DC Machines & Synchronous Machines 10EE54

Assignment Questions:
Unit-1: DC Generator:

1. Explain with a neat sketch, the construction of a D C machine.

2. What is the difference between lap type and wave type of armature winding
3. Derive from first principals and expressions for the induced emf of a dc generator.
4. Explain with neat sketches, the basic action of a commutator.
5. With neat diagrams explain the phenomenon of armature reaction in a D C machine and
6. Explain how this effect can be neutralized by using interpoles.
7. Develop an expression for demagnetizing and cross magnetizing Armature Amp-turns dc
Generators.
8. Explain the functions of interpoles in a DC machine.
9. Define Reactance voltage. What is its effect? Why it is necessary to neutralize it?
10. Explain why compensating winding is used in a DC machine.
11. Expalin why the voltage drop due to load in s DC separately excited generator is less than that
in a DC generator.
12. Explain the critical field resistance in a d.c.shunt generator and the method of determining it.

UNIT-2: DC MOTOR:
1. Explain the significance of back emf in dc motor.
2. Derive the torque equation of a dc motor. And discuss T v/s Ia and N v/s Ia
Characteristics of dc motor.
3. Explain i) Characteristics of DC Shunt Generator
ii) Characteristics of DC Shunt Motors
4. Derive the expression for electromagnetic torque developed in a DC motor.
5. Sketch and explain the speed current, speed torque and torque current characteristics of a DC
motor.
6. Explain the suitability of a DC series motor for Traction.
7. What is saturation? How it can affect the performance of a DC motor.
8. Explain the operation of a Three point Starter with a neat sketch.
9. Why a DC series motor cannot be started on no load?
10. Derive the torque equation of a DC motor.

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DC Machines & Synchronous Machines 10EE54

Unit 3 and 4: Losses, Efficiency& Testing of Dc Machines

1. Explain Swinburne’s test for finding the efficiency of a D.C. machine. Can this method
Applicable to d.c. series motors.
2. Describe Hopkinson’s test in detail with its advantages disadvantages.
3. How the efficiency of each machine on full load is obtained from the regenerative test ?
4. Describe the retardation test as applied to the d.c. shunt machines.
5. How can stray losses of machine be determined with the help of a retardation test with and
Without the knowledge of moment of inertia.
6. What is the method available for testing d.c. series motor? Explain it in detail.
7. Explain how you will obtain efficiency of d.c. machine by field’s test.
8. The Hopkinson’s test on two shunt machines gave the following results for full-load: Line
Voltage = 250 V; current taken from supply system excluding field current = 50 motor
Armature current = 380 A; field currents 5A and 4.2 A. Calculate the efficiency of the
Machine working as a generator. Armature resistance of each machine is 0.02ohm

Unit-5: SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

1. Explain in detail the constructional features of a three phase alternator.
2. Discuss the advantages of rotating field type of alternators.
3. List the difference between salient type and non-salient type of rotor construction.
4. 4. Establish the relationship between the number of poles, frequency and the synchronous
speed for a three phase alternator.
5. Establish the working principle of a three phase alternator.
6. What is difference between degrees mechanical and degrees electrical? Explain.
7. With the help of neat sketches, explain the various types of windings used in alternators.
8. Derive the generalized expression for an induced e.m.f. per phase in three phase alternator,
when coils are not full pitch and concentrated in one slot.
9. Define and state the expressions for,1) Pitch factor 2) Distribution factor
10. Derive the expressions for the pi tch factor and Distribution factor.
11. Briefly explain the significance of chording and distribution factors. Develop the emf
12. Equation for a synchronous generator having fractional pitch and distributed windings.
13. Explain the methods adopted to eliminate harmonics in the voltage in an alternator

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DC Machines & Synchronous Machines 10EE54

14. A 3Φ, 50 Hz, star connected salient pole alternator has 216 slots with 5 conductors per slot.
All the conductors of each phase are connected in series; the winding is distributed and
full pitched. The flux per pole is 30 mwb and the alternator runs at 250 rpm. Determine the
phase and line voltages of emf induced.
15. A 3Φ, 16 pole, star connected salient pole alternator has 144 slots with 10 conductors per slot.
The alternator is run at 375 rpm. The terminal voltage of the generator found to be 2.657 kV.
Dteremine the frequency of the induced emf and the flux per pole.
16. A 4 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz, star connected alternator has 60 slots with 4 conductors per slot. The
coils are short pitched by 3 slots. If the phase spread is 600, find the line voltage induced for a
flux per pole of 0.943 wb.

Unit 6 : Voltage Regulation

1. Which are the various parameters of an armature winding of a synchronous generator? Draw its
equivalent circuit.
2. Explain the effect of armature reaction on the performance of an alternator. How it depends on
the load p.f.? Explain with suitable diagrams.
3. What is armature reaction reactance? Explain.
4. Explain the concept of synchronous reactance and impedance.
5. State the voltage equation of an alternator and explain each term in it.
6. Derive an expression for the induced e.m.f. in an alternator in terms of terminal voltage, p.f.
and armature, from the phasor diagram.
7. What is voltage regulation? How it is defined for an alternator.
8. Explain the direct loading method determining the regulation of an alternator.
9. What is potier reactance? Now it is determined by potier triangle? How it is used to determine
regulation?
10. Write a note on armature reaction in alternators.
11. Write a note on MMF method of predetermining the regulation.

Unit 7: Synchronization of Alternators

1. Derive an expression for power developed in a salient pole synchronous generator.

2. What are the conditions to be satisfied before a 3 phase alternator is synchronized to
Infinite Bus bars?

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DC Machines & Synchronous Machines 10EE54

3. Describe a method of synchronizing the 3 phase alternator to the infinite bus giving the
relevant circuit diagram.
4. Describe a method of synchronizing a 3 phase synchronizing machine to the infinite bus bars
two bright one dark lamp method with relevant circuit diagram.
5. Discuss the effect of speed-load characteristics of the prime movers on the load sharing of
two alternators connected in parallel.
6. Derive an expression for power developed in a non-salient pole alternator.
7. Write a note on synchronizing power on no load and on load.
8. Discuss the factor on which the division of load between two alternators take place when they
are working in parallel.
9. Describe Slip test and explain how the reactance are calculated using it.
10. Draw and explain the phasor diagram for a salient pole alternator based on two reaction

Unit 8: Synchronous Motors

1. Explain the construction features of the synchronous motor.

2. Why synchronous motors are not self-starting ? Explain.
3. What are the various methods of making synchronous motors self-starting.
4. When loaded, does the speed of the synchronous motor changes? if not, explain how the
Synchronous motor reacts for the changes in the load condition .
5. Explain the effect of variable excitation on the behavior of the synchronous motor under
constant condition.
6. What is synchronous condenser? Explain with the phasor diagram.
7. State the various application areas of the synchronous motor.
8. Write a note on damping windings in synchronous machine.
9. Explain the methods of starting the synchronous motor.
10. Write a note on hunting in synchronous motor.
11. Derive an expression for the power developed per phase of a synchronous motor.
12. Derive an expression for the maximum torque developed by the synchronous motor.

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