Practice Problems Set-3

ME-231A

  
Q1. For the velocity field of V  (u , v)  (U  a1 x  b1 y )i  (V  a2 x  b2 y ) j , Calculate the linear
strain rates in the x- and y-directions and shear strain rate in the xy-plane.

Q2. Consider a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow field in the xy-plane. The linear
strain rate in the x-direction is 2.5 s-1. Calculate the linear strain rate in the y-direction.

Q3. Consider the following steady, three-dimensional velocity field:

   
V  (u , v, w)  (3.0  2.0 x  y )i  (2.0 x  2.0 y ) j  (0.5 xy ) k
Calculate the vorticity vector as a function of space (x, y, z).

Q4. Consider fully developed Couette flow—flow between two infinite parallel plates separated
by distance h, with the top plate moving and the bottom plate stationary as illustrated in Fig1. The
flow is steady, incompressible, and two dimensional in the xy-plane. The velocity field is given by
 y  
V  (u , v)  (V )i  (0) j
h
Is this flow rotational or irrotational? If it is rotational, calculate the vorticity component in the z-
direction. Calculate the linear strain rates in the x- and y-directions, and calculate the shear strain
rate.

Fig.1
Q5. A steady, two-dimensional velocity field is given by
  
V  (u , v )  (2.85  1.26 x  0.896 y )i  (3.45 x  cx  1.26 y ) j
Calculate constant c such that the flow field is irrotational.

Q6. Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/m3 and 20 m/s and leaves at 0.762 kg/m3 and 150 m/s.
If the inlet area of the nozzle is 60 cm2, determine (a) the mass flow rate through the nozzle, and
(b) the exit area of the nozzle.
Q7. Three pipes steadily deliver water at 20°C to a large exit pipe in Fig. 2. The velocity V2 = 5
m/s, and the exit flow rate Q4 = 120 m3/h. Find (a) V1; (b) V3; and (c) V4 if it is known that
increasing Q3 by 20% would increase Q4 by 10%.

Fig.2

Q8. A tank (as shown in figure 3) of 0.05 m3 volume contains air at 800 kPa (absolute) and 15oC.
At t = 0, air begins escaping from the tank through a valve with a flow area of 65 mm2. The air
passing through the valve has a speed of 300 m/s and a density of 6 kg/m3. Determine the
instantaneous rate of change of density in the tank at t = 0.

Fig.3

Q9. In the incompressible flow through the device shown in figure 4, velocities may be considered
uniform over the inlet and outlet sections. The following conditions are known: A1 = 0.1 m2, A2 =
0.2 m2, A3 = 0.15 m2, V1 = 10e-t/2 m/s, and V2 = 2cos(2πt) m/s (t in seconds). Obtain an expression
for the velocity at section 3. What is the total mean volumetric flow at section 3?

Fig.4

Q10. Water flowing through an 8-cm-diameter pipe enters a porous section, as in Fig. 5, which
allows a uniform radial velocity vw through the wall surfaces for a distance of 1.2 m. If the entrance
average velocity V1 is 12 m/s, find the exit velocity V2 if (a) vw 15 cm/s out of the pipe walls; (b)
vw 10 cm/s into the pipe. (c) What value of vw will make V2 9 m/s?
 Fig.5

Q11. Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an average speed of 4 m/s at a rate of 500 m3/s at a
location 70 m above the lake surface. Determine the total mechanical energy of the river water per
unit mass and the power generation potential of the entire river at that location.

Fig.6
Q12. Water is flowing through a pipe of 5 cm diameter under a pressure of 29.43N/cm2 (gauge)
and with mean velocity of 2.0m/s. Find the total head or total energy per unit weight of the water
at a cross-section, which is 5m above datum line.

Q13. The air velocity in the duct of a heating system is to be measured by a Pitot-static probe
inserted into the duct parallel to the flow. If the differential height between the water columns
connected to the two outlets of the probe is 2.4 cm, determine (a) the flow velocity and (b) the
pressure rise at the tip of the probe. The air temperature and pressure in the duct are 45°C and 98
kPa, respectively.

Q14. A piezometer and a Pitot tube are tapped into a 4-cm diameter horizontal water pipe, and the
height of the water columns are measured to be 26 cm in the piezometer and 35 cm in the Pitot
tube (both measured from the top surface of the pipe). Determine the velocity at the center of the
pipe.

Q15. A U-tube acts as a water siphon. The bend in the tube is 1 m above the water surface; the
tube outlet is 7 m below the water surface. The water issues from the bottom of the siphon as a
free jet at atmospheric pressure. Determine the speed of the free jet and the minimum absolute
pressure of the water in the bend.
 Fig.7
Q16. Water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 300mm and 200mm at the bottom and upper
end respectively. The intensity of pressure at the bottom end is 24.525N/cm2 and the pressure at
the upper end is 9.81 N/cm2. Determine the difference in datum head if the rate of flow through
pipe is 40lit/s.

Fig.8

Q17. A pressurized tank of water has a 10-cm-diameter orifice at the bottom, where water
discharges to the atmosphere. The water level is 2.5 m above the outlet. The tank air pressure
above the water level is 250 kPa (absolute) while the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Neglecting
frictional effects, determine the initial discharge rate of water from the tank.

Fig.9
Q18. A 45° ̊ reducing bend is connected in a pipe line, the diameters at the inlet and outlet of the
bend being 600 mm and 300 mm respectively. Find the force exerted by water on the bend if the
intensity of the pressure at the inlet to bend is 8.829 N/cm2 and rate of flow of water 600 lit/s.

Fig.10
Q19. A 300 mm diameter pipe carries water under a head of 20 meters with a velocity of 3.5 m/s.
if the axis of the pipe turns through 45 ̊, find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force at
the bend.

Fig.11
Q20. A nozzle of diameter 20mm is fitted to a pipe of diameter 40mm. Find the force exerted by
the nozzle on the water which is flowing through the pipe at the rate of 1.2 m3/minute.

Fig.12
Q21. The pipe flow in Fig.13 fills a cylindrical surge tank as shown. At time t = 0, the water depth
in the tank is 30 cm. Estimate the time required to fill the remainder of the tank.

Fig.13

Q22. The open tank in Fig.14 contains water at 20°C and is being filled through section 1. Assume
incompressible flow. First derive an analytic expression for the water-level change dh/dt in terms
of arbitrary volume flows (Q1, Q2, Q3) and tank diameter d. Then, if the water level h is constant,
determine the exit velocity V2 for the given data V1 = 3 m/s and Q3 = 0.01 m3/s.

Fig.14

Q23. An incompressible fluid flows past an impermeable flat plate, as in Fig.15, with a uniform
inlet profile u = U0 and a cubic polynomial exit profile
 3   3 
u U 0   where η = y/δ
 2 
 
Compute the volume flow Q across the top surface of the control volume.
 Fig.15
Q24. Water flows in a circular pipe. At one section, the diameter is 0.3 m, the static pressure is
260 kPa gauge, the velocity is 3 m/s and the elevation is 10 m above ground level. The elevation
at a section downward is 0 m, and the pipe diameter is 0.15 m. find the gauge pressure at the
downstream section. Frictional effects may be neglected. Assume density of water to be 999 kg/m3.

Q25. What force components Fx and Fy are required to hold the black box shown in Fig. 16
stationary? Assume no mass to be accumulated inside the black box and all pressure are zero
gauge.

Fig.16