Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology

Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 1 of 11

AIM: To determine impact strength of steel and to find its strain energy of failure.
 Impact Strength
 Strain Energy To Failure

APPARATUS:

Impact testing machine, mild steel specimen.

THEORY:

An impact test signifies toughness of material i.e. ability of material to absorb energy
during plastic deformation. Static tension test of unnotched specimen do not always reveal
the susceptibility of the material to brittle fracture. This important factor is determined by
impact test. Toughness takes into account that both the strength and ductility. Several
engineering materials have to withstand impact or suddenly applied load when in service
Impact strength is generally lower as compared to strength achieved under solely applied
loads of all types of impact test. The test measures the notch toughness of material under
shock loading. Values obtained from these tests are not of much utility to design
problems directly and highly arbitrarily. Still it is important to note that it provides, a good
way of comparing toughness of various materials or toughness of same material under
different conditions. This test can also be used to access the ductile-brittle transition
temperature of material occurring due to lowering of temperature.

1. IMPACT TEST: This test is used to determine the behavior of the materials when
subjected to high rates of sudden loading, usually in bending, tension or torsion.
It measures the energy absorbed in breaking the specimen by a simple blow or
impact.

1.1 CHARPY IMPACT TEST: it is pendulum typo single blow impact test, in which the
specimen is supported at both ends as simple beam, and broken by falling pendulum
on the face opposite to and immediately behind the notch, The energy absorbed as
determined by the subsequent rise of the pendulum is the measure of the impact
strength or notch toughness and is expressed in Nm/m3.

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

LAB ASSISTANT LAB INCHARGE H.O.D

 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 2 of 11

1.2 IZOD IMPACT TEST: it is pendulum type single blow impact test, in which the
specimen is fixed at one end and broken by a failing pendulum. The energy absorbed as
measured by the subsequent rise of the pendulum is the measure of impact strength or
notch toughness. The impact strength is expressed as Nm.

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

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 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 3 of 11

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

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 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 4 of 11

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

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 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 5 of 11

CHARPY NOTCHED IMPACT TEST

To determine the notched beam impact strength of steel, three types

of notches are used i.e.
(i) V notch
(ii) U notch
(iii) Key hole notch.
The test piece should be machined all over and 55mm long and of
square cross section with 10mm sides. The notch is made at the
centre of the test specimen. The plane of the symmetry of the
notch should be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the notch
from ends of test piece shall be 27.5 ± 0.42 mm and the angle
between the plane of symmetry of the notch and the longitudinal axis of
the test piece shall be 90 ± 2.
The notch should be prepared carefully by any machining method like
milling, shaping but no grooves should be visible to the naked eye. The
test piece should lie squarely against the supports with plane of
symmetry of the notch within 0.5mm of the plane midway between
them. It should be struck by the hammer in the plane of symmetry of
the notch and on the side opposite to the notch. The speed of striking
should be 5m/s to 5.5m/s. the centre of percussion should be at the
point of impact of the hammer. The accuracy of graduations on the
scale should be ±0.5% of the maximum capacity of the machine.
Generally, the maximum capacity of the machine is 300Nm.

IZOD IMPACT TEST

Test piece of square cross section is used for this test. The specimen
may have single, two, three notches. In each case plane of
symmetry of notch is kept perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
test piece. The surface of the specimen should be smooth and free
from grooves running parallel to the plane of symmetry of the notch
The centre of percussion shall at the point of the impact of the
hammer. The accuracy of the graduations scale of the machine shall
be ±1.4Nm. The angle between the plane of symmetry of notch and
the axis of the test piece should be 90±2. The longitudinal axis of the
test piece should lie in the plane of swing of the centre of gravity of the
PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

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 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 6 of 11

hammer. The notch shall be positioned so that its plane of symmetry

coincides with the top face of the grips. The notch shall be at the
right angle to the plane of swing of centre of gravity of the hammer.
During the testing three notch test pieces the material remaining for
testing after each lost shall be examined to ensure that the correct
length of test piece is available above the next notch and any
undesirable deformed metal shall be removed to ensure the form
and correct length of the test piece.

OBSERVATION TABLE FOR CHARPY TEST:

SNO INITIAL ENERGY RESIDUAL ENERGY ENERGY ABSORBED

(Nm) (Nm)
(Nm)
1.
2.

MATERIALOF TEST PIECE

TYPE OF NOTCH
DIMENSION OFTEST PIECE

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 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 7 of 11

RESULT: MEAN VALUE OF IMPACT STRENGTH = (Nm)

CHARPY TEST

PRECAUTIONS: -

1. Hold the specimen firmly.

2. Don't stand in front of machine.
3. Release the lever carefully after checking.

PROCEDURE

1. Check out the zero error.

2. With the striking hammer in safe rest position (85 9) firmly hold the steel
specimen in impact testing machine vice in such a way that the notch
faces the hammer and is half inside and half above the top of the
PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

LAB ASSISTANT LAB INCHARGE H.O.D

 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 8 of 11

surface of the vice.

3. Bring the hammer to its top sinking position unless it is always there,
and lock it at that position.
4. Release the hammer. It will fall due to gravity and break the specimen
through out its momentum. The total energy is not absorbed by
specimen. Then it is continuous at its top most height after breaking
the specimen. The indicator slops moving while the pendulum falls
back. Note the indicator reading at that top most final position.
5. Impact strength of the test piece is the difference of the initial
energy stored in the hammer and the residual energy.

OBSERVATION TABLE FOR IZOD TEST;

S.NO INITIAL ENERGY S.NO INITIAL ENERGY

(Nm) (Nm)
1. 1.
2. 2.

MATER1ALOF TEST PIECE

TYPE OF NOTCH
DIMENSION OF TEST PIECE
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 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 9 of 11

RESULT: MEAN VALUE OF IMPACT STRENGTH =------------------------(Nm).

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

LAB ASSISTANT LAB INCHARGE H.O.D

 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 10 of 11

IZOD TEST

PRECAUTIONS: -

1. Hold the specimen firmly.

2. Don't stand in front of machine.
3. Release the lever carefully after checking.

PROCEDURE (IZOD TEST): -

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

LAB ASSISTANT LAB INCHARGE H.O.D

 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Chandigarh-Patiala Highway, Sector-8, Ramnagar, Banur, District Patiala (Pb.)

SOM-305 Page 11 of 11

1. Place the specimen in the vertical position having its one end fixed like cantilever and notch
towards the striking hammer. In this case the angle of the hammer with the vertical axis of 85°.
2. Procedure for conducting the test is same as that of CHARPY TEST.

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY EFFECTIVE DATE

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