11,
Mark 11:1-11, Luke 19:28-44, and John 12:12-19, Jesus
descends from the Mount of Olives towards Jerusalem, and the
crowds lay their clothes on the ground to welcome him as he
triumphantly enters Jerusalem. Christians celebrate
Jesus' entry into Jerusalem as Palm Sunday, a week before
Easter Sunday.M078 , M290a

Raasabha/garddabha/dasra/asvina - with people

carrying palm leaves , , (kharjura;man holding patra
becomes sa-patra/vetra and indicate savitR/srii/raja-

king,king’ s triumphal entry into nRsadana

/Yagasaala , /Jerusalem/ Kurukshetra/Kosala/ Judea/

Ayodhya/gurusaala/prabhaata/ maana / miina /Sinai is

adhvara(sacrifice)/asvina(sacrifice)/satra , ,

, , , (sacrifice,tabernacle)/dasra
/suuya) and shouting(garja-roar/garta-throne)

hosanna(udaya/ ghoshana/go -saala /hu-yaga-

saala/palace)! Kharjura is silver palm/silver/soma.

Karcura is gold.Judas (ushas) betrayed(showed up)
Jesus(Joshua) for 30 silver pieces!

This confirms that Aja/guru/iisa/Hari is Jesus/king and

kharjura/soma(candra) is palm , and the sacrifice is

Hariscandra/Rajasuuya/Ajiigarta/Bharata m223 ,

k037 →raja + suuya/udaya/saya/sadana/

suryodaya/Duryodhana etc.In the Kurukshetra(Guru-
saala/mina) Duryodhana was sacrificed.In Jerusalem
Christ/kratu(sacrifice,Vishnu) was sacrificed.
The yajas/sayas/nakshatras were fixed to the lunisolar
cycles to make them perpetual,celebrating every
month/every year.
For example caturthi(king+ foot/food;pa-

asana;padma;panca;sinha) and ekadasi(aga -cup-

aja/bharata/sarabha/naama/rama + dasa) are

celebrated everymonth being favourite dates of
agni/king/Vishnu as hieroglyphically these indicate the
king.Thus, one of the applications of the script in fixing
religious rituals become very clear.

Adhvara/asvina/soma , , , , ,
(aja-vara/paada)/varaha was called by various names like

Dasaraja /Dasaratha /mahaavira (jina)/vrata

(dharma)/manu , , (cf.manava/
maapana/pavamaana/ dasapavitra) etc.
Manu(nR/nara/sanu/sun)-sha(khaga/sura/lord) is Agnesa/
Ganesa/bhusura/bharata/purusha/vrisha/brahmana.He is
melek and his land is Meluhha/Matsya/Mathura/ Kosala/
Kurukshetra/ Dharmakshetra/Egypt/Sinai/Judea/
Jerusalem etc.The Shu-ilishu-the translator’s seal clearly
ahows that Meluhha is Bharata indicated by the
King(nR/melek) and the sarabha(Rsya-hariNa-aja-
deer;cf.RsyasRnga-rajyasRnga-king)
indicating Bharata/Rashtra/rajya/bhaasha etc.
Caturthi is the 4th lunar date and caturdasi the 14th
lunar date.
Hindus/Jains have special significance for these days.
Vinayaka/Ganesa caturthi and Ananta Caturdasi are
important religious dates of utsava(festival) or
vrata(vow,religious law,dharma).

Now,Narayana , , , , (Vishnu) is Ma ,
(Ra-agni,gold/naara-water,people/nR-king/maana-altar)-
aasa(seat,face)/ ayana(refuge)→ nayana (eye)/ netra
(king,sacrifice,eye)/Indra(king,god)→nii(to lead). Bhagavan

(god)→Maghavan(Indra)→Raghavan(Rama)→

Madhavan(Krishna) etc.Bhadra (king,bull)→

Bharata/Bhiima M-306 (king,fire)→

vrata (vow,dominion,law)→ vrisha ,

(bull,Indra,mouse-vehicle of Ganesa)→ sarpa(darbha/
bhadra/cakra/varsha). Agna(fire;aga-sun)→aja
(king,Indra,Vishnu,father of Dasaratha,Aries)→
naga(sun,snake,hill,tree)→gana(group)→jana(people)→

jala , (naara-sara-ka-ma-water,miira-sea,mina-
Pisces,taala-pal,saala-hall,house) →jina(sun,scholar).
Agnesa(fire god)→Ganesa→janesa(lord of people).

Ganesa’s worship day is the caturthi.Surya(sun)→turya ,

→Durga(bhadra/virgin/fort) is dhurya (bull). Sunya

, -bhadra(king,head,bull,gold,girl,cipher) is
surya(sun).Bhadraasana/sinhaasana/Ajiigarta/garuda/kiriiTa

, , , , , , ,

, , , is the fish/Kasyapa , with

bhadra + four legs(aasana-seat/aasthaana , -

capital with cap).

The fish is a sunya /surya/ra/ma/nR on aasana/paada ,

making padma/bhadra/panca/ vasna/Vishnu/ Narayana/
raajadhaani/ masta/dasma/matsa in
Kosala,Kurukshetra,Jerusalem-
. .

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Im
mersion-de-Ganesh.jpg/240px-Immersion-de-Ganesh.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anant_Chaturdashi

Did The Harappans Observe Ananta Caturdasi Vrata ?

The bhadrapad sukla caturdasi / Ananta
caturdasi/Ganapativisarjana is the day of immersion of
Ganesa idols in water.

Narayana(Vishnu/Yajamana/dasma)→caturdasi(matsa-
dasam-10 + 4→14)

Aga , , , , , , , , , -
agna→aja→aha→kara→giri→guru→kusa→kosa→gaja→goza
→sikha→hari(srii,Indra,snake,asva,man).

Man+vetra /patra /paatra /kara/hari/guru-

saala→jar+kuTara
→hotR/potR/satra/hotra→bharata→hosanna→udaya.

kharjura , , →palm→kara→hari→hala
Raghavan→bhagavan→maghavan
Daasaraja/Daasaratha→dhiivara(fisherman;dhii-vara→

great scholar)→tiivra(siva)→iisa→aja →usha(dawn).

man(ra/ma)+aja/sarabha →man+patra/vetra ,
→king →man+aga(aja) →Dasaraja→ekadasi(daasa

+aga/aja ;favourite of Vishnu as it is king).

usra(sun)→drava →vetra/yashTi →patra

→bhadra/Indra/netra(king).

triNa , →netra→indra→mitra.

Udaya→suya→ ayudha → Judea→Ayodhya→

→Kurukshetra→maana→soma→naara→niira →siira
→hala(Hali ,Vrikodara/raaja/iisa/Raama )→

kara →kala→gala→garja→garta→kaNTha

(throat)→kuNDa , (maana-altar,firepit)→kunta
(spear)→kunda(Vishnu).

Rasmi (ray)→ ratna (gem)→ rasana

(tongue,vac,bhasha-language)→ netra ,
(king,eye,sacrifice)→ indra→suna (auspicious,Indra,
dog;soma-sun,king,moon;jana-people) →
Sunasepha(sunadeva/somadeva)→
Ajiigarta , (father of Sunasepha)→Rohitasva(son of
Hariscandra;red rising sun) →Duryodhana(Kaurava
king)→suryodaya(sunrise)→arkodaya(agodaya-sunrise)

, →ardhodaya(half rise)M1181 ,

M305 (half rise, squatting; gautama seat;

padmaasana , ; bhadraasana

, , ; sinhaasana ;
Ajiigarta) →gautama(go-udaya/sunrise)→matsya (pisces;
ma-king,astya-house)→masta(head) →dasma(lord)→ dasra

(asvin,donkey)→ dasera (camel,fisherman;dhiivara;dhii-

vara→tiivra)→ sarat(year,autumn)→ hrada(pond,ray)→
harta(sun) etc.
Bhadraasana is patra(leaf,wing,writ) on amza(aasana-shoulder)

patra(leaf;svar-sun,sound;sarpa-snake),
bharata(king,fire), bhadra(king,metal,stone,
bull,girl,gold,hill,head,cipher; auspicious), padma
(lotus,palm,srii;pa-king,aasana-seat), panca(five,sara,sinha) ,
vesma(house),vasra(day,house,bull),palm etc.

Kusa and Lava are the sons of Rama (Uttara Kosala and

Dakshina Kosala) or they are one Kusa

(uksha/Rshabha/ Bharata/naga/vana) deva(lava) itself as the
single Kosala(cf.Balabhadra/Vrishni etc.) as avatar of

narayana/rajadhaani , of Aja / Dasaratha /

Ramabhadra/Ramacandra/Bharata.

Pada(Tanka) , →sepha →sapha , , →

sabha(palace)→deva(god)→ veda→vac→
Sarasvati/Bharati→svara(sound,sun,sky)→

adhvara(a-svara)→asvina→aja -vara →yaja→yaga→aga

→aja(Indra,king).
North Kosala was ruled by Lava(rava/nava/naabha/deva/veda)

with Sravasti(cf.Sarasvati) as capital and South Kosala

was ruled by Kusa(aga/aja/naga/uksha/Rshabha/Bharata)

with Kusasthali(kusa-tree,water,snake;sthali-cup,sthala-

place,saala-house,taala-palm , ,taara-star , )

, , , , as capital.The two parts were separated

by the river (vahini/vahni/agni) Sarayu(surya-sun/usra/usha-
dawn).This is Miina /nayana/narayana/
maana(altar,nRsadana)/ naama-gift,name,fame,sectarian mark/
Rama/ raaja(king)/ aja(king,Indra,Aries)/
iisa(lord)/usha(dawn).Uttara Kosala can be
Ganweriwala and Dakshina Kosala,the Kosala on the banks of
the Sarayu.Harappa is Bharata,Mathura is Balabhadra
(Sankarshana),Kosala is Rama,Dvaraka is Krishna.

aga(sun,cup)/ arka(sun,copper)/ Aja(Indra,king,dawn,

Aries;cf.INRI-the king as sacrificial lamb;lamb being substitued

for Isaac etc.Yaga is raja/aja-king)/ Kusa , , /Hastin

, /gaja /naga , , /saya

/Vricaya/caya(kusa-heap , mount,cover;saya-

bed,snake,sex;Cayamaana )/ayas kara

(hand,trunk,ray,tax;Mal.kara-place)/hara (ass,siva,agni)

haraNa(hand) / nagara(city)/ bhuja , (hand)/lava

(tail)/hala(plough) /tala (palm)/pala (weight,time,meat)/

candra (moon)/soma(moon,madya,aum)/viira

(fire,hero,soma) dasa raaja/netra (king,root,beard)

kshetra(temple,body)/bhadra(king,bharata)/Krishna

dharma/droNa/Indra raaja/nagari/lahari/garta/prastha/

Hariscandra/kusa-lava(hari →kusa →snake;candra -

lava)/samraaja(emperor)/somaraja(emperor;moon).
Hariscandra /Ajiigarta is Indra’s throne/Ayas(gold)
karsha(PaNa/SuvarNa/Cow)/ayas karta(kaara- metal worker)

etc. aja(Yaaga) lava-tail/vaala-tail,hair/vaara-week/kesa-

hair/taala-palm/ saala-hall/sadana-house/ satra ( adhvara-

sacrifice/ yaga saala /agaara-house/Vricaya ) with

dasaraja( , , , , , cf.aja-aksha-
hari-netra-viira-Indra,ashTa-8-asta-house → Indraprastha/

Hariprastha K-050 →hu(sacrifice)/go(sun,earth)-

saala(hall)→bhuutala-world→ Kosala→ Dvaraka→ svarga-
heavens→ aakaasa-sky→aga-aasa-the seat of the sun- is
svarga,the seat of agni is yagasala,the seat of king is
Kosala/Indraprastha/Dvaraka/Hastinapura etc.
Hariscandra/Ajiigarta/ Indraprastha/ Dasaraja /Dasaratha
adhvara(sacrifice)/agaara(house)/praasaada(palace)/prastha
(pura-fort)/ palace or seat of king.Placement of the moon in

soma (sky-sara-sira- raja-daksha-desa)-sthaana(position)

with Ra(ra-vi) in aja(Aries,king,Indra)-sthaana(position) make

samraaja in the Hariscandra cakra/garta/ratha(luni-solar

cycle). Yagasaala (go/hu-saala;heavens,kshetra,

church,Durga,prastha,viira-dasa/asta) is nRsadana ,

(king’s residence/palace). Aja(Indra;go-bull/paNa;hu-

sacrifice) being naaga(snake,nagara-city),Taksha(Daksha-
king) Naga was ruler of Indraprastha(nRsaala)/go(akaasa-
sky).

This inscription also relates to Kosala ,Indraprastha

 , Dharmakshetra(Kurukshetra/kashtradharma-duty of
king) etc.

Makha(sacrifice , )→ or Dasa

patra/Dasabhadra/Dasapavitra , /Dasa raja

/Dasaratha ) /magha-makha-suuya-king , (king’s

feast;rajasuuya)/ -aga/Aja/Ajii garta/kusa(tree)/gosa

(myrrh,dawn)/ devadaru(sarala-pine tree;daru-srii-tree is deva)-

lava(leaf;pala;bilva;visva-vishnu)→Kosala →
Indraprastha.

Rshabhan →ra-dhavan/sabha→ bharatan→

raghavan→bhagavan→maghavan(Indra)→mohan(Krishna).

satra , (sacrifice,booth).

, Dharmakshetra(Kurukshetra/kashtradharma-duty of
king) etc.
Dasaratha (Desaraja)/newly anointed king/ Bharata/ Rama/
Maghavan/Raghavan/bhagavan.
Vaara (aha/aga/paada/viira/ra/raaja) , , -vasra(m318a

day,bull,house;vetra-paatra-paana→paala).

Panca , is sinha-hari-leo-deo –the house of the sun

god/Hariscandra/Srii Rama candra.The fifth/pa-house is the
house of the sun/king/maana (altar)/ kesa

(temple)/dhaani , , , (palace;taala , -taara

-dhaana -desa-sthaana-sthaali-raaja-ratha-king,car).It is
the hottest part of the day and the year .Hence it is allocated to

the sun.Nava / phaNa (snake,saya-bed,snake)→vana

, (tree,water,house,PaNa-vishnu,house)→
aga(sun,tree,hill,snake,cup)→ aha(day,vaara-day,cup,arrow)→
makha(sacrifice)→magha(gift,feast;mahaa-
buffalo,cow)→yaaga(sacrifice)→yama(kaala-time,king)→

aja(king,ram,Indra,Aries;usha-dawn)→raaja(king)→raama

→Ramanavami/raajasuuya/inauguration of king/ house of

king /raajadhaani/narayana/nayana/naama/maana/
kesa/kiisa/Durga/kshetra/suryodaya/ sunrise/ / Kasi/ Judea/
Ayodhya/ Duryodhana/Drupada/prabhata/Vrishabha

etc.Maanava (man)→maapana (scale)→pavamaana

, , , (bhasmaka/soma/somapa/
Indra/Hariscandra/Daksha/samrat/maharaja)→ maa-paNa
(great sound, Aum;great house-palace;Pharaoh/prabhu-lord).

The sun in the annual northern course at the dasa/disa ,

, , , of sunrise is the perpetual indicator of the

king/emperor.

NR (aja/king)-saala/dhaana gave the place name for

Irinjalakuda in Kerala.The palm leaf is the symbol of the king
or solar rays.
https://www.academia.edu/31382030/The_Etymology_Of_Irinja
lakuda_-A_Rosetta_Stone_For_The_Indus_Script
Mantra(hymn)→ma(candra/yama/raja/Brahma/Vishnu/Siva)-
Indra(hari)→Harischandra/Bharata(raja-king’s speech)/
Rshi(mantra drashtaa-seer,mantra srishtaa-karta-creator)/
rajarshi(king as sage or king of sages)/ Visvamitra/
Visvanetra(king of the whole world)/bhuu-sura(sun of the
earth)/bhuu-deva(god of the earth)/bhuu-vishnu(sun of the

earth)/go-bindu , , , , (with bindu-third eye on

phaala-head;phaala bhadra ;vaara patra , ;

viirabhadra , , , , , , , , , , ,
 , , , m1224c ,m1224e ;vir.dominus;the

trident is made of vaara -cup+bhadra/vetra/yashTi/ishTi

-line/king/sacrifice making viirabhadra/vritra/indra/lava-

Mal.vel-spear/la/gaja/kusa/kesa-temple/Kosala)/ kalabha ,
(sindura-kumkuma-red dot on forehead)/jina-suura(great
scholar)/vindu(scholar)/vipra(scholar)/jna-scholar/sma-

face)/karabha /gala-pa /naama , , ,

(sectarian mark)/aum (a-u-ma;a-k-na;agna-asmi-

I AM;tatvamasi→tat tvam asi-you are that!).
The vedic mantras begin with aum(agni,I am,nama,rama,rama
naama-name of king,name of bhuusura) itself.
Mantra→vandana(praise)→ maana(altar,naama-aum)-
dhara(bearer)→ bhadra(Mal.bhatta-brahmana)→
bharata(king)→ bhuu-sura(brahmana)→naama-krita(having
naama;agraja-first born,agna-fire,king,brahmana)→
namaskrita(praised, worshipped)→ brahmana → varaha(bull

, hill ,croc ,boar- suukara-sukra -soma-aum

)-nara(man)/ nR(ma/pa/va/bha-king,sun,tiger,bull).They
are melek(king)/sura(sun)/ soma(moon,emperor,rising
sun,madhu)/ king/sun.They could be seen in the early
cultures of Harappa/ Egypt/Sumer/Hattusa/Akkad/ Mitanni/
Judea(cf.David/ Solomon)/ Rome(cf.Christ/Peter) etc.They are
the ancient Great King rulers of the ancient world(Visvamitra/
Visvanetra/ Bharata/Rama/Bhiima/Dharmaputra).They still rule
India as priests of the thousands of temples,as political
leaders,chief administrators in government and private
institutions and organisations etc.Thus the Bharata varsha/
vrata tradition is still preserved from Harappa to the present.

Kalya(dawn) is matsa (Pisces,soma;miina;

nayana;netra;Indra;suna;rasana;vac;asva) and
kanya/durga/uma/usha→bhaasha (language, tongue,

linga,lingua franca)→bharata →veda(deva/rava-

god,sun,sound)→ra/ma -astra/adri →rashTra/Madri

→rajya(country) →ra , (hari)-saya(candra)/Rsya

blk5 / sarabha-deer/ sabara(water,copper,

siva,hand)/sibira(house;ma , /nR-sibira→king’s house;
Mathura/kosala/Indraprastha/Dvaraka/Hastina )/

sabda(paNa-sound,Vishnu)/ sarpa (snake)/sarva(all,visva)/

svar(sun,sky,sound)/bharata(anointed king)→ Hariscandra

/Ajiigarta /aja-garja/king’s speech→ aum →naama

, , →maana (altar,Rama/raja/nR-
king)/nayana(eye,pupil ;Mal.Krishnamani-pupil,Krishna)/
narayana(Vishnu)/rajadhaani(palace;ma-astya ).
Ancient rashTras were known by the bhaasha(language) of
the bharata/jana/jina/kings/people/sun.Thus Bharata being
bhaasha/rashTra/king ,India/Indra/king is called
Bharata/bhadra/Rshabha/bhusura Varsha and its people
Bharatam janam from vedic times

Vrisha , (bull,vrata-fast) can indicate

vrata(dominion,law,fasting).Rasa(soma) is dasa(ten).Aja/agna

is eka / iisa(durga-ashTa-asta-fort)/

sapta(asva/dvija/dhava-lord )/dasa (raaja) also.

Nir(without) -Jala (water;naara/niira/ siira/sara/miina/

maana) , , is nR(king) saala /sadana , ,

/dhaana/garta/sibira(royal camp) and indicate the
yagasaala/ narayana/rajadhaani/the king’s residence. The
ekadasi derives its name from the water-less (Nir-jala) fast

observed on this day.ParNa (leaf,bharaNi-aga-

jar,sun,king,gold-ayas-kumbha , ) is bharaNa(vrata-rule,

law,fast,dominion)/ nripa(king)/ paraNa (crossing,

Passover,breakfast;vaara -tail,viira-agni-king-ra/ma/nR/

rama; nara-water,man,day-aha/aja/adhvara ).Dasra ,

is asvin/ass/garja/satra /garta/saala

/sarat(year)/dasera , (camel,fisherman-dasa-dhiivara-
servant,king;bhRtya-servant;vricaya-viirasaya-vRshaya-
Dasaratha-throne,couch for wounded hero;shelter , , ,

, , , , , , , , , , ).

There are 24 horas(hours) and 24 ekadasis also in a

varsha(year,place,nation;vasra-vaara-day,bull,house).

Their heads adorn a vaara(tail of braided hair) of kesa ,

(hair,vaara) to make bhuusura-sun of the earth/tvisha-

light/ prakaasa-light/vriksha-tree,prakaasa-light/ dvija-droNa-
druma , -dharma/kesava(Vishnu) etc.
Nri(king)-nir(not)-niira(water,madya)-RNa(debt)- etc.

Maanava (man)→maapana (scale)→pavamaana ,

, , (bhasmaka-gold/soma/somapa/
Indra/Hariscandra/Daksha/samrat/maharaja)→ maa-paNa
(great sound, Aum;great house-palace;Pharaoh/prabhu-lord).
Bhaganaama→bhagavan→bhuusura(brahmana, Mal.swami-
ayyar-pattar-lord).

aja(Yaaga) lava-tail/vaala-tail,hair/vaara-week/kesa-
hair/taala-palm/ saala-hall/sadana-house/ satra ( adhvara-

sacrifice/ yaga saala /agaara-house/vricaya ) with

dasaraja( , , , , , cf.aja-aksha-
hari-netra-viira-Indra,ashTa-8-asta-house → Indraprastha/
Hariprastha K-050 →hu(sacrifice)/go(sun,earth)-
saala(hall)→bhuutala-world→ Kosala→ Dvaraka→ svarga-
heavens→ aakaasa-sky→aga-aasa-the seat of the sun- is
svarga,the seat of agni is yagasala,the seat of king is
Kosala/Indraprastha/Dvaraka/Hastinapura etc.

Aja(Indra) →unborn→iisa→usha→a(Vishnu)-

sa(god,bird,snake)→raja(king)→ Rshabha →raasabha

→sarabha , , patra,srava,drava
,sara(srii)-bha(sun,animal)→ sabara(water,copper)→
svar(sun,sound)→adhvara(sacrifice)→ra(agni)-

deva(god)/sabha(palace,group)→ ra/ma/nR+
aja(king)/bhadra/vetra/sabara/mriga(deer,animal;ma-king,gira-
speech)→garima(power)→bharata→Rshabha(bull)-
raasabha(donkey)-sabara)/ makara(croc)/ hariNa(copper,deer)/

nagara(city)→ , , ,
Shu-ilishu translated Bharata
The rollout of Shu-ilishu’s cylinder seal. Courtesy of the
Département des Antiquités Orientales, Musée du Louvre,
Paris.
https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/201402/Shu-ilishus-
Cylinder-Seal.pdf

From cuneiform documents from Mesopotamia we know that

there was at least one Meluhhan village in Akkad at that time,
with people called “Son of Meluhha” living there.
The Meluhhan village in Guabba(cf.Guabba→go-

pa→bharata→rashtra→rajya→Rsya ) was associated

with the temple of Nin-mar.(cf. nin-nun-Miina,mar-nR-ma-
king)
In 2057 BCE, there is a record of grain delivery, the details of
which is described in a tablet of Ur -Lama , a son of
Meluhha(cf.Kosala/Kurukshetra/Jerusalem).
The Meluhhans were specialists in maintaining granaries and
they were great weavers(cf.the granaries and textiles from
IVC).
According to an Akkadian text , Lu-sunzida ‘a man of Meluhha’
paid to Urur, son of Amar-lu-ku 10 shekels of silver as payment
for a tooth broken in a clash. The name Lu-sunzida literally
means ‘Man of the just buffalo cow’(just-dharma,buffalo-
kaasara-kshetra→Dharma Kshetra-Kurukshetra;manusha-
man,mahisha-buffalo;viira bhadra/bhadrasva-

waterbuffalo;Bharata;Bharadvaja cf.
DTIS page 55. Fig.4.4.(a)
k033 yaja-maana/dasma/swami) , a name, which in
Sumerian, “does not make sense in the Mesopotamian cultural
sphere, and must be a translation of an Indian name” (Massimo
Vidale, 2004) http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/
Lu(man;nara/nR)-sunsida (suna-sepha/Hariscandra) indicate a
rajasuuya story.Siva broke the teeth of Pushan as dasma/
masta/matsa is danta(teeth).In the Shu(go)-ilishu(surya) seal
also we can see Hari/nri(king/Indra)+ candra/nanna(moon).
Candra is sa(god,with)-Indra(Hari/Aja/hariNa-deer,copper).

Brihaspati(Dyaus-Jupiter-lord of miina/maana) is
govinda,taaraapati,surapatiguru, tridasaguru, cakshas,
jiiva,jha,guru etc.

Raja/paartha/bharata(king)
is shown carrying Rsya(deer,sarabha /bharata//paatra
/vetra ,drava- )-rajya(nation) and his bhRtya(daasa-

servant,desa-rajya) is shown carrying a vracya

(vaarapaatra-jar with cover/viirabhadra-vir.dominus) .

Shu-ilishu- Meluhha translator translates melek-sarabha-
bharata-bhaasha-svara-aja-usha-rajasuuya-Hariscandra.Thus
it refers to Meluhha/Bharata/Bharata varsha !

Varsha is vara/kara/ghar/desa (rava,cf.Ur)-aja

(Indra,king)/sarabha(deer)/bharata(raja-king,bhaasha-speech) .
The Bharata(sarabha) king’s bhRtya(daasa/desa)/companion
has a vaarapaatra/vricaya to make Bharata desa.Desa is
deha,teja and dasa of the king.
Mriga(deer)/dhara(eNanka) is soma(candra/Nanna)-the moon.

Hari(man)+candra(moon) is Hariscandra .

Rajasuuya , (Hariscandra)→prata(bhaata-dawn)→
bharata(king)→ bhaasa(shine)→ bhaasha(speech)→
deva(suna/sura/bhuusura)→paada(foot,food)→vaaja(food,
water,wing,vac-speech,vasa-house)→ prabhaata(dawn)→
brihas(prakaasa,vriksha)-pati(lord)→
aja→usha→giri→guru→srii→hari→aga→masrana sinhaasana
→hariscandra→ajiigarta

Daasa +raaja → Dasaraaja/Dasaratha/Daasaratha

Meluhha→manu(nri-go-king/mri-bhuu-earth)-
khaga(sura)→bhuusura→bharata→bhaasa→bhaaasha→
pada→veda→deva
ra/ma/nR+ aja/sarabha/srava/svar→bharata raja
The sarabha/Rsya taken like a putra/bhadra/vrata,with the
head held backwards, make bharata/bha-rasa/sibira(satra).
Aja(king,ram,Indra;aga;yaja;saya) is r-aja(king)/bha-aja(sun)
/bhaasha(language)/ va(bull,tiger,hand,river,auspicious)-
aja/vaaja(wing,water,food,wealth)/vaca(speech,sun)/

vasa(house) /pada(foot,word,quarter) etc. m1118

k032 B004 b003 k037

k034 c017 blk5 m274

m253 m223 m237 m1180

m288a
From these images it is clear that the
animal(bha/bhadra/sinha/sarabha/ra) indicate the king/ra-
aga/aja or Rsya(rajya)-pa(king)/go(bull,sun)-pa(leaf,king).

Sarabha→varsha(year,place)→hariNa(deer,copper)→

sabara(water,copper,wicked people)→ arka(sun,copper),

svar(sun,sound).Arka/svarNa are used to praise the
sun/king.Temple vessels/flag masts(garudadhvaja) were made
of gold for this.

m155 Aja(Me-bleat,ram,Indra; mesha-ram;medha-

sacrifice;dhii;srii)/Yaja/Yaga- Hariscandra(hari-aga-
naga,Indra) /Ajii garta/ nRsadana/ kesara/Menaka/hemaka/

gold karsha- aksha/karsha/ahas/aha/ eka/yaga/vetra/

bhadra/paartha/patra;bhadraasana; hari(Aja/aga/gaja/naga) ;

ke- sa- va; ka- sya- pa; ak- shaya

patra(cf.akshaya patra of Pancali).Akshaya is fourth day of

lunar month K50 ac falling on Wednesday or

seventh day H009a of lunar month falling on

Sunday/Monday. m301 Mena-Menaka-Vrishan
asva/hema/Mesha/Kesa/ kasya/ kalya/kanya/
akshaya/Kasi/Varaha etc.

m324a Mena/ kanaka/ hema/kasya/akshaya/

varaha/gaja pura(naaga-nagara)/mahaa bhadra/Aja
Indra/Rajendra/ Ajiigarta/Kendra/candra/kanaka

m324b m283a ashTapada,ashTa

naga,ashTavasu,DurgaashTami etc.

h742b soma/varaha/viirabhadra/bharata/kalabha

M308 bharata/bhiima m639

Narayana/rajadhani/nrisadana/yagasala

vrishabha/bharata- Dasaraja/Dasaratha/
Dasami/Ekadasi→ekadasi vrata? k032

bharata/vrata/pramaana/bhuusura m1118

bharata→ra-astra→rashtra(rajya)→Rsya
(sarabha).

Fish(miina/nayana/maana) →ra , -aasana/ayana ,

→rajan/Dagon→ra-sma →ma-aasana
→rasmi→mitra→ rasana→bhaasha→vac→va/pa-aasa→

ra-astra , ra-saya→Rsya →rajya→raya(rayi-

water,wealth)→srii(sun,speech,fire,wealth).

Sarabha →surabhi(east,gold, sun,Kamadhenu)→

sara/rasa/sura/sira/kara + bha(sun,star;pa/va-king, bull,tiger,

river) , , , →kalabha/naama/raama/raaja .
Raaja(king)→raasa(naada-sound,natha-lord)→

desa(country)→ dasa→daasa→ raasabha → garddabha

→ Rshabha →sarabha →garja →gaja

→kasa(sound,whip,mid)→ kusa(jar,snake,

darbha,tree,house)→kesa (hair,vaara-hair/baala-
hair/paala-king)→kshetra(temple)→ kaasa(light)→kaaca
(scale).

Caturdasi

Vratas (religious vows) and utsavas ,

(celebrations;cf.ratha-car) are an integral part of religious,
cultural and social life of a people.One such vrata is Ananta-
caturdasi vrata, which is celebrated on the caturdasi (14th
day) of the bright fortnight in the month of Bhadrapada
(August- September).
In this vrata, Lord Viṣhṇu is worshiped as Ananta (‘the Infinite
One’).
The Agnipurana gives the mantra to be recited on this
occasion. It is believed that if it is performed regularly for 14
years, one can reach the abode of Vishnu.
In Tamilnadu,everymorning,the women draw the
anantabhadra (kolam,endless knots;ananta-

sky,endless;ananda-happiness;a-vishnu,nanda , -
Sarasvati,panca,sinha,leo,deo;anantasaya-Vishnu ;

jaya-sun,jaaya-wife,saya-sex , ,hand , ,lizard ,

snake , bed ;endless knot is endless marriage or sex) in

front of their houses. It is said to bring happy wifehood for
married women and longevity for their husbands. Ananta
Caturdasi is a festival observed and celebrated by Jains and
Hindus.
Caturthi is the fourth day of the lunar fortnight, while Caturdasi
is the fourteenth. In the normal course, Ananta Caturdasi falls
10 days after Ganesh Caturthi.

The Savitri Caturdasi ,celebrated in Bengal on the JyeshTha

krishna caturdasi day,or the VaTasavitri-vrata ,

M296A (cf.Vishtarasrava-Garudadhvaja

, , -Vishnu) performed in other parts of the

country are meant for the same.Pada-deva-vaTa(Ficus)-
bhadra(bull,king,lord;bhartR-husband,lord;vaTapatra-kesava
). Of all the vratas assigned to caturdasi, the

Anantacaturdasi-vrata (Bhadrapada , , , , ,

, , , sukla caturdasi) is the most important and widely

observed. It is also called 'Anantapadmanabha-vrata'. Lord
Vishnu is believed to have appeared on this day as

Padmanabha lying on the couch of Ananta (the

thousand-hooded serpent).

On this day Lord Ananta Padmanaabha is invoked in a pot

filled with water and decorated with coconut and flowers.
Special puuja(worship,bhoga-snake,food) is performed with
fourteen varieties of dishes.An icon of Ananta naga
manifestation of Vishnu, has to be prepared in

darbha/durva/sarpa/talpa , , , , grass, kept on

a jar , and worshipped. A thread dyed in saffron

or turmeric called 'doraka'-with 14 knots (symbolizing the
fourteen worlds created by God) is to be offered to Ananta with
a mantra/ maṇḍala (ritual diagram) and then worn. Women
wear it on the left wrist and men on the right. It may also be
worn round the neck. Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava , is said
to have observed this vrata for 14 years on the advice of
Krishna, to overcome all his diffculties and get back his
kingdom. Another vrata observed on the caturdasi day is the
Vaikuntha-caturdasi vrata during Krittika suklapaksha. The
legend goes that Lord Visvesvara (Siva) established the
Visvesvara linga at Varanasi (Benaras) on this day after a bath
in the Ganga river and observing the Pasupatavrata.
http://www.templesandhra.com/src/culture/FESTIVAL/caturdasi
.htm

Ganesa Caturthi is the birthday of Lord Ganesa on Bhadrapada

Sukla Caturthi,and the day is specially sacred to Lord
Ganesa. The worship of Ganesa continues till Ananta Caturdasi
(Bhadrapada Sukla 14th). The festivities continue for full ten

days(cf.Dasra,Ramanavami etc.) . Thereafter the highly

decorated image made of clay, is carried in big processions
and immersed in sea, river or well.

Ganesa is said to have pronounced a curse on the moon for

mocking him, "Let no one look at your face on my birthday."

Conclusion

From this study it is clear that the Indus script is an integral part
of the religious, cultural and political life of ancient Bharata
varsha.They had trade links with Mesopotamia and were called
Meluhhans,which indicate sailor kings.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankashti_Chaturthi
https://www.academia.edu/31382030/The_Etymology_Of_Irinja
lakuda_-A_Rosetta_Stone_For_The_Indus_Script
https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/201402/Shu-ilishus-
Cylinder-Seal.pdf

http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/

http://www.templesandhra.com/src/culture/FESTIVAL/caturdasi
.htm

http://www.hindunet.org/puja/texts/anant.htm

Acknowledgements
I am extremely grateful to the authors of the works listed
in this work ,which I have used for preparing my articles.
Special mention need be made of Dr.Massimo Vidale ,
Dr.G.Possel,Dr.Bryan wells etc.whose articles I have used for
my study . Without them this paper would not have been
possible.

Vijayabhaarati