Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Historical background
After overrunning Goa and taking control of it, the Portuguese turned their attention southwards and along
the coast. They first attacked the South Kanara coast in 1525 and destroyed the Mangalore port. Ullal was a
prosperous port and a hub of the spice trade to Arabia and other countries in the west. Being the profitable
trading center that it was, the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British vied with one another for control of the
region as well as the trade routes. They however, had not been able to make much headway as the
resistance from the local chieftains was very strong. The local rulers even forged alliances cutting across
caste and religious lines.
Abbakka's administration was well represented by Jains, Hindus as well as Muslims. Her army too
consisted of people of all sects and castes. She even forged alliances with the Zamorin of Calicut. Together,
they kept the Portuguese at bay. The marital ties with the neighbouring Banga dynasty added further
strength to the alliance of the local rulers. She also gained support from powerful king Venkatappanayaka
of Bidnur and ignored the threat of Portuguese forces.[6]
Battles against the Portuguese
The Portuguese, clearly upset by Abbakka's tactics, demanded that she pay them tribute but Abbakka
refused to yield. In 1555, the Portuguese sent Admiral Dom Álvaro da Silveira to fight her after she refused
to pay them tribute.[7] In the battle that followed, Rani Abbakka once again managed to hold her own and
repulsed the attack successfully.
In 1557, the Portuguese plundered Mangalore and laid waste to it. In 1568, they turned their attention to
Ullal but Abbakka Rani resisted them yet again. João Peixoto, a Portuguese general and a fleet of soldiers
were sent by the Portuguese Viceroy António Noronha. They managed to capture the city of Ullal and also
entered the royal court. Abbakka Rani, however, escaped and took refuge in a mosque. The same night, she
gathered around 200 of her soldiers and mounted an attack on the Portuguese. In the battle that ensued,
General Peixoto was killed,[8] seventy Portuguese soldiers were taken prisoners and many of the Portuguese
retreated. In further attacks, Abbakka Rani and her supporters killed Admiral Mascarenhas and the
Portuguese were also forced to vacate the Mangalore fort.
In 1569 however, the Portuguese not only regained the Mangalore fort but also captured Kundapur
(Basrur). Despite these gains, Abbakka Rani continued to remain a source of threat. With the help of the
queen's estranged husband, they mounted attacks on Ullal. Furious battles followed but Abbakka Rani held
her own. In 1570, she formed an alliance with the Bijapur Sultan of Ahmed Nagar and the Zamorine of
Calicut, who were also opposing the Portuguese. Kutty Pokar Markar, the Zamorine's general fought on
behalf of Abbakka and destroyed the Portuguese fort at Mangalore but while returning he was killed by the
Portuguese. Following these losses and her husband's treachery, Abbakka lost the war, was arrested and
jailed. However, even in prison she revolted and died fighting.
Memory
Abbakka's memory is much cherished in her home town of Ullal. The "Veera Rani Abbakka Utsava" is an
annual celebration held in her memory. The Veera Rani Abbakka Prashasti(award) is awarded to
distinguished women on the occasion.[9] On January 15, 2003, the Indian postal department issued a
special cover on Rani Abbakka. There have been calls to name the Bajpe airport.[10] A bronze statue of the
queen has been erected in Ullal and another in Bangalore.[11] The Karnataka Itihasa Academy has called
for renaming the Queen's road in the state capital as 'Rani Abbakka Devi road'.[12]
Rani Abbakka-class patrol vessel
The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Rani Abbakka, the 1st of a series of five inshore patrol vessels (IPV) built
at Hindustan Shipyard Ltd is named after Abbakka Mahadevi was commissioned in Visakhapatnam on
January 20, 2012, and is based in Chennai.[13][14]
See also
Ullal
Tulunadu
Goa Inquisition
Battle of Colachel
Footnotes
1. There are four places in Karnataka and Kerala whose modern name is Puttige or similar. None seems
to have ever been larger than a village. Another candidate for the place is Puttur, a town which is the
seat of a modern taluk (which also includes one of the villages called Puttige). An unsourced statement
in the corresponding article in Kannada Wiki calls Puttur "the capital of a dynasty of kings" (Kannada:
ವಂಶದ ಅರಸರ ಾಜ ಾ ಾ ತು).
Notes
1. "Queen Abbakka's triumph over western colonisers" (http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=
6707). Press Information Bureau, Govt., of India. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
2. "The Intrepid Queen-Rani Abbakka Devi of Ullal" (http://www.boloji.com/history/028.htm). Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20070807132003/http://www.boloji.com/history/028.htm) from the original on
7 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
3. "Include Tulu in Eighth Schedule: Fernandes" (http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/feb/17tara.htm).
Rediff.com. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
4. "Blend past and present to benefit future" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29664181.cm
s). Times of India. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
5. K. Sanjiva Prabhu (1977). Special Study Report on Bhuta Cult in South Kanara District (https://books.g
oogle.com/books?id=xwgaAAAAMAAJ). Controller of Publications, 1977. pp. 9–12. Retrieved
13 March 2015.
6. Sarojini Shintri, Kurukundi Raghavendra Rao (1983). Women freedom fighters in Karnataka (https://bo
oks.google.com/books?id=-05uAAAAMAAJ&q=abbakka&dq=abbakka&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fH64UJeCC5
GIrAfznYCgCw&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBQ). Dharwad: Prasaranga, Karnatak University. pp. 13, 14.
7. Kudva, Venkataraya Narayan (1972). History of the Dakshinatya Saraswats (https://books.google.com/
books?ei=woC4ULz5PIX9rAfTyoGQBA&id=x0NuAAAAMAAJ&dq=abbakka+ullal&q=ullal). Madras:
Samyukta Gowda Saraswata Sabha. pp. 107–110.
8. CIL. "Abbakka Rani : The Unsung Warrior Queen - Kailash Mishra" (http://ignca.nic.in/nl001903.htm).
Ignca.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
9. "M.P. Prakash calls for revival of local culture" (http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/09/stories/20060109146
10300.htm). Chennai, India: Deccan Herald. 2006-01-09. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070
809201529/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/09/stories/2006010914610300.htm) from the original on 9
August 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
10. "Name Mangalore airport after Rani Abbakka: Dhananjaya" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articles
how/32796607.cms). Times of India. 2002-12-30. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
11. "Highlight freedom fighters' role in books, says Ashok" (http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/27/stories/2007
012721710400.htm). Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2007-01-27. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
12. "Academy demands awards for historians" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014830/http://www.c
scsarchive.org:8081/__e5256852001e3a90.nsf/0/69721135fc4ba8e765256942002e3db2%21OpenDo
cument%26Highlight%3D0%2Cabbakka). Indian Express. Archived from the original (http://www.cscsa
rchive.org:8081/__e5256852001e3a90.nsf/0/69721135fc4ba8e765256942002e3db2!OpenDocument&
Highlight=0,abbakka) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
13. "Coast Guard Inducts New Indigenous IPV Rani Abbakka" (http://www.livefistdefence.com/2012/01/co
ast-guard-inducts-new-indigenous-ipv.html). Livefist. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
14. Ministry of Defence (20 January 2012). "1st Inshore Patrol Vessel Commissioned into Coast Guard" (ht
tp://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79763). Press Information Burea. Retrieved 20 January
2012.
References
Abbakka Rani - The unsung warrior queen (http://www.ignca.gov.in/nl001903.htm)
Queen Abbakka's triumph over Western colonisers (http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=6
707)
External links
Pepper queen Abbakka (https://web.archive.org/web/20070806161344/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/A
rticles/starofmysore/abbakka.htm)
Rani Abbakka Devi of Ullal (http://www.boloji.com/history/028.htm)
Abbakka, the warrior queen of Karnataka (http://www.mea.gov.in/indiaperspective/2004/102004.pdf)
Rani Abbakka has not been given her due (http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/09/stories/20060109048704
00.htm)
Brave Abbakka still awaiting her due (https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124017/http://www.deccan
herald.com/Archives/jun192006/state2216232006618.asp)
Historian Dr. Jyotsna Kamat's Article on Abbakka (http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/abbakka.htm)
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