AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

CHAPTOR 1 - INTRODUCTION
 BACKGROUNG OF THE STUDY

 NEED AND CRITERIA OF SELECTION

 HYPOTHESIS

 OBJECTIVES

 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

 METHODOLOGY

HYGIENE MAINTAINECE THROUGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND DETAIL

 AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Anosocomial infection — also called “hospital acquired infection” can be defined as: An
infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that
infection

An infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the
infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infections
acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infections
among staff of the facility.

An infection in a hospital which leads to improper hygiene generally occur through -

Figure1. 1 Transmission of infection

WHAT IS HYGIENE?
Hygiene is a set of practices performed for the preservation of health .According to
the world health organisation (WHO) , Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that
helps to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.

HYGIENE MAINTAINECE THROUGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND DETAIL

 AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

The fundamental of hygiene control depends on the various measures ,in which hierarchy
is :

Figure1. 2 Measures of hygiene control

1.2 NEED AND CRITERIA OF SELECTION

There is a list of fact which emphasis the need for the study of hospital hygiene-

 At any given time, about 1 in every 20 inpatients has an infection related to

hospital care.
 Hospital Acquired Infections kill more people than breast cancer, AIDS, and
automobile accidents combined.
 It is well established that the hands of HCWs are the principal cause of
transmission of infection from patient to patient.
 According to a study done by JAMA Internal Medicine in 2012, an estimated $9.8
billion is spent annually in order to treat the five most common infections picked up
in the hospital.
 This death rate from nosocomial infections equals a 9/11 every eleven days.
 One study showed that when a nurse walks into a room occupied by a patient with
MRSA and has no patient contact, but touches objects in the room, the nurse's
gloves are contaminated 42 percent of the time when leaving the room.
 In 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that 72 percent of
physicians use smartphones. Nurses aren't far behind, with 71 percent using
smartphones on the job.
 In the US, approximately 18,650 persons die during a hospital stay related to
serious MRSA infections annually.

HYGIENE MAINTAINECE THROUGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND DETAIL

 AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

 The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there are 1.7 million
infections resulting in approximately 99,000 deaths annually in the United States,
making healthcare-associated infections the fourth leading cause of death.
 There has been a 20 percent decrease in infections related to the 10 surgical
procedures tracked in the CDC Progress Report between 2008 and 2012.

1.3 HYPOTHESIS
Hygiene can be maintained in the hospital through architectural design and detail.

1.4 OBJECTIVES
1.4.1 To study introduction to hospital design.
1.4.2 To study parameters to control hygiene in the hospital.
1.4.3 To study and analyse the case examples on the basis of the parameters.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The research lays emphasis on the study of hygiene maintenance in more than 100
bedded hospital.

The study will be limited to only two controlling measures which are environmental control
and respiratory protection measures (i.e. Architectural design and Detail).

HYGIENE MAINTAINECE THROUGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND DETAIL

 AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

1.6 METHODOLOGY

Selection of topic

Need to study Introduction to topic

Formulation of aims and objectives

Scope and Limitations

Objectives and Scope

To study the parameters to control hygiene in hospital

- Personal - Book
Observations
Data Collection
- Case Studies -- Online Data

Data Identification and Collection

Synthesis of data

Analysis of data and case studies

Data synthesis and analysis

Conclusions and Recommendations

HYGIENE MAINTAINECE THROUGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND DETAIL