CHAPTER - 6

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Questions based on Mean Value Theorem

1. Verify Rolle’s Theorem for each of the following functions:

(a) f ( x )  x 2  x  6 in  2,3 (b) f ( x)  x3  7 x 2  16 x 12 in  2,3

2  
(c) f ( x)   x 1 x  2 in 1,2 (d) f ( x)  sin x  cos x in 0, 
 2

(e) f  x   x3  3 x 2  24 x  80 in  4,5 (f) f  x    x 1 x  2  x  3 in 1,3

2. Discuss the applicability of the Rolle’s Theorem for the following functions on the indicated

intervals:

(a) f ( x )  x 2 3 on  1,1 (b) f ( x )  | x | on  1,1 (c) f ( x) [ x ] on  1,1

3. Using Rolle’s Theorem, find the points on the curve y 16  x 2 , x  1,1 ,where the tangent is parallel

to x -axis.

4. Verify Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem for each of the following functions:

(a) f ( x)  x 2  x 1 in  0, 4 (b) f ( x)  x 2  2 x  4 on 1,5 (c) f ( x)  x3  x 2  6 x on  1,4

1
(d) f  x    x  4  x  6  x  8  in  4,10 (e) f  x   x  in 1,3
x

2
5. (i) Find a point on the parabola y   x  3 ,where the tangent is parallel to chord joining

 3, 0  and  4,1 .

(ii) Use Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem to determine a point P on the curve f ( x )  x  2 defined

on  2,3 , where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the end points of the curve.

1
6. It is given that for the function f  x   x 3  bx 2  ax , x 1,3 Rolle’s theorem holds with c  2  .
3

Find the values of a and b .

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 Questions based on Rate of Change of Quantities

7. Find the points on the curve y 2  8x for which abscissa and ordinate change at the same rate.
2
8. (i) A particle moves along the curve y  x3  1 . Find the points on the curve at which y-coordinate is
3
changing twice as fast as x-coordinate.

(ii) At what points of the ellipse 16 x 2  9 y 2  400 does the ordinate decrease at the same rate at which
the abscissa increases?

Q9. A man 180 cm tall, walks at a rate of 2 m/sec away, from a source of light that is 9m above the

ground. How fast is the length of his shadow increasing when he is 3m away from the base of light?

10. (i) The surface area of a spherical bubble is increasing at the rate of 2cm2 / sec . Find the rate at which

the volume of the bubble is increasing at the instant its radius is 6 cm.

(ii) The radius of a spherical soap bubble is increasing at the rate of 0.2 cm/sec. Find the rate of

increase of its surface area, when the radius is 7 cm.

Q11. The volume of a spherical balloon is increasing at the rate of 25cm3 / sec . Find the rate of change of

its surface area at the instant when radius is 5 cm.

Q12. (i) Sand is being poured onto a conical pile at the constant rate of 50cm3 / min such that the height

of the cone is always one half of the radius of its base. How fast is the height of the pile increasing when

the sand is 5 cm deep.

(ii) A ladder 13 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is dragged away from

the wall along the ground at the rate of 2 m/sec. How fast is the height on the wall decreasing when the

foot of ladder is 5 m away from the wall?

(iii) The area of an expanding rectangle is increasing at the rate of 48cm 2 / sec . The length of the

rectangle is always equal to the square of breadth. At what rate, the length is increasing at the instant when

breadth is 4.5 cm?

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 Questions based on Increasing and Decreasing Functions

13. (i) Show that the function f ( x)  x3  6 x 2 12x 18 is an increasing function on R .

(ii)Show that the function f ( x)  cos 2 x is strictly decreasing on  0 ,   .

 2

14. Find the intervals on which the following functions are (i) increasing (ii) decreasing:
(a) f ( x)  2 x3 15x2  36 x  6 (b) f ( x)  5  36 x  3x 2  2x3

4x2 1
(c) f ( x)  , x 0 (d) f ( x )  2x (e) f ( x)   x  2  e  x
x x 1
3 2
(f) f ( x)   x 1  x  2 (g) f ( x)  x 3 12 x 2  36 x  17

(h) sin x  cos x ; 0  x  2 (i) f ( x )  sin 4 x  cos 4 x in  0 ,  

 2

15. Find the intervals on which the following functions are: (i) increasing (ii) decreasing:
(a) f  x   x 4  8 x 3  22 x 2  24 x  21 (b) f  x   2log  x  2   x 2  4 x 1

x4 2 3 5 2
(c) f  x   5 x 3 15 x 2 120 x  3 (d) f  x    x  x  6x  7
4 3 2
x3 2
(e) Prove that f  x    x  9 x , x 1, 2 is strictly increasing. Hence find minimum value of f  x 
3
.
Questions based on Tangent and Normal

16. Prove that the tangents to the curves y  x 2  5 x  6 at the points (2,0)and(3,0) are at right angles.

x2 y 2
17. Find points on the curve   1 at which the tangents are parallel to (a) x-axis (b) y-axis.
9 16

18. (i) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  5 x  3  2 , which is parallel to the line

4x  2 y  3  0 .

(ii) Find the equation of the normal’s to the curve 3x2  y 2  8 , which is parallel to the line x  3 y  4 .

(iii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x 2  3 y  3 , which is parallel to the line y  4x  5  0 .

 
Q19. (i) Find the equation of tangent to the curve y  x3 1  x  2  at the points where the curve cuts the

x-axis.

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 (ii)Find the coordinates of the points on the curve y  x 2  3x  4 , the tangent at which pass through

the origin.

Q20. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve :


(a) x  sin 3t , y  cos 2t at t  (b) 4 x 2  9 y 2  36 at 3cos  , 2sin  
4

21. (i) At what points on the curve x2  y 2  2 x  4 y 1 0 , is the tangent parallel to the y-axis.

(ii) At what points will the tangents to the curve y  2 x3 15 x 2  36 x  21be parallel to x-axis?

Also, find the equations of tangents to the curve at these points.

22. (a) Show that the curves xy  a 2 and x 2  y 2  2a 2 touch each other.

(b) Show that the curves y 2  8x and 2 x 2  y 2  10 intersects at right angle at the point 1, 2 2  .
(c) Show that the curves 4 x  y 2 and 4 xy  k cut at right angles if k 2  512 .

(d) If two curves y 2  4ax and xy  c 2 interests each other at right angle, show that c 4  32a 4 .


23. (i) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x    sin  , y 1 cos  at   .
4

(ii) Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the curve 16 x 2  9 y 2  144 at  x1 , y1  where,
x1  2 , y1  0 . Also find the points of intersection, where both tangent and normal cut x-axis.

24. Find the points on the curve 4 x 2  9 y 2 1, where the tangents are perpendicular to the line 2 y  x  0 .

25. If the tangent to the curve y  x3  ax  b at (1,  6) is parallel to the line x  y  5  0 , find a and b .

26. Find equation of the tangent to the curve y  4 x3  3x  4 , which are perpendicular to 9 y  x  3  0 .

27. (i) Find equation of normal at a point on the curve x 2  4 y which passes through 1, 2  .

(ii) Find the coordinates of the points on the curve y  2 x2  3x 18 , the tangents at which pass
through the origin.

4 
(iii) Find the equations of tangents to curve 3 x 2  y 2  8 which passes through the point  , 0  .
3 

(iv)Find the value of p for which the curves x 2  9 p  9  y  and x 2  p  y 1 cut each other at right

angles.

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28. Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the following curves at the indicated points:

(a) y  2 x 2  3x 1 at (1,  2) (b) y  x 2  4 x  1 at x  3

x3 x2 y 2
(c) y 2  at (2,  2) (d)  1 at ( a cos  , b sin  )
4x a 2 b2

Questions based on Approximations

29. Using differentials, find the approximate value of the following:

15
(a) 0.037 (b) 0.48 (c) 3
29 (d)  33.1

30. If y  x 4 12 and if x changes from 2 to 1.99, what is the approximate change in the y ?
31. Find approximate change in volume V of a cube of side x meters caused by increasing the side by 2%.
32. If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9 cm with an error of 0.03 cm, find approximating error in
calculating its volume.

Questions based on Maxima and Minima

33. Find the points of local maxima or local minima and the corresponding local maximum and minimum
values of each of the following functions:
(a) f ( x)  2 x  21x2  36 x  20 (b) f ( x)  x4  62 x 2 120 x  9
3 4 45
(c) f ( x)  ( x 1)( x  2)2 (d) f ( x)  x  8x3  x2 105
4 2
 
(e) f ( x)  sin 2 x  x , where  x  (f) f ( x)  2cos x  x , where 0  x  
2 2
34. Find the absolute maximum value and absolute minimum value of the following functions:
x2
(a) f ( x )  4 x  in  2, 4.5 (b) f ( x )  3 x 4  8 x 3  12 x 2  48 x  1in 1, 4
2

35. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following functions:

(a) f ( x)   x  2sin x on  0, 2  (b) f ( x )   sin x  1 cos x  on 0  x  

 2  2


36. (i) Show that f ( x)  sin x 1  cos x  is maximum at x  in the interval 0 ,   .
3

(ii) If the function f  x   2 x 3  9mx 2  12m 2 x  1 , where m  0 attains its maximum and minimum at

p and q respectively such that p 2  q , then find the value of m .

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 Questions based on Maxima and Minima (Word Problems)

37. Show that of all the rectangles of the given area, the square has the smallest perimeter.

38. Of all the rectangles each of which has a perimeter 40 m, find one which has maximum area.

Find the maximum area also.

39. A rectangle is inscribed in a semicircle of radius r with one of its sides on the diameter of the semi-

circle. Find the dimensions of the rectangle, so that its area is maximum. Also find the maximum area.

40. Show that rectangle of maximum area inscribed in a circle of radius r is a square of side 2r

41. Two sides of a triangle have lengths a and b and the angle between them is  . What value of  will

maximize the area of the triangle? Find the maximum area of the triangle also.

42. A wire of length 20 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces will be bent into shape of a square

and the other into shape of an equilateral triangle. Where the wire should be cut so that the sum of the

areas of the square and triangle is minimum?

43. A wire of length 36 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into a square and

the other into a circle. What should be the length of the two pieces so that the combined area of the square

and the circle is minimum?

44. A window is in the form of a rectangle above which there is a semi-circle. If the perimeter of the

window is p cm , show that the window will allow the maximum possible light only when the radius of

the semi-circle is p .
 4

45. A rectangular window is surmounted by an equilateral triangle. Given that the perimeter is 16m ,

find the width of the window so that the maximum amount of light may enter.

46. (i) Find the point on the curve y 2  4 x which is nearest to the point (2,1) .

(ii) Find the point P on the curve y 2  4ax which is nearest to the point 11a , 0  .

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47. Find the point on the curve y 2  2 x which is at a minimum distance from point 1, 4  .

48. A jet of an enemy is flying along the curve y  x 2  2 . A soldier is placed at the point (3, 2) .

What is the nearest distance between the soldier and the jet?

49. Find the largest possible area of a right angled triangle whose hypotenuse is 5 cm long.

50. Show that a right triangle of given hypotenuse has maximum area when it is an isosceles triangle.

51. Show that triangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a given circle is an equilateral triangle.

52. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right angled triangle is given, show that the

area of the triangle is maximum when the angle between them is .
3

x2 y2
53. Find the area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse   1.
a 2 b2
x2 y2
54. Find the maximum area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse   1 , with its vertex at
25 16
one end of the major axis.
55. The lengths of the sides of an isosceles triangle are 9  x 2 ,9  x 2 and 18  2 x2 . Calculate the area of the
triangle in terms of x and find the value of x which makes the area maximum.

56. Find the equation of the line through the point  3, 4  which cuts from the first quadrant a triangle of

minimum area.

57. A closed circular cylinder has a volume of 2156 cu. cm. What will be the radius of its base so that its

total surface area is minimum?

58. Show that a right circular cylinder which is open at top, and has a given surface area, will have

greatest volume if its height is equal to the radius of its base.

59. Show that the right circular cylinder of given volume open at the top has minimum total surface area,

provided its height is equal to the radius of its base.

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60. Prove that the surface area of the solid cuboid, of square base and given volume, is minimum when it

is a cube.

61. An open tank with the square base and vertical sides is to be constructed from a metal sheet so as to

hold a given quantity of water. Show that the cost of the material will be least when the depth of the tank

is half of its width.

62. An open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of sheet of area a2 .

a3
Show that the maximum volume of the box is .
6 3

63. A right circular cylinder is inscribed in a given cone. Show that the curved surface area of the cylinder

is maximum when diameter of cylinder is equal to the radius of the base of cone.

64. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in a cone of height h and semi-

4
vertical angle 300 is  h3 .
81

65. Show that the height of the right circular cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a given

h
right circular cone of height h is .
3

66. Show that the cone of the greatest volume which can be inscribed in a given sphere has an altitude

equal to 2 3 of the diameter of the sphere.

67. Show that the maximum volume of the cylinder which can be inscribed in the sphere of radius 5 3 cm

is 500  cm3 .

68. Show that the height h of a right circular cylinder of maximum total surface area, including the two
 1 
ends that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius ‘ r ’ is given by h2  2r 2 1 .
 5

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69. Show that the height of the cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius

12cm is 16cm .

1
70. A cylindrical vessel of volume 25 cubic meters, which is open at the top is to be manufactured from
7

a sheet of metal. Find the dimensions of the vessel so that the amount of sheet used in manufacturing is

least possible.

71. The sum of the surface areas of a sphere and a cube is given. Show that when the sum of their volumes

is least, the diameter of the sphere is equal to the edge of the cube.

72. A given rectangular area is to be fenced off in a field whose length lies along a straight river. If no
fencing is needed along the river, show that the least length of fencing will be required when length of the
field is twice its breadth.
73. A given quantity of metal is to be cast into a half cylinder with a rectangular base and semi-circular

ends. Show that in order that the total surface area may be minimum, the ratio of the length of the cylinder

to the diameter of its semi-circular ends is  :   2  .

74. A square tank of capacity 250 cubic meters has to be dug out. The cost of the land is Rs. 50 per square

 
meter. The cost of digging increases with the depth and for the whole tank, it is Rs. 400  h2 where h

meters is the depth of the tank. What should be the dimensions of the tank so that the cost is minimum?

75. A closed rectangular box is made of aluminum sheet of negligible thickness and the length of the box

is twice its breadth. If the capacity of the box is 243cm3 , find the dimensions of the box of least surface

area.

76. A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. The total area of the window is

fixed. What should be the ratios of areas of the semicircular part and the rectangular part so that the total

perimeter is minimum.

77. Find the area of the largest isosceles triangle having perimeter 18 m.

78. A cylinder is such that the sum of its height and circumference of its base is 10 m. Find the maximum

volume of the cylinder.

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79. Of all the closed right circular cylindrical cans of volume 128 cm3 , find the dimensions of the can

which has the minimum surface area.

80. A triangular poster with slogan “SAVE GIRL CHILD” is to be made on woman’s day from a circular
sheet of radius r cm. Find the dimensions of triangular poster so that the wastage of paper is minimum.
(i) Write steps to stop the wastage of paper.

(ii) Write the importance of woman empowerment in our society.

81. A wire of length 34 cm is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces will be bent into shape of a
square and the other into shape of a rectangle such that the length of rectangle is twice its breadth. Where
the wire should be cut so that the sum of the areas of the square and rectangle is minimum? Also, find the
minimum area.

82. A manufacturer plans to construct a cylindrical can to hold one cubic metre of liquid. If the cost of
constructing the top and bottom of the can is twice the cost of constructing the curved side. What can be
the dimensions of the most economical can?

x
83. Find the point on the curve y  , where the tangent to the curve has the greatest slope.
1 x 2

84. Tangents to the circle x 2  y 2  4 at any point on it in the first quadrant makes intercepts OA and OB

on x and y axes respectively, O being the centre of the circle. Find the minimum value of  OA  OB  .

85. Find the minimum value of  ax  by  , where xy  c 2 .

86. Find the coordinates of a point on the parabola y  x 2  7 x  2 which is closest to the line y  3x  3 .

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

Rolle’s Theorem

Q1. Verify Rolle’s Theorem for each of the following functions:

   
(a) f  x   cos 2  x   in 0 ,  (b) f  x   sin x  sin 2 x in 0 ,  
 4  2

  sin x
(c) f  x   e x cos x in  x (d) f  x   in  0,  
2 2 ex

m n
(e) f  x   4  x2 in  2, 2 (f) f  x    x  a   x  b in  a , b 

Q2. Using MVT, prove that there is a point on the curve y  2 x 2  5 x  3 between the points

A 1, 0  and B  2 ,1  , where tangent is parallel to the chord AB . Also, find that point.

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Rate of change
Q3. The bottom of a rectangular swimming tank is 25 m 40 m . Water is pumped into the tank at the rate

of 500 m3 / h . Find the rate at which the level of water in the tank is rising.

Q4. (a) A boy is flying a kite at the height of 40m . He is carrying it horizontally at the rate of 3 m / s . At

what rate is the string being pulled out, when the length of the string is 50m ? (Assume that the height of

the kite remains the same and the string is straight.)

2 1
(b) A man, 2 m tall, walks at the rate of 1 m/s towards a street light which is 5 m above the
3 3

ground. At what rate is the tip of his shadow moving? At what rate is the length of the shadow changing

1
when he is 3 m from the base of the light?
3

Q5. If y  7 x  x 3 and x increases at the rate of 4 units per second, how fast is the slope of the curve

changing when x 2 ?

Q6. A spherical ball of salt is dissolving in water in such a manner that the rate of decrease of the volume

at any instant is proportional to the surface. Prove that radius is decreasing at a constant rate.

Q7. Two men A and B start with velocities v at the same time from the junction of two roads inclined at

45° to each other. If they travel by different roads, find the rate at which they are being separated.

Q8. x and y are the sides of two squares such that y  x  x 2 . Find the rate of change of the area of

second square with respect to the area of first square.

Q9. A ladder, 5 meter long, standing on a horizontal floor, leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the

ladder slides downwards at the rate of 10 cm/sec. Find the rate at which the angle between the floor and

the ladder is decreasing when lower end of ladder is 2 metres from the wall.

Q10. Water is running into a conical vessel, 15 cm deep and 5 cm in radius, at the rate of 0.1cm3 / sec .

When the water is 6 cm deep, find at what rate is:

(a) water level rising? (b) water surface area increasing? (c) wetted surface of vessel increasing?

Q11. Water is dripping out at the uniform rate of 1 cm 3 / s through a tiny hole at the vertex of a conical

vessel whose axis is vertical. When the slant height of the water in the vessel is 4 cm, find the rate of

change of :

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 (i) the slant height of the water (ii) the area of water surface,

when the vertical angle is 600 .


Q12. Water is dripping out from a conical funnel of semi-vertical angle at the uniform rate of
4

2 cm2 /sec in the surface area, through a tiny hole at the vertex of the bottom. When the slant height of

cone is 4 cm, find the rate of decrease of the slant height of water.

Q13. Water is dripping out at a steady rate of 4 cu cm/sec through a tiny hole at the vertex of the conical

vessel, whose axis is vertical. When the slant height of water in the vessel is 3 cm, find the rate of

decrease of slant height, where the vertical angle of the conical vessel is 1200 .

Q14. The distance between two parallel sides of a trapezium is increasing at the rate of 5 m/sec. Find the

rate at which the area of trapezium is increasing when parallel sides of the trapezium are 20 m and 10 m.

Approximations

Q15. (a) Using differentials find the approximate value of tan 460 , if it is being given that 10  0.01745

radians.

(b) Given sin 300  0.5 and cos 300  0.866 , using differentials find the approximate value of sin310 .

(use   3.1416 )

(c) tan 1  0.999 

Q16. The side of an equilateral triangle is measured with an error of k%. Find the percentage error in the

area of triangle.

Increasing and Decreasing function

Q17. (a) Find the interval in which the function f  x   5 x 3 2  3 x 5 2 , x  0 is increasing or decreasing.

x
(b) Show that the function f  x    log 1 x  is an increasing function when x  0 .
x 1

(c) Show that f  x   2 x  cot 1 x  log  

1  x 2  x is increasing in R .

(d) Show that for a  1, f  x   3 sin x  cos x  2ax  b is decreasing in R .

(e) Find the interval in which the function f  x   x 4  8 x 3  22 x 2  24 x  21 is strictly increasing or

decreasing.

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 (f) Find the intervals in which f  x   sin 3 x  cos3 x , 0  x   , is strictly increasing or strictly

decreasing.
Tangent and normal

Q18. (i) Find the equation of tangent to the curve y 1  x 2   2  x where it crosses x-axis.

(ii) Find the value of a for which y  x 2  ax  25 touches the x-axis.


Q19. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  cot 2 x  2cot x  2 at x  .
4

Q20. The curve y  ax 3  bx 2  cx  5 touches the x-axis at P  2, 0  and cuts the y-axis at the point Q

where its gradient is 3. Find the equation of the curve.

x
x y 
Q21. Prove that line   1 is tangent to curve y  be , at a point where curve cuts y-axis.
a
a b

n n
x  y x y
Q22. Prove that       2 touches the straight line   2 at  a , b   n .
a b a b

Q23. Find the co-ordinates of the point on the curve x  y  4 at which tangent is equally inclined to

the axes.

Q24. The equation of tangent line at  2,3  on y 2  ax3  b is y  4x  5 . Find a and b .

Q25. Find points on the curve y  2 x 2  3x  5 at which the tangent is inclined at an angle of 450 to x-axis.

 x
Q26. Prove that all the points on the curve y 2  2a  x  a sin  at which the tangent is parallel to the axis
 a

of x lie on the parabola.

x2 y2
Q27. (a) Find the equations of tangent and normal to the curve 2  2  1 at the point
a b
 
2a , b .

(b) Show that the area of the triangle formed by the tangent and the normal at the point  a , a  on

5a 2
the curve y 2  2a  x   x 3 and the line x  2 a is sq. units.
4

(c) Find the angle between the curves x 3  3xy 2  2  0and 3x 2 y  y 3  2  0 .

x2 y2
(d) Find the condition so that the curves 2  2 1and xy  c 2 intersect each other at right angle.
a b

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 (e) Show that the equation of normal at any point on the curve

x  3cos   cos 3  , y  3sin   sin 3  is 4  y cos3   x sin 3    3sin 4 .

(f) Find the abscissa of the point on the curve 3 y  6 x  5 x 3 , the normal at which passes through

origin.

(g) Find equation of normal to the curve ay 2  x3 at the point whose x coordinate is am 2 .

Maxima and Minima

Q28. Find the local maxima or minima (if any) of the function:

 2 2 13
(a) f  x   sin 4 x  cos 4 x , 0  x  . (b) f  x    2 , x  0 (c) f  x    x  1 x  2  , x2
2 x x

Q29. (i) Find the maximum and minimum values of: f  x   sec x  log  cos 2 x  , 0  x  2

1
(ii) If f  x   2
, then find the maximum value of f  x  .
4x  2x 1

Q30. Find the points of local maxima and minima of f  x   4 sin x  cos 2 x , x   0, 2  . Also find the

absolute maximum and minimum values.

Q31. If y  a log x  bx 2  x has its extremum values at x 1 and x  2 , find a and b .

Q32. If f  x   x 3  ax 2  bx  c has a maximum at x  1 and minimum at x  3 . Find a , b , c

ax  b
Q33. If y  has a turning point at P  2 ,  1 , find the values of a and b and show that y is
 x 1 x  4 
maximum at P .

 x 1 x  6  , x 10
Q34. Find the local maximum and local minimum value of f  x   .
x 10

1
Q35. Show that the maximum value of f  x   x  is less than its minimum value.
x

Word problems based on Maxima and Minima

Q36. Show that among all positive numbers x and y with x 2  y 2  r 2 , the sum x  y is largest when

r
x y .
2

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Q37. At what point, the slope of the curve y  y   x 3  3x 2  9 x  27 is maximum? Also find the

maximum slope.

Q38. A straight line is drawn through a given point A 1, 4  . Find the least value of the sum of the

intercepts on the coordinate axes.

Q39. An isosceles triangle of vertical angle 2 is inscribed in a circle of radius a. Show that the area of


triangle is maximum when   .
6

Q40. Find the shortest distance between the lines y  x 1and the curve x  y 2 .

Q41. A metal box with a square base and vertical sides is to contain 1024 cm3. The material for the top

and bottom costs Rs 5/cm2 and the material for the sides costs Rs 2.50/cm2 . Find the least cost of the box.

Q42. A telephone company in a town has 500 subscribers on its list and collects fixed charges of Rs 300/-

per subscriber per year. The company proposes to increase the annual subscription and it is believed that

for every increase of Re 1/- one subscriber will discontinue the service. Find what increase will bring

maximum profit?

Q43. In the printed page of a book, the combined width of the margin at the top and the bottom is 3 inches

and that on sides is 2 inches. Find the dimensions of the page, so that the area of the printed matter may be

maximum, if the total area of the page is 150 sq. inches.

Q44. The cost of fuel for running a train is proportional to the square of the speed generated in km/h. It

costs Rs. 48 per hour when the train is moving at the speed of 16 km/h. What is the most economical

speed if the fixed charges are Rs. 300 per hour, over and above the running cost?

Q45. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of perimeter 36 cm which will sweep out a volume as large as

possible, when revolved about one of its sides. Also find the maximum volume.

Q46. AB is a diameter of a circle and C is any point on the circle. Show that the area of triangle ABC is

maximum, when it is isosceles.

Q47. Show that of all the right angled triangles inscribed in a circle, the triangle with maximum perimeter

is isosceles.

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Q48. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides open at the top is to be constructed so that its

depth is 3 m and volume is 75 m3. If building of tank costs Rs. 100 per square metre for the base and

Rs. 50 per square metres for the sides, find the cost of the least expensive tank.

Q49. Find the radius of the smallest circle with center on y-axis and passing through the point  7,3 .

Q50. A rectangular box shaped godown is to have a square floor. Three times as much heat per square
foot enters through the roof as through the walls. Find the dimensions of the godown if it is to
enclose a given volume and minimize the heat entering through the roof and the walls.
Q51. Prove that the least perimeter of an isosceles triangle in which a circle of radius r can be inscribed is
6 3r .

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1
Q1. For the function f  x   x  , x 1,3 , the value of c for the mean value theorem is:
x
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) none of these

Q2. The value of c in Rolle ’s Theorem when f  x   2 x 3  5 x 2  4 x  3 , x 1 3, 3 is:

(a) 2 (b)  1 3 (c)  2 (d) 2 3

Q3. For the function f  x   x  x  2  , x 1, 2  , the value of c for the mean value theorem is:

(a) 1 (b) 1 2 (c) 2 3 (d) 3 2

Q4. The value of c in Rolle ’s Theorem when f  x   e x sin x , x 0 ,   is:

(a)  6 (b)  4 (c)  2 (d) 3 4

Q5. The cost function of a firm is C  3x2  2 x  3 . Then the marginal cost, when x  3 is:
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 5 (d) 25

Q6. The function f  x   tan x  x is:

(a) Always increasing (b) always decreasing

(c) not always decreasing (d) sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing
Q7. The function f  x   x 3  6 x 2  15 x  12 is:

(a) Strictly decreasing on R (b) Strictly increasing on R

(b) Increasing on   , 2  and decreasing in  2 ,   (d) none of these

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Q8. The function f  x   4  3 x  3 x 2  x 3 is:

(a) Decreasing on R (b) Increasing on R

(c) Strictly increasing on R (d) Strictly increasing on R

x
Q9. The function f  x   is:
sin x
(a) Increasing in  0,1 (b) Decreasing in  0,1

 1 1 
(c) Increasing in  0,  and decreasing in  ,1 (d) none of these
 2 2 
Q10. The function f  x   x x is decreasing in the interval:

 1
(a)  0, e  (b)  0 ,  (c)  0,1 (d) none of these
 e
2
Q11. The function f  x    x  x  3  is increasing in:

 3
(a)  0 ,   (b)   , 0  (c) 1,3  (d)  0 ,    3,  
 2

x
Q12. The function f  x   2
is increasing in:
x 1

(a)  1,1 (b)  1,   (c)   ,  1  1,   (d) none of these

Q13. The function f  x   cot 1 x  x increases in the interval:

(a) 1,   (b)  1,   (c)   ,   (d)  0 ,  

Q14. If the function f  x   kx 3  9 x 2  9 x  3 is monotonically increasing in every interval, then:

(a) k  3 (b) k  3 (c) k  3 (d) k  3 0.

Q15. Side of an equilateral triangle expands at rate of 2 cm / sec. The rate of increase of its area when
each side is 10 cm is (in cm2 /sec ):

(a) 10 2 (b) 10 3 (c) 10 (d) 5

Q16. The radius of a sphere is changing t the rate of 0.1 cm/sec. The rate of change of its surface area
when the radius is 200 cm (in cm2 /sec ) is:
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 160 (d) 200

Q17. A cone whose height is always equal to its diameter is increasing in volume at the rate of 40cm3 / sec

. At what rate is the radius increasing when its circular base area is 1m2 ?

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 (a) 1 mm/sec (b) 0.001 cm/sec (c) 2 mm/sec (d) 0.002 cm/sec

Q18. A cylindrical vessel of radius 0.5 m is filled with oil at the rate of 0.25 m3 / min . The rate at which

the surface of the oil is rising (in m/ min ) is:

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1.25

Q19. The coordinates of the point on the ellipse 16 x 2  9 y 2  400 where the ordinate decrease at the same
rate at which the abscissa increases, is:
 16   16   16   1
(a)  3,  (b)  3,  (c)  3,   (d)  3, 
 3  3  3  3

Q20. If the rate of change of volume of a sphere is equal to the rate of change of its radius, then its radius
is equal to:
1 1
(a) 1 unit (b) 2 unit (c) unit (d) unit
2 2 

Q21. A man of height 6 ft walks at a uniform speed of 9 ft/sec from a lamp post fixed at 15 ft height. The
length of his shadow is increasing at the rate of:
(a) 15 ft/sec (b) 9 ft/sec (c) 6 ft/sec (d) none of these

Q22. If there is an error of a% in measuring the edge of a cube, then percentage error in its surface is:
(a) 2a% (b) a / 2% % (c) 3a% (d) none of these

Q23. In an error of k % is made in measuring radius of a sphere, then percentage error in its volume is:
(a) k % (b) 3k % (c) 2k % (d) k / 3%

Q24. A sphere of radius 100 mm shrinks to radius 98 mm, then approximate decrease in its volume is:
(a) 12000 mm3 (b) 800 mm3 (c) 8000 mm3 (d) 120 mm3

15
Q25. The approximate value of  33 is:

(a) 2.0125 (b) 2.1 (c) 2.01 (d) none of these

Q26. The circumference of a circle is measured as 28 cm with an error of 0.01 cm. The percentage error in
its area is:
(a) 1 14 (b) 0.01 (c) 1 7 (d) none of these

Q27. The equation of normal to the curve y  x  sin x cos x at x   2 is:

(a) x  2 (b) x   (c) x    0 (d) 2x 

Q28. The point on the curve y  x 2  3x  2 where tangent is perpendicular to y  x is:

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 (a)  0, 0  (b)  2 ,16  (c)  3, 9  (d) none of these

Q29. The point on the curve y 2  x where tangent makes 450 angle with x-axis is:

(a) 1 2,1 4  (b) 1 4,1 2  (c)  4, 2  (d) 1,1

Q30. The angle between the curves y 2  x and x2  y at 1,1 is:

(a) tan 1  4 3  (b) tan 1  3 4  (c) 900 (d) 450

Q31. At what point the slope of the tangent to the curve x 2  y 2  2 x  3 is zero?

(a)  3, 0  ,  1, 0  (b)  3, 0  , 1, 2  (c)  1,0  , 1, 2  (d) 1, 2  , 1,  2 

Q32. The equation of tangent at those points where the curve y  x 2  3x  2 meets x-axis are:

(a) x  y  2  0 , x  y 1  0 (b) x  y 1  0 , x  y  2  0

(c) x  y 1  0 , x  y  0 (d) x  y  0 , x  y  0

Q33. If the curve ay  x 2  7and x3  y cut each other at 900 at 1,1 , then value of a is:

(a) 1 (b)  6 (c) 6 (d) 0

Q34. The equation of normal x  a cos3  , y  a sin3  at the point    4 is:

(a) x  0 (b) y  0 (c) x  y (d) x  y  a

Q35. The angle of intersection of the parabolas y 2  4ax and x2  4ay at the origin is:

(a)  6 (b)  3 (c)  2 (d)  4

Q36. The line y  x 1touches y 2  4 x at the point:

(a) 1, 2  (b)  2 ,1 (c) 1,  2  (d)  1, 2 

Q37. The tangent to the curve y  e2x at the point  0,1 meets x  axis at:

 1 
(a)  0,1 (b)   , 0  (c)  2, 0  (d)  0, 2 
 2 

Q38. The curves y  4 x2  2 x  8 and y  x3  x 13 touch each other at the point:

(a)  3, 23  (b)  23,  3  (c)  34, 3  (d)  3,34 

log x
Q39. The maximum value of f  x   is:
x
1 2
(a) (b) (c) e (d) 1
e e

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 250
Q40. The minimum value of x 2  is:
x
(a) 0 (b) 25 (c) 50 (d) 75

2
Q41. The maximum value of f  x    x  2 x  3 is:

7 4
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d) 0
3 27

Q42. The least value of f  x   e x  e x is:

(a)  2 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) can’t be determine

1 x  x 2
Q43. For all real values of x , the minimum value of y  is:
1 x  x2
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d)
3

Q44. The maximum value of y  sin x.cos x is:

1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 2 2
4 2
Q45. If the function f  x   x 3  ax 2  bx  1 is maximum at x  0 and minimum at x1, then:

2 3 3
(a) a  , b  0 (b) a   , b  0 (c) a  0, b  (d) none of these
3 2 2

ax  b
Q46. If y  has a turning point at P  2,  1 . Value of a and b so that y is maximum at P is:
 x 1 x  4 
(a) a  0 , b  1 (b) a  1 , b  0 (c) a  1 , b  2 (d) a  2 , b  1

Q47. The smallest value of polynomial 3x4  8x3 12 x 2  48x 1 in 1, 4  is:

(a) 49 (b) 59 (c) 59 (d) 257

Q48. The function f  x   2 x 3  3 x 2  12 x  4 , has:

(a) Two points of local maximum (b) Two points of local minimum

(c) one maxima and one minima (d) no maxima or minima

Q49. The sum of two non-zero numbers is 8, the minimum value of the sum of their reciprocals is:
(a) 1 4 (b) 1 2 (c) 1 8 (d) none of these

Q50. The point on the curve x 2  2 y which is nearest to the point  0,5  is:


(a) 2 2 , 4  
(b) 2 2 ,0  (c)  0, 0  (d)  2, 2 

ONE MARKER QUESTIONS

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Q1. Find the point(s) on the curve y  3x 2 12 x  5 at which the tangent is parallel to x -axis.

Q2. Find slope of the tangent to the curve y  x3  3x  2 at the points whose x-coordinate is 3.

Q3. What is the slope of the normal to the curve y  x3  3x at x  2 ?

Q4. The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7cm / sec . What is the rate of increase of its

circumference in terms of  .

Q5. If the rate of change of volume of a sphere is equal to the rate of change of its radius, what is the

radius of the sphere? (Leave your answer in terms of  ).

Q6. What is the approximate change in the volume V of a cube of side x meters caused by increasing

the side by 2%.

ANSWERS

(APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES)

1 8 4  1
1. (a) c  (b) c  (c) (d) c  (e) c 2 (f) c  2 
2 3 3 4 3

2. Not applicable in any case 3.  0,16  4. (a) c  2 (b) c  3 (c) c  2 (d) c  8

7 1 9 1
(e) c  3 5. (i)  ,  (ii).  ,  6. a  11 , b   6 7.  2, 4 
 2 4  4 2

 5  1  16   16 
8. (i)  1,  ;  1,  (ii)  3,  and  3,  
 3  3  3  3

9. 0.5 m/sec 10. (i) 6cm3 / sec (ii) 11.2 cm2 / sec

1 5
11. 10cm3 / sec 12. (i) cm / min (ii) cm / sec (decreasing) (iii) 7.11 cm / sec
2 6

14. (a) inc. on   , 2  3,   , dec. on  2,3 (b) inc. on  2, 3 , dec. on   ,  2  3,  

 1   1   1 1 
(c) inc. on   ,    ,   , dec. on  ,  (d) inc. on  1,1 , dec. on   ,  1  1,  
 2  2   2 2

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  8 8 
(e) inc. on   ,  1 , dec. on  1,   (f) inc. on   ,    2 ,   , dec. on  , 2
 5 5 

 3   7   3 7 
(g) inc. on   , 2    6,   , dec. on  2,6  (h) inc. on  0 ,    , 2  , dec. on  , 
 4   4   4 4 

    
(i) inc. on  ,  , dec. on 0 , 4 
4 2  

15. (a) inc: 1, 2    3,   , dec:  2, 3    ,1 (b) inc:   ,1   2,3  , dec: 1, 2    3,  

25
(c) inc:   ,  2    4,   , dec:  2, 4  (d) inc:  3,  1   2,   , dec:   ,  1   1, 2  (e)
3

17. (a)  0, 4  and  0,  4  (b) (3,0)and (3,0) 18. (i) 80x  40 y 103  0

(ii) x  3 y  8  0 or x  3 y  8  0 (iii) 4x  y 13  0 19. (i) y  3x  3  0 and 7 x  y 14  0

(ii)  2,14  and  2, 2  20. (a) 2 2 x  3 y  2  0 (b) 2x cos  3 y sin   6

21. (i) (1, 2)and(3, 2) (ii)  2, 7  and  3, 6  ;equation of tangents: y  6 and y  7

 2 1  

23. (i) y  1  2 x  4
2

 4 5 9   14 
(ii)  2 ,  , tangent 8 x  3 5 y  36 , at x-axix  , 0  ; normal 24 y  9 5 x 14 5 , at x-axis   , 0 
 3  2   9 

 3 1   3 1 
24.  ,  and  ,  25. a  2, b  5 26. 9x  y  4  0 and 9x  y 12  0
 2 10 3 10   2 10 3 10 

27. (i) y  x 1; x  y  3 (ii)  3, 45 and  3, 27  (iii) y  3x  4 and y  3x  4 (iv) p  0 , 4

28. (a) x  y  3  0, x  y 1 0 (b) 10 x  y  8  0, x  10 y  223  0

x y
(c) 2x  y  2  0, x  2 y  6  0 (d) cos   sin  1 , ax sec  by cos ec  a 2  b2
a b

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29. (a) 0.1925 (b) 0.693 (c) 3.074 (d) 2.01375 30. 0.32 31. 0.06 x3 m3

32. 9.72 cm3 33. (a)Local max. value is 3at x 1 and Local min. value is 128at x  6

(b)Local max. value is 68at x1 and Local min. value is 1647at x  6and  316at x  5

(c)Local max. value is 0at x 2 and Local min. value is 4at x  0

295 231
(d) Local max. value is 105at x  0and at x   5 and Local min. value is at x   3
4 4

3    3  
(e) Local max. value is  at x  and Local min. value is     at x 
2 6 6  2 6 6

  5 5
(f) Local max. value is 3 at x  and Local min. value is  3 + at x 
6 6 6 6

34.(a)Abs max. is 8at x 4 ,Abs. min. is 10at x  2

(b)Abs max. is 257at x  4 , Abs. min. is 63at x  2

     5  5
35. (a) max. value is    3  at x  and min .valueis    3  at x 
 3  3  3  3

3  1 
(b) max.valueis at x  and min .valueis at x  36. (ii) m  2
4 6 2 2

r 1 20 3 60
38. square, 100m2 39. units, 2 r units; r 2 units 41. 900 , ab 42. ,
2 2 94 3 9 4 3

144 36
43. m and m 45. 3.46m 46. (i) (1, 2) (ii)  9a , 6a  ,  9a ,  6a  47.  2, 2 
 4  4

25 2
8. 5 49.
4
cm 53. 2ab  
55. 6 9 x  x3 ; x  3 54. 15 3 sq. units

56. 4x  3 y  24 57. 7 cm 70. r  1m , h  2 m 74. side = 10 cm , depth = 2.5 m

1000 3
75. 4.5cm,6cm and 9cm 76.  :4 77. 9 3 sq.m 78. m 80. 3 r cm 81. 34 cm2
27

1 1
82. r  3 m , h4 3 m 83.  0, 0  84. 4 2 units 85. 2c ab 86.  2,  8 
4 4

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Answers - Some More Problems

3  1 9 2
2.  , 0 
2 
3.
2
m/h 4. (a) m/s (b) 2 m/s
5 3
5. 48units / sec 7.  
2  2 v unit/sec

dA2 1 1 1
8.  2 x 2  3x  1 9. rad/s 10. (a) cm/ sec (b) cm2 / sec
dA1 20 40 30

10 1 1 2
(c) cm 2 / sec 11. (i)  cm/s (ii)  sq.cm/s 12. cm/s
30 2 3 3 4
32
13. cm/s 15. (a) 1.03490 (b) 0.5151 (c) 0.785 16. 2k%
27
17. (a) inc.on  0 ,1 ; dec.on 1,   (e) inc.when x 1, 2    3,   ,dec.when x   ,1   2, 3

    7 11    7   11 
(f) st.inc.when x  0 ,    ,  ,st.dec.when x  ,  , 
 4   12 12   4 12   12 
1 3
18. (i) x  5 y  2 (ii) a10 19. y 1 20. y   x3  x2  3x  5 23.  4 , 4 
2 4
24. a  2, b  7 25. 1, 4  27. (a) ay  2 bx  ab  0 ; 2by  ab  b2  a 2   20


(c) (d) a 2  b 2  0 (f) 1 (g) 2 x  3my  3am 4  2am 2
2
 1 1
28. (a) x  is a point of local minima and value is (b) local maximum at x  2
4 2 2
3 7
(c) local minimum  43
at x  
4 4
29. (i) Maximum Value at x 0is1, Maximum Value at x  is 1 , Minimum Value at
 5 4
x  is 2 1  log 2 , Minimum Value at x  is 2 1 log 2  . (ii)
3 3 3
 3
30. points of local maxima , 2 , points of local minima 0, , the absolute maximum and minimum
2 2
values are 3,  5 respectively
1
31. a  2, b   32. a  3, b  9, cR
2
5
33. a 1 , b  0 34. local maximum valueis1at x  4 and local minimum valueis14 at x 
4
3 2
37. at x  1 , max.slope 12 38. 9 40. 41. Rs. 1920
8
42. Rs. 100 43. 1015 inches 44. 40 km/hr

45. 12 cm , 6 cm , Max. Vol = 864 cm3 48. Rs. 5500 49. 7 units

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 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. b 2. a 3. d 4. d 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. b 11. d 12. a 13. c 14. c

15. b 16. c 17. d 18. a 19. a 20. d 21. c 22. a 23. b 24. c 25. a 26. a 27. d 28. b
29. b 30. b 31. d 32. b 33. c 34. c 35. c 36. a 37. b 38. d 39. a 40. d 41. c 42. c
43. d 44. b 45. b 46. b 47. c 48. c 49. b 50. a

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