Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Counters
Contents
Overview of KPIs
Accessibility KPI and counter
Retainability KPI and counters
Mobility KPI and counters
Integrity KPI and counters
Availability KPI and counters
Traffic KPI and counters
Radio Resource KPI
KPI Overview
Definition:
The definitions of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) vary by industries.
KPIs are important criteria used to evaluate the operation of wireless
networks, for example, wireless call completion rate and wireless call drop
rate.
A KPI is a value calculated through a series of PIs or counters.
KPIs reflect the network running status. Therefore, KPI values are
objective criteria and important basis for evaluating network
running status and quality.
PI
Although Performance Indicator (PI) as a type of Measure of Performance is
less critical than the KPI, yet it is still used as a reference data to evaluate the
network operation. PI values are obtained through corresponding counters.
Counter
Each count corresponds to a counter, and there are thousands of counters in
a system.
Northbound Counter
The counter value reported according to the northbound Operation
Management Center (OMC) requirements is computed and reported by a
local counter. Northbound OMC uses these counters to compute KPI values.
calculate PI
calculate KPI
Air Interface
Description:
The KPI shows the probability of dropping a paging record since the waiting
queue is overloaded.
Signaling Procedure
UE eNB
PAGING
Formula Definition
Paging congestion rate = Number of paging congestions/Number of paging
attempts × 100%
Where, Number of paging attempts = Number of paging congestions +
Number of successful paging attempts
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved
Paging Congestion Rate
Description:
This KPI shows the probability for a subscriber to be provided with an RRC
connection upon request.
Signaling Procedure
UE EUTRAN
RRCConnectionRequest
RRCConnectionSetup
RRCConnectionSetupComplete
Formula Definition
RRC connection setup success rate = Number of RRC connection setup
successes/RRC connection setup attempts × 100%.
Description:
The KPI shows probability for an end-user to successfully re-establish an RRC
connection at request.
Signaling Procedure
UE eNB
RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest
1
RRCConnectionReestablishment
2
RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete
3
Formula Definition
RRC Establishment Success Rate = Number of successful RRC establishments /
Number of RRC Establishment Attempts * 100%
Description:
The KPI shows probability for an end-user to successfully setup a ERAB at request.
Signaling Procedure
Formula Definition
E-RAB Setup Success Rate = (Number of successful initial E-RAB + Number of
successful added E-RAB establishment) / (Number of successful initial E-RAB
establishment + Number of failed initial E-RAB establishment + Number of
successful added E-RAB establishment + Number of failed added E-RAB
establishment) * 100%
Description:
The KPI shows probability for an end-user to successfully establish UE context
at each attempt.
Signaling Procedure
eNB MME
Formula Definition
UE Context Establishment Success Rate = Number of successful UE Context
establishment / Number of UE Context establishment attempts × 100%
Theoretical limit: 0%
Ideal value in a commercial network: < 2%
Retainability
(Category)
Description:
The KPI shows probability for an end-user to lose the RRC connection.
Measurement Method
Counters at eNodeB side are designed to enable the corresponding
measurement, which are split into sub-counters per release cause:
Number of abnormal RRC connection release per release cause (These counters are
provided on per cell basis granularity in a non-overlapping 15 minute periodicity, at
the beginning of which they are re-initialized with the default value.)
Number of successfully established RRC connection, including initial RRC
connection establishment and handover in/out RRC connection(These counters are
provided on per cell basis granularity in a non-overlapping 15 minute periodicity.
This measurement is obtained by accumulating the number of established RRC
connections during the measurement period.)
Formula Definition
RRC Drop Rate = Number of RRC connection released abnormally by eNodeB
/ Number of successful RRC establishments × 100%
Description:
This KPI shows the probability for an a subscriber to loss the E-RAB, such as
an event being released by the eNodeB due to overload control.
Signaling Procedure
eNB MME
Formula Definition
E-RAB Drop Rate = Number of Abnormally Released E-RAB / Number of
Successfully Established E-RAB * 100%
Description:
The KPI shows probability for an end-user to lose the E-RABs when it is active,
i.e. there was data in the buffer in any of the directions.
Measurement Method
Counters at eNodeB side are designed to enable the corresponding
measurement, which are split into sub-counters per establishment cause and
per failure cause:
Number of abnormally released active E-RABs per QCI and per release cause
Number of successfully established E-RABs per QCI, including local E-RABs
establishments and handover in E-RABs
Formula Definition
Active E-RAB Drop Rate = Number of active E-RABs released abnormally /
Number of E-RABs successfully established × 100%
Intra-Freq Intra-Freq Inter-Freq Inter-Freq LTE to UMTS UMTS to LTE LTE to GSM GSM to LTE
Intra-eNodeB Inter-eNodeB Inter-eNodeB Intra-eNodeB
X2 Based HO S1 Based HO
Troubleshooting
L3 signalling
Rate
2. Measurement Reports
L1/L2 signalling
3. HO decision
User Data
Handover Preparation
5. Admission Control
network:99%
Latency
Detach from old cell
Deliver buffered and in transit
and
packets to target eNB
synchronize to new cell
Interruption Time
Handover Execution
(Step 4 – Step 6) 8. SN Status Transfer
Data Forwarding
End Marker
14. Switch DL path
Handover Completion
packet data
End Marker
15.User Plane update
response
Outgoing The source eNodeB decides to The source eNodeB sends the RRC
handover perform a handover. Connection Reconfiguration message
preparation to the UE.
Outgoing The source eNodeB sends the The source eNodeB receives the UE
handover RRC Connection Reconfiguration Context Release message from the
execution message to the UE. destination eNodeB.
Incoming The destination eNodeB receives The destination eNodeB returns the
handover the Handover Request message Handover Response message to the
preparation from the source eNodeB. source eNodeB.
Incoming The destination eNodeB receives The destination eNodeB sends the
handover the RRC Connection UE Context Release message to the
execution Reconfiguration Complete source eNodeB.
message from the UE.
Description
The intra-eNodeB handover success rate measures the service continuity
when a subscriber is on the move. This KPI is perceptible to the subscribers,
depending on system handover processing capabilities and network planning.
Formula Definition
Intra-frequency handover success rate = Number of intra-frequency
handover successes / Number of intra-frequency handover requests * 100%
Inter-frequency handover success rate = Number of inter-frequency
handover successes / Number of inter-frequency handover requests * 100%
Measurement Report
3
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
4
Description:
The inter-eNodeB X2-interface handover success rate measures the handover
successes when the UE moves between the eNodeBs over the X2 interface. This
KPI is perceptible to the subscribers being on the move, depending on system
handover processing capabilities and network planning.
Formula Definition
Outgoing intra-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of
outgoing intra-frequency X2-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing
intra-frequency X2-interface handover attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Incoming intra-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of
incoming intra-frequency X2-interface handover successes / Number of incoming
intra-frequency X2-interface handover attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Outgoing inter-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of
outgoing inter-frequency X2-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing
inter-frequency X2-interface handover attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Incoming inter-frequency X2-interface handover success rate = Number of
incoming inter-frequency X2-interface handover successes / Number of incoming
inter-frequency X2-interface handover attempts (serving cell) * 100%
Handover Request
1 2
Handover Request Acknowledge
3 4
6
Handover Preparation Failure
7
11
Path Switch Request
UE Context Release
16 15
UE Context Release
17
Description:
When the eNodeB decides to perform a handover according to the UE measurement report and
meanwhile the destination cell is not connected to the eNodeB through the X2 interface, the inter-
eNodeB S1-interface handover success rate measures the S1-interface handover performed through the
EPC. This KPI is perceptible to the subscribers being on the move, depending on system handover
processing capabilities and network planning.
Formula Definition
Outgoing intra-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of outgoing intra-frequency
S1-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing intra-frequency S1-interface handover attempts
(serving cell) * 100%
Incoming intra-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of incoming intra-frequency
S1-interface handover successes / Number of incoming intra-frequency S1-interface handover attempts
(serving cell) * 100%
Outgoing inter-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of outgoing inter-frequency
S1-interface handover successes / Number of outgoing inter-frequency S1-interface handover attempts
(serving cell) * 100%
Incoming inter-frequency S1-interface handover success rate = Number of incoming inter-frequency
S1-interface handover successes / Number of incoming inter-frequency S1-interface handover attempts
(serving cell) * 100%
Handover Command
5
Handover Failure 6
The inter-system handover success rate consists of both incoming and outgoing handover
between the LTE network and the CDMA network, between the LTE network and the UMTS
network, between the LTE network and the GSM network. This example shows a handover
from the CDMA network to the LTE network.
Handover Failure 3
Handover Notify
6
7 Non- Voice,
(NOTE 3) GBR 7 100 ms 10 -3 Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
8
(NOTE 5) 8 Video (Buffered Streaming)
300 ms 10-6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp,
p2p file
9 9 File sharing, progressive video, etc.
(NOTE 6)
Description:
This KPI indicates average downlink PDCP SDU latency based on the QCI type, from the
time when a PDCP SDU reaches the eNodeB, to the time when the UE receives this PDCP
SDU, that is to say, all fragments of this PDCP SDU receives a successful HARQ response.
Signaling Procedure
Formula Definition
Average Downlink PDCP SDU Latency = Total Latency of All PDCP SDUs / Number of All
PDCP SDUs
Description:
This KPI measures the ratio of discarded PDCP SDUs to received PDCP SDUs due
to the timeout of the TimeDisCard timer, when no, partial, or all fragments are
transmitted through the eNodeB or air interface. It should be noted that PDCP
SDUs vary from QCI to QCI (1 – 9), from uplink to downlink.
Counters
Number of All PDCP SDUs
Uplink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB receives the PDCP SDU from the UE, this
counter is incremented by 1.
Downlink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB sends the PDCP SDU to the RLC layer, this
counter is incremented by 1.
Number of Discarded PDCP SDUs
Uplink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB receives the PDCP SDU from the UE, the SN is
not consecutive.
Downlink: When the PDCP layer of the eNodeB sends the PDCP SDU to the RLC layer, the
SN is not consecutive.
Formula Definition
Air Interface or eNodeB Packet Loss Rate = Number of Discarded Packets over the
Air Interface or eNodeB / Number of All Packets over the Air Interface or eNodeB
Description:
The KPI shows the probability of an TB transmission error in a cell.
Measurement Method
Counters at eNodeB side are designed to enable the corresponding
measurement:
Number of uplink TB CRC errors in a cell
Number of uplink TBs in a cell
Number of downlink TB CRC errors in a cell
Number of downlink TBs in a cell
Number of uplink Initial TB CRC errors in a cell
Number of uplink Initial TBs in a cell
Number of downlink Initial TB CRC errors in a cell
Number of downlink Initial TBs in a cell
Formula Definition
Cell BLER = Error Number of TBs / Total Number of TBs × 100%
Availability
Important and
Cell availability Demanding
Theoretical limit: 100%
Ideal value in a commercial network: > 99.995%
measurement_period - ∑ RRU.CellUnavailableTime.[cause]
CellAvailability = cause
×100
measurement _ period
Dependency
Software + Hardware
Unavailable Time = Unplanned downtime only (excluding planned downtime)
Physical meaning
365 * 24 * 60 * (1-99.995%) = 26.28 min cell out-of-service time
Description:
The cell availability measures the ratio of in-service time to measurement
granularity time. The in-service time indicates the time interval between cell
establishment and cell deletion. By counting the cell in-service time, this KPI forms
a foundation for analyzing system failures and measuring system stability.
Signaling Procedure CRM CCM CCMI
EV_CRM_CCM_CELL_DEL_REQ
EV_CRM_CCM_CELL_DEL_REQ
Formula Definition
Cell Availability = In-Service Time / Measurement Granularity Time
Description:
The KPI shows probability for eNodeB to loss OAM link with EMS.
Measurement Method
Counters at eNodeB side are designed to enable the corresponding
measurement:
OAM link in-connection time
Formula Definition
Availability of OAM link = OAM link available time / Gr × 100%
Description:
The KPI shows probability for eNodeB to loss SCTP link with neighbor
eNodeB or MME.
Measurement Method
Counters at eNodeB side are designed to enable the corresponding
measurement:
SCTP link in-connection time
Formula Definition
Availability of SCTP link = SCTP link available time / Gr × 100%
Description:
This KPI counts the number of RRC connections, which is used to measure the UE access
to the system for call hold. It involves the following two counters:
Average number of RRC connections
Maximum number of RRC connections.
Measurement Method
When the eNodeB receives the RRC Establishment Complete message, the number of
RRC connections is incremented by 1.
When the eNodeB triggers the RRC establishment successfully due to the handover, the
number of RRC connections is incremented by 1.
When the eNodeB releases the RRC connection, the number of RRC connections is
decremented by 1.
When the eNodeB reestablishes the RRC connection in another cell, the number of RRC
connections is decremented by 1.
When the eNodeB reestablishes the RRC connection back to the serving cell, the number
of RRC connections is incremented by 1.
Formula Definition
Maximum Number of RRC Connections (Sampling Counter)
Average Number of RRC Connections (Sampling Counter)
Measurement Method
Initial E-RAB establishment success
Added E-RAB establishment success
Incoming E-RAB handover success
Incoming E-RAB modification success (changing the new QCI to the old QCI)
Outgoing E-RAB handover success
Outgoing E-RAB modification success (changing the old QCI to the new QCI)
E-RAB release.
Formula Definition
This KPI is counted by averaging the measured values of all sampling points within
a specific measurement cycle
Measurement Method
N/A
Formula Definition
This KPI is counted when any data is present in the E-RAB cache of QCI i
every sampling cycle (100 ms), as defined in the 3GPP TS.
Statistic Period:-
Statistic Area:Clutter-wise
Indoor or Outdoor:BOTH
Within coverage areas, the TD-LTE network coverage must have a more than 95% probability of RSRP > -105dBm.
When a test antenna is put on car roof, there must be a more than 95% probability of RSRP>-95dBm.
(Note:Unreasonable samples are not included)
Statistic Period:-
Statistic Area:Clutter-wise
Indoor or Outdoor:BOTH
Statistic Period:-
Statistic Area:Clutter-wise
Indoor or Outdoor:BOTH
Statistic Period:-
Statistic Area:Clutter-wise
Indoor or Outdoor:BOTH
This index reflects the system access capability and provides the
basis for optimizing system parameters to some extent.
Average PRACH resource utilization = Number of PRACH
resources in use/Number of configured PRACH resources
Namely, = Number of carrier-occupied PRACHs/Number of cell-
occupied PRBs in the uplink
PRACH resources are a collection of time domains, frequency
domains, and code domains.
The number of PRACH resources in use is the number of PRACHs
which the eNodeB successfully resolves their preamble, including
public and dedicated preambles.