Comparison Chart

(CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, RADIATION)

BASIS FOR CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION

COMPARISON
Meaning Conduction is a Convection refers Radiation alludes
process in which to the form of heat to the mechanism
transfer of heat takes transfer in which in which heat is
place between energy transition transmitted
objects by direct occurs within the without any
contact fluid physical contact
between objects.

Represent How heat travels How heat passes How heat flows
between objects inthrough fluids. through empty
direct contact. spaces.
Cause Due to temperatureDue to density
difference. difference. Occurs from all
objects, at
temperature
greater than 0 K.
Occurrence Occurs in solids, Occurs in fluids, by Occurs at a
through molecular actual flow of distance and does
collisions. matter. not heats the
intervening
substance
Transfer of heat Uses heated solid Uses intermediate Uses
substance. substance. electromagnetic
waves.
Speed Slow Slow Fast
Law of reflection Does not follow Does not follow follow
and refraction
CONCLUSION
Thermodynamics is the study of heat transfer and the changes related to it.
Conduction is nothing but the heat transfer from the hotter part to the colder one.
Convection is the heat transfer by up and down motion of the fluid. Radiation
occurs when heat travels through empty space.
 Comparison Chart
(SPEED, VELOCITY & ACCELERATION)

BASIS FOR SPEED VELOCITY ACCELERATION

COMPARISON
Meaning Refers to the Refers to the Alludes to any
distance covered by displacement of the change in the velocity
an object in unit object in unit time. of the object with
time. Implies the speed of respect to time.
The distance an object, in the Implies any change
covered by the body given direction. in the velocity of the
in a given interval The displacement object with respect to
of time of the something in time.
a definite time
Determines How fast something In which direction How fast the moving
is moving? something is object's velocity
moving? changes with time.
Quantity Scalar quantity Vector quantity Vector quantity
Indicates Rapidity of the Rapidity and
object. position of the
object.
Rate of Rate of change of Rate of change of Rate of change of
distance displacement. velocity.
Moving object Speed of moving Velocity of moving
object can never be object can be
negative. positive, negative or
zero.
Formula Average Speed = Average Velocity = Average
Total distance Displacement / Acceleration=
travelled / Time Time taken Velocity/time
taken
Unit of m/s , km/h m/s (m/s2)
measurement

Similarities
 Both velocity and acceleration are vector quantities, which have both magnitude
and direction. ( Velocity and Acceleration)
 Both the expressions can be positive, negative and zero. ( Velocity and
Acceleration)
 Measures how fast an object is travelling. (Speed and Velocity)
 SI unit is meter/second i.e. m/s. (Speed and Velocity)
Conclusion
 The motion of an object can be explained as distance traveled, which can be
uniform or non-uniform, depending on the velocity of the object. The velocity of
an object is its displacement per unit of time whereas acceleration is the rate of
change of object’s velocity over a period of time.
 Average velocity is always lower than average speed, except when the object is
travelling in a straight line without U-turn, where the magnitude of average
velocity, is equal to the average speed. Further, the velocity of the moving body
changes with the change in direction.
 Comparison Chart
(DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT)

BASIS FOR DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

COMPARISON
Meaning  Refers to the amount of  Refers to the amount of
space between two space between the two
points, measured along points, measured along
the actual path, linking the minimum path
them. linking them.
 The amount of space  he amount of space
between two points, between two points,
measured along the measured along the
actual path, which minimum path which
connects the two points connects them
Quantity Scalar quantity Vector quantity
Time Distance can never decrease Displacement can decrease
with time. with time.
Values Positive Positive, Negative or Zero
Denoted by d s
Formula Speed × Time Velocity × Time

Conclusion

So, with the points mentioned above, you might have understood, the distance and
displacement are not same at all. Distance is the actual length of the path covered
by someone or something, but displacement is the length of the shortest route
between the starting and ending points. So, displacement is either equal to or less
than the distance between two points. Further, the reference point is used in
displacement but not in distance.
 Comparison Chart
(LIGHT WAVES AND SOUND WAVES)

LIGHT WAVES SOUND WAVES

 Electromagnetic wave  Mechanical wave

 Transverse wave  Longitudinal wave
 Does NOT require a medium to travel  Requires a medium to travel through
through  Created by vibrations
 Created by vibrations of electrically  Speed of sound: 343 m/s
charged particles  Above 2o,000 Hz it is Ultrasonic
 Speed of light: 300,000,000 m/s sound
 The amount of space between two  Below 20 Hz it is Infrasonic sound
points, measured along the actual path,  Volume determined by amplitude
which connects the two points  Pitch determined by frequency and
wavelength
 The greater the frequency of
sound wave, the higher the pitch
of sound wave produced.
 Pitch refers to the highness or
lowness of sound
 The pitch sound depends on the
frequency
 Loudness of sound largely
depends on the intensity of sound.
 The greater the amplitude, the
louder the sound produced
 INTENSITY- use to measure of the
energy per unit time transmitted
through a unit area by the sound
wave.
 Intensity levels are expressed in
decibels (dB)

 Electromagnetic waves are considered transverse waves because they have similar
characteristics. They have a crest, trough, wavelength, and amplitude
 Transverse wave- particles move up & down, perpendicular to direction wave is going BACK.
 Longitudinal wave- particle move horizontally along the wave in the direction the wave is moving
BACK.
 REFLECTION - wave bounces back after hitting a barrier; examples: light reflected lets us see it
sound echoes
 REFRACTION - bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another at an angle
(because wave changes speed in a different medium) example: light through a prism (light is
dispersed into separate colors)
 DIFFRACTION bending of waves around a barrier
 INTERFERENCE- two or move waves overlap –
CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE -2 waves overlap crests & troughs, combining both waves’
energy, makes it stronger!
DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE -2 waves overlap one crest on one trough, cancels out each
other’s Energy