ELTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution White Paper20130107

eWBB LTE Professional
Broadband Trunking Solution

White Paper
Issue 1.0
Date 2012-09-18
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be
within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,
information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or
representations of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Technical White Paper for eWBB Professional
Broadband Trunking Solutions Contents
Contents
1 Overview......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Development Trend of Wireless Private Networks .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Status and Issues of Wireless Private Networks ............................................................................................... 1
1.3 Advantages and Positioning of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution .......................... 2
2 Introduction to the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution ................... 4

2.1 System Topology .............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Description of System Units ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1 eCN ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 eOMC...................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.3 Multimedia Dispatch Server ................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.4 Dispatch Console .................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.5 eBBU ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.6 eRRU ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.7 EP680 .................................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
2.2.8 EG860 ................................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
2.3 Function and Feature ...................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Trunking Voice ...................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Broadband Access ................................................................................................................................. 15
2.3.3 Video Function ...................................................................................................................................... 17
2.3.4 Positioning ............................................................................................................................................ 18
2.3.5 Security Encryption............................................................................................................................... 18
2.3.6 Reliability.............................................................................................................................................. 21
2.3.7 Single-Station System ........................................................................................................................... 22
2.3.8 Emergency Communications Vehicle ................................................................................................... 24
2.4 Specifications ................................................................................................................................................. 26
2.4.1 Specifications in Multi-eNodeB Networking ........................................................................................ 26
2.4.2 Performance Counters ........................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.3 Specifications of the Emergency Communications Vehicle .................................................................. 27
3 Highlights of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution .................... 28

4 Application Scenarios ................................................................................................................ 30
4.1 Trunking Broadband Application Scenarios ................................................................................................... 30
Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

Broadband Trunking Solutions Contents
4.1.1 Single-Station Scenario ......................................................................................................................... 30

4.1.2 Large-Scale Broadband Trunking Private Network .............................................................................. 32
4.2 Broadband Access Application Scenarios ...................................................................................................... 33
5 Technologies of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution................ 35

5.1 History of LTE ............................................................................................................................................... 35
5.2 Key Technologies of LTE TDD ...................................................................................................................... 36
5.3 Special Trunking Voice Technology ............................................................................................................... 38
6 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 40
A Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 41
Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

Broadband Trunking Solutions 1 Overview
1 Overview
1.1 Development Trend of Wireless Private Networks

With the development of communications technologies, the wireless private network evolves
from analog conventional calls (point-to-point communication), analog trunking, and digital
narrowband trunking. The wireless private network has greatly lagged behind the public
network in terms of communication technology, communication capability, and means of
communication. Its industrial upgrading has also lagged for about 10 years. Around the year
of 1990, public networks were deployed in a large scale and GSM/CDMA networks replaced
the original analog communication system. At that time, the analog trunking system was
introduced in various industries in China (the MPT1327 system was widely used). In 2002,
the public mobile communication industry introduced the 3rd generation mobile
communication system, such as WCDMA and CDMA2000, in the world. In 2006,
TD-SCDMA, the 3rd generation mobile communication system with China's own intellectual
property rights, was put into trial use. In the same period, the wireless private network
industry in China began to deploy the digital narrowband trunking system, including the
notable Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), iDen, and P25. The narrowband trunking system
developed in China includes the GT800 of Huawei and the GoTa of ZTE. Since 2010, LTE
TDD, a wireless broadband system with China's own intellectual property rights, has been
globally deployed and the overall technology and industry chain development already become
mature. Currently, there is an urgent need in broadband data transmission, especially in
real-time video transmission. Therefore, in the next few years, the LTE-TDD-based wireless
broadband trunking technology will be widely deployed in various industries.
1.2 Status and Issues of Wireless Private Networks

The wireless trunking communications system (also known as wireless command and
dispatch private network in the industry) can be widely used in various industries such as
security, energy, power, government, transportation, and ports.
Rapid development of various industries raises higher requirements on the wireless private
network. In addition to professional trunking voice services, the communication system needs
to provide richer means of communications, such as real-time data exchange, wireless
broadband data transmission for coordination services, high-definition video transmission,
and video– and data–based dispatch. There are also higher requirements on the network
security, reliability, and expandability.
At present, analog trunking coexists with digital trunking in the wireless trunking
communication system in China. For example, in the field of public security, the TETRA
Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

digital narrowband trunking system has been deployed in developed cities such as Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. However, the low-cost and simple analog trunking
system is still used in western areas and a number of small- and medium-sized cities in China.
The analog trunking system works in analog mode, having the following disadvantages: poor
voice quality, low anti-interference capability, low spectrum utilization, and simple security
and function.
The digital narrowband trunking system, such as TETRA and DMR, has been greatly
improved in voice communication quality, security, and function, but does not support
broadband data transmission. For example, TETRA supports 28 kbit/s data transmission only
and cannot provide services such as high-definition video backhaul and video dispatch,
difficult to meet the demand from public security. The intellectual property of the TETRA
communication system belongs to a foreign manufacturer. The radio interface is unavailable
for users in China and the encryption module required by users does not couple with the
TETRA system. Therefore, TETRA cannot meet confidentiality requirements of the public
security industry. Also, there is a high cost in secondary development due to unavailable radio
interface. That makes applications limited for users in an industry.
To compensate for insufficient broadband data transmission capability of the narrowband
systems, another independent wireless broadband network is deployed to provide broadband
data services. In this way, the voice service system is separated from the data service system
and the two systems cannot share information. Most wireless broadband data networks use
technologies such as WiFi or WiMAX. The WiFi and WiMAX technologies cannot meet
requirements of the wireless private network as it cannot provide professional trunking voice
services and has many problems in mobility, security, and development of the industry chain.
For example, the production of WiMAX chips is monopolized by a foreign company and the
industrial policy in China also prohibits the deployment.
Therefore, the wireless private network market urgently requires a wireless broadband
trunking multimedia network with China's own intellectual property rights to meet
communications needs.
1.3 Advantages and Positioning of the eWBB LTE

Professional Broadband Trunking Solution
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution uses multiple advanced
technologies of LTE TDD, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and customized professional broadband trunking
technology. The solution can provide professional trunking voice communications,
high-reliability and real-time data transmission, and multimedia video dispatch within a single
network. With the eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution, multiple services
can be supported, such as voice dispatch command, production instruction dispatch
(data+voice), equipment data collection, industry equipment/place video surveillance, live
video surveillance and backhaul.
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution has the following characteristics:
 The TDD technology is used, not requiring a symmetrical band. The bandwidth ranges
from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. The operator can easily obtain frequency resources. Currently,
the solution supports two frequency bands: 1.4 GHz and 1.8 GHz, which are supported
by the national policy.
Uplink and downlink transmission resources of the radio interface in the TDD
technology can be flexibly configured to adapt to different application scenarios of data
services. Thereby, the utilization of frequency resources is improved. For example, video

services generally require more uplink transmission resources and fewer downlink
resources.
 The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution features large bandwidth, low
latency, and high reliability, and provides the operator with rich application services and
users with professional wireless communications and application services, including but
not limited to:
− Wireless broadband data transmission (data collection for users in the industry,
real-time interaction, positioning, and command and dispatch)
− Trunking voice dispatch
− Video surveillance and dispatch (onsite real-time video transmission and video
dispatch command)
 Confidentiality of services can be guaranteed. Radio interface encryption and end-to-end
encryption for voice and data can be supported. Encryption algorithms can be
customized based on requirements from users of the public security and government.
 Networking is flexible and expandable. Networks of different scales from a single
eNodeB to regional networks are supported.
 An overall solution is provided, including the network, industry terminal, and industry
service platform.
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is a potential industry application
solution and especially applies to public security scenarios requiring high confidentiality, high
mobility, broad wireless bandwidth, and smooth network services in sudden cases. It is the
best choice for smart cities and industries such as public security, government, military, oil,
port, airport, and subway.

Technical White Paper for eWBB Professional 2 Introduction to the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband
Broadband Trunking Solutions Trunking Solution
2
Introduction to the eWBB LTE
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is a new-generation broadband

trunking system developed based on the LTE TDD communications technology to meet
requirements of production dispatch and emergency application in industries, such as the army,
government, public security, fire protection, railway, airport, port, and petroleum and
petrochemical industry. Compared with traditional dispatch systems, the eWBB LTE
professional broadband trunking solution has lots of technical advantages:
1. Distributed deployment, mobility-based coverage, expandability;
2. Providing all functions of traditional dispatch systems and also compatible with
traditional dispatch and voice systems;
3. Good expandability to integrate with existing wireless and wired networks, video
services, and data services
2.1 System Topology

The following figure shows the network architecture of a broadband multimedia trunking
system developed based on the LTE TDD technology of the public network.
PDN/
eCN Internet
eNB
Serving GW PDN GW
UE Application
server
Trunking GW
eNB MME
UE
eHSS Dispatch
center
eNB eOMC
IP transmission IP transmission ePCRF

The broadband multimedia trunking system includes the user equipment (UE), wireless access
subsystem (eNodeB), and core network subsystem (eCN).
The eCN can be deployed in a centralized manner or a distributed manner.
1. Distributed deployment: By function, the eCN consists of independent network devices,
including the mobility management entity (MME), serving gateway (S-GW), PDN
gateway (P-GW), and trunking gateway. The MME implements mobility management
for UE access and provides encryption and authentication functions. As the control
center of trunking services, the MME performs session management and speak-right
scheduling. The S-GW processes data from the UE to the eNodeB, including voice data
and multimedia data. The P-GW implements interactions with servers of external data
networks. The trunking gateway acts as an interface to trunking voice and video services
to the dispatch center.
2. Centralized deployment: The eCN is a network device. The internal MME and other
devices are logical devices and use the same interface for external interworking. To
adapt to simplified needs of small-scale users, the centralized eCN deployment is
adopted now.
The trunking communications system provides devices including dispatch center, eHSS,
ePCRF, and eOMC.
The dispatch center provides an interface for the dispatch console to implement dispatch and
management of basic and supplementary voice and video services. The eHSS manages user
subscription data and group subscription data. The ePCRF provides pre-definition policy and
charging rules and supports the P-GW to provide QoS control policy. The eOMC supports
monitoring and maintenance of system devices and can directly manage the eNodeB, eCN,
eHSS, and ePCRF.
Considering the private network scale, functional entities including the eHSS and ePCRF can
be integrated in the eCN. The following figure shows the actual networking diagram.

2.2 Description of System Units

2.2.1 eCN
The eCN provides two functions: mobility management and session management, including
management of user contexts and mobility status. It also assigns temporary user identities.
 Call control management of voice and PS data, mobility management, allocation and
management of terminal IP addresses
 Site management; bearing and switching of traffic flow
 Device authentication and certification center, radio interface encryption
1. System feature
The eCN supports high-performance data processing, high-speed data exchange, and
intelligent management, and features low power consumption, high density, high
reliability, and easy maintenance.
− Dual-star high-speed switching backplane
− Power supply module: 1+1 redundancy mode; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC),
protection, and current designed up to strict standards. The power module provides a
cooling fan and supports intelligent speed-control to satisfy requirements of energy
saving and noise reduction as much as possible.
− Centralized cooling mode; fan redundancy supported
− Subrack-level reliability: 99.999%
2. Management function
The eCN provides intelligent management functions to comprehensively monitor the
operating status of the whole server equipment.
− Provides equipment operating and monitoring functions, such as in-position
information query, power-on and power-off of the equipment, and fan speed control.
− Monitors the operating and in-position status of various field replaceable units
(FRUs).
− Queries the health status of the server.
− Supports intelligent fan speed control based on the server board temperature and
ambient temperature, and also supports manual speed control (manual speed control
has a higher priority over intelligent speed control).
2.2.2 eOMC
The enterprise operation and maintenance center (eOMC) provides centralized operation and
maintenance on communications devices of a private network. Specifically, it manages two
communications devices: eNodeB and eCN. The eOMC includes an EMS-level OM center,
single-NE maintenance tool, and offline NE log analysis tool. The OM center supports
centralized configuration management, centralized alarm management, centralized
performance management.
The eOMC works in client/server mode and has a centralized network management server
connecting to multiple management clients. In addition to the traditional centralized network
management platform providing centralized network management operations of alarms,
configuration, and performance, the eOMC client provides an independent alarm terminal for
enterprises to monitor alarms. The operating terminal is also an independently deployed client
and can be used to subscribe to communications services.

2.2.3 Multimedia Dispatch Server

Multimedia trunking dispatch server (MTD) is a new-generation multimedia command and
dispatch communications product. The product helps the dispatch personnel to deliver
dispatch commands through multimedia and can be integrated with various service systems to
a high degree, improving the intelligentization and automation level of dispatch.
 High reliability
Supports dual– or multiple–server hot backup. If the active server becomes faulty, the
standby server automatically replaces the active server without human intervention.
Supports multi-link backup. The system automatically selects a usable link for
communications routing.
Provides complete log data, records various data information including the
administrator's operations, call detail record (CDR), and alarms, and also supports
recording of conversations using the recording server.
Provides conditions for users to trace back operations.
 Large-capacity and flexible deployment
Supports a maximum of 20,000 intercom users and three dispatch levels: smaller than
500 users, 500 to 5000 users, and 5000 to 20,000 users. The dispatch server is 1 U in
height and 19 inch in width. It can be installed on a rack and is portable.
2.2.4 Dispatch Console

The professional dispatch console software specially designed for users provides a visual
graphical dispatch interface to display clear information and supports click operations to
maximize the dispatch speed. The dispatch console can be divided into primary dispatch
console and secondary dispatch console. Each dispatch console can be assigned with different
dispatch rights and dispatch personnel. With unified management and hierarchical dispatch,
the dispatch efficiency is improved and various departments can efficiently work together,
meeting the communications requirements of cross-area cross-department large-scale
command and dispatch.
The dispatch console software is installed on the PC running Windows XP, Windows 2000,
and Windows 2003.
2.2.5 eBBU
The LTE TDD eNodeB uses a distributed architecture to support component sharing to a
maximum extent. The eNodeB consists of two basic functional modules: eBBU and eRRU.
Based on the RF module remote technology, the eNodeB can be independently deployed,
expanded, and evolved to meet requirements of various networks.
The eBBU is a baseband control unit and provides the following functions:
 Provides physical ports connecting the eNodeB to the eCN for processing related
transmission protocol stacks.
 Provides CPRI ports to communicate with the eRRU for processing uplink and downlink
baseband signals.
 Manages the entire eNodeB in a centralized manner, including OM and signaling
processing.
 Provides a maintenance channel to the local maintenance terminal (LMT).
 Provides the clock interface, alarm monitoring interface, and USB interface.

The eBBU box is 19 inch in width and 2 U in height and can be installed in 19"-width and
2U-height indoor space or an outdoor cabinet providing protection.
The eBBU includes functions boards, such as the LTE main processing transmission unit
(LMPT), LTE baseband processing unit (LBBPc), and universal power and environment
interface unit (UPEUc). The boards support plug and play, which can be configured as
required.
The following figure shows the dimensions of the eBBU.
The following figure shows the slot layout in the eBBU subrack.
Figure 2-1 eBBU slot
Slot0 Slot4 POWER0

（Slot16）
（Slot18）
Slot1 Slot5
FAN
Slot2 Slot6
POWER1
Slot3 （Slot19）
Slot7
eBBU-related counters
The following table lists eBBU-related counters.
Item Value
Dimensions (H x W x D) 86 mm x 442 mm x 310 mm
Weight ≤ 12 kg (full configuration)
Voltage –48 V DC; range: –38.4 V DC to –57 V DC
Input current Maximum input current for eBBU: 10.6 A (under the
condition with input and output power of 400 W at the voltage
of –40 V)
Circuit breaker for power input: 12 A

Item Value
CPRI port Each LBBPc provides six CPRI ports.
Supporting standard CPRI4.1 ports and also compatible with
CPRI3.0 ports.
Transmission port Supporting two FE/GE electrical ports, two FE/GE optical
ports, or
one FE/GE electrical port+one FE/GE optical port
Power consumption Typical power consumption ≤ 300 W (three LBBPc boards)
Typical power consumption ≤ 150 W (one LBBPc)
Heat radiation Cooling (air intake from the left and air exhaust from the right)
2.2.6 eRRU
The eRRU is a remote radio unit and forms the RF unit of a distributed base station. The RRU
can be installed on a pole, wall, or rack and can also be installed close to the antenna. That
helps reduce the feeder length and signal loss and improve the coverage and capacity of the
system. The eRRU provides functions, including modulation and demodulation of baseband
signals and RF signals, data processing, power amplification, voltage standing wave ratio
(VSWR) detection.
The following table lists key parameters related to the eRRU.
Parameter Value
Number of antennas 4 antennas
Output power 1 U:3 D; 20 W/channel
Physical parameters Dimensions: 480 mm x 270 mm x 140 mm
Weight: < 18.5 kg
Power supply AC: 90 V to 290 V
DC: –36 V to –57 V
Power consumption Typical average power consumption:
1785 MHz: 350 W
1800 MHz: 320 W
2.2.7 EP680
EP680 is a hand-held terminal of LTE TDD broadband trunking and uses the Android
operating system. It is a trunking phone used in a private network.
 The LTE-based broadband trunking terminal can meet requirements of high-data-rate
services such as data services and video services.
 The EP680 is a dual-SIM dual-standby handset supporting LTE TDD and
GSM/WCDMA.

 The thin film transistor (TFT) transflective screen is used and contents are visible under
strong light.
 The EP680 provides good voice quality and even can work properly in a quite noisy
environment.
 Security control including radio interface encryption and end-to-end encryption is
supported.
Category Service Name
Speech service Supporting point-to-point private call

Supporting trunking call, broadcast call, and emergency call.
Supporting the push-to-tack (PTT) function in emergency call
Supporting PSTN/PABX call
Data service Streaming

HTTP/WAP
GPS positioning
Video surveillance
OTA download
SMS/MMS
Security control Radio-interface encryption

Radio-interface integrity protection
Power-on password
User security Emergency call key

Emergency alert
Keypad lock
PTT function in emergency call
2.2.8 EG860
CPE EG860 is an LTE TDD wireless router and can access the IP network for data service
transmission. The EG860 has the following characteristics:
 Applies to the LTE TDD networks; supports the frequency bands of 1447–1467 MHz
and 1785–1805 MHz.
 Provides high-data-rate data services and supports the maximum transmission data rate:
100 Mbit/s on the downlink and 50 Mbit/s on the uplink.
 Supports receive diversity and load balancing, maximizing the network coverage and
network value.
 Provides in-built DHCP server, DNS client, and NAT functions and powerful
high-data-rate routing capability.

 Provides rich security services and provides timely protection to protect the network
from potential security risks and invasion of illegal users.
 Uses Web-based management, convenient and straight.
 Uses ID-based design, super-thin and small.
 Uses in-built LTE TDD high-gain antennas to ensure performance, portable and
convenient. External antennas can also be selected to ensure proper use in poor radio
environment.
 Uses LED indicators, convenient for observing the equipment use status.
 Complies with the protection class IP65.
Related technical parameters are as follows:
metI Description
Technical standard WAN:

LTE TDD 3GPP Release 9
LAN: IEEE 802.3/802.3u
WLAN: IEEE 802.11b/g/n
Frequency band LTE TDD 1.4 GHz: 1447–1467 MHz

1.8 GHz: 1785–1805 MHz
WLAN 2.4 GHz: 2.401–2.483 GHz
Frequency band
External port LAN port: one (RJ45)

Antenna port: 2
Power operating indicator
One TDD signal indicator
Max. transmit power LTE TDD ≤ 23 dBm (+2/-2)

WLAN 802.11n: < 13 dBm
802.11g: < 15 dBm
802.11b: < 16 dBm
Power consumption ≤ 30 W
Power supply 220 V AC PoE, PoE (48 V DC)
Dimensions (H x W x D) 240 mm x 200 mm x 60 mm
Temperature Operating temperature: –40°C – +60°C

Storage temperature: –40°C – +70°C
Humidity 5%–95%
Installation mode Installed on a pole or wall

2.3 Function and Feature

The eWBB LTE professional broadband multimedia trunking solution provides the following
functions using a single network: professional trunking voice, broadband data transmission,
and video surveillance/video dispatch. It also has substantial technical advantages in terms of
network reliability, security, and scalability.
This section describes the functions and features of the eWBB LTE professional broadband
multimedia trunking solution in details. The functions include trunking call, broadband data
transmission, video, positioning, security and encryption, reliability, and
single-station/communications vehicle solution.
2.3.1 Trunking Voice

The LTE TDD broadband trunking communication system can flexibly arrange groups based
on special requirements of each conversation group. Once groups are determined, the dispatch
console or a trunking voice user can use the trunking call function of the LTE TDD private
network to initiate a call to a predefined group.
Bearing Channel of Trunking Call

Based on the characteristics that the trunking service is from one point to multiple points,
bearing channels for fast paging, control messages, and service services are added to the
downlink over the radio interface of the LTE TDD system. A resource can be shared by
multiple users to save resources of the radio interface and satisfy the characteristics of group
call that multiple persons listen to one person.
A group paging channel (GPCH) is added to downlink transmission channels for trunking call
services. The GPCH carries trunking paging information for rapid access to trunking services.
Three logical channels are added, including group paging control channel (GPCCH), group
control channel (GCCH), and group traffic channel (GTCH).
The GPCCH is a dedicated paging channel for trunking services and carries trunking paging
information.
The GCCH is a downlink channel transmitting trunking control information and carries a
series of trunking control information about group establishment, group release, and
speak-right notification.
The GTCH is a downlink channel transmitting trunking traffic information and carries data of
a trunking service.
Trunking Call Process

Trunking users include a speaker and listeners.
The speaker has a dedicated RRC connection for trunking services. The mobility and
handover procedures for the speaker are the same as those in the original LTE system.
Messages of the RRC connection procedure carry measurement parameters and measurement
report information to the speaker.
Listeners do not have RRC configuration for trunking services. Different from the original
LTE protocol, listeners in the idle state also need handovers to ensure continuity of listening.
The system information SIB20 carries measurement parameters and measurement report
information to each listener.

Uplink: The data of the speaker reaches the eNodeB over the Uu interface. The eNodeB
establishes a bearer over the S1 interface to transfer voice data to the eCN. Then, the eCN
forwards the data to the dispatch center over the Tx interface.
Downlink: The dispatch center sends voice data to the eCN over the Tx interface and the eCN
sends the voice data to eNodeBs in a group through the S-GW and S1 interface. Then, the
eNodeBs send the voice data to the listeners through the GTCH.
Interface signaling and data channels related to the group establishment and cancellation are
controlled by an eNodeB. If there are multiple cells under an eNodeB, the eNodeB copies
related information.
Activation of the speaker in a group requires configuration of RRC signaling and voice radio
bearer (RB). The uplink voice is uploaded through the user-specific voice RB. When the
speakers talk, data in the downlink GTCH does not need to be listened.
Listeners in a group are activated to listen to the group paging. By obtaining group
configuration information in the group paging, they can listen to group calls over the
downlink group call RB configured for the group.
Establishment of a group can be initiated by the UE or by the dispatch server. If group
establishment is initiated by the UE, the procedure is as follows:
1. If a UE is in the RRC-IDLE state, the UE needs to initiate random access to trigger the
RRC connection establishment procedure. If the UE is in the RRC-CONNECTED state
and in the uplink out-of-synchronization state or the UE does not have PUCCH resources,
the UE needs to initiate random access to obtain the uplink scheduling grant.
2. After the RRC connection is established, the UE directly sends an uplink transmission
message carrying non-access stratum (NAS) signaling to instruct the eCN to initiate a
group establishment procedure.
3. After receiving the message from the eNodeB, the eCN decodes the PTT speaker request
in the NAS message to obtain the speaker identity and target group ID.
4. The eCN completes message exchange with the dispatch server and requires for group
establishment grant.
5. The eCN obtains the grant from the dispatch server and then sends resources for
Uu-interface dedicated bearer setup over the S1 interface to the eNodeB.
6. The eNodeB uses the RRC connection reconfiguration procedure to establish a bearer to
carry the speaker's data. The data bearer is used to carry uplink voice of the speaker,
assign uplink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configuration, including SPS C-RNTI,
and send a response message to the eCN.
7. After receiving the response message, the eCN updates user contexts and records
user-plane resources.
8. After obtaining the grant, the eCN queries eNodeBs where users in the group are
distributed and then sends a message to the eNodeBs, instructing the eNodeBs to
establish group resources, including bearers over the radio interface and the S1 interface.
9. After receiving the message from the eCN, the eNodeBs establish group entities in
corresponding cells, one group entity in a cell. The entities include the PDCP, RLC,
MAC, physical-layer entities. Only one RRC entity is established to correspond to one
S1 link. The RRC entity controls establishment, modification, and release of L2 and L1
resources of multiple cells.
10. After establishing radio interface resources, the eNodeBs send paging messages
periodically through the GPCCH, carrying information about group ID, group GRNTI
(assigned by the eNodeB), call type, and group resource configuration index. At the

same time, each eNodeB sends a response to the eCN, indicating that the group resources
are successfully established.
11. Users in the group keep listening to the GPCCH. After receiving the first paging
message of the group, the UE saves the GRNTI and starts to establish GCCH– and
GTCH– related entities and contexts, including L2 entities, and then uses the GRNTI to
listen to the PDCCH and receive GCCH and GTCH information.
12. Once receiving the message indicating resources are successfully established from the
eNodeB, the eCN immediately instructs the UE to start talking as the speak-right request
is accepted.
13. After the UE receives the message from the eCN, the user is prompted through voice or
GUI to start talking.
14. The dispatch server periodically sends a speak-right indication message to the eCN,
carrying the group ID, group status information, and speaker information. The eCN
sends the message to the eNodeB. Then, the eNodeB notifies all users in a group of
speak-right indication information through the GCCH.
If the network side initiates group establishment, the dispatch server instructs the eCN to
initiate group establishment and all subsequent establishment procedure is the same as the
procedure initiated by the UE.
Trunking Voice
The voice support has been optimized in the eWBB LTE3.0 broadband trunking
communication system. On the Uu interface, the overhead of IP header in VoIP mode is
directly removed. The user-plane protocol layer of the radio interface directly carries the
AMR codec (AMR over LTE). That simplifies speech coding redundancy in VoIP, reduces the
radio-interface overhead, saves radio-interface resources, and supports two types of data rates:
4.75 kbit/s and 12.2 kbit/s.
In QPSK mode with the coding rate of 0.6, the downlink 12.2 kbit/s voice in VoIP mode
requires a minimum of three RBs. If the AMR codec of the eWBB LTE professional
broadband trunking solution is used, only two RBs are required. Therefore, compared with
VoIP, the eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution saves 1/3 resources if coding
gains are not considered.
Voice Service Function

Professional voice services are ensured with end-to-end QoS and the call setup delay is less
than 300 ms. The following table lists basic voice functions in eWBB LTE.

2.3.2 Broadband Access

Capability and Advantage
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution supports data transmission in
high-speed mobility scenarios and can download and upload data when a UE moves at a
speed of 120 km/h. In high-speed mobility scenarios, the eNodeB measures the velocity of a
UE to correct the Doppler frequency shift and then ensures high-performance services for the
UE by using the adaptive resource allocation and MIMO allocation algorithms. The LTE
TDD-based wireless private network uses the IP backbone to meet requirements of
communications between the UE software and the other IP devices. The broadband data
transmission capability of the eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is as
follows: in single-carrier mode, data transmission reaches a maximum of 90 Mbit/s rate on the
downlink and 27 Mbit/s on the uplink in a cell with a bandwidth of 20 MHz.
As the most advanced commercial wireless broadband access technology, the LTE TDD
technology has many advantages compared with traditional wireless broadband technologies.
Compared with the 2G/3G/WiMAX/Mcwill technology, LTE TDD has the following
advantages:
 Substantially improves the uplink and downlink peak throughput: 100 Mbit/s on the
downlink and 50 Mbit/s on the uplink.
 Greatly improves the spectrum efficiency.

 Reduces the user-plane delay, which is required to be less than 10 ms.

 Greatly reduces the control-plane delay, which is required to be less than 100 ms.
 Supports flexible bandwidth configuration: 1.4 MHz, 3.0 MHz, 5.0 MHz, 10, MHz, and
20 MHz.
 Optimizes services for UEs moving at a low speed or a high speed.
 Supports paired or unpaired spectrums.
Compared with the WiFi technology, LTE TDD has the following advantages:
 Supports service mobility to ensure uninterrupted services when a UE moves within the
coverage of a network.
 Effectively supports various types of services with end-to-end QoS ensured, especially
for voice and video services.
 Provides charging and operation management at the levels of site, user, and service.
 Supports flexible bandwidth configuration: 1.4 MHz, 3.0 MHz, 5.0 MHz, 10, MHz, and
20 MHz.
 Optimizes services for UEs moving at a low speed or a high speed.
 Supports paired or unpaired spectrums.
 Supports various types of terminals and robust terminal product chain.
Service QoS Guarantee

The QoS mechanism can ensure the quality (such as the bandwidth, priority, delay, and
throughput) of system services by properly using network resources and meet different
transmission needs of different types of services for users of different levels.
The LTE system uses EPS dedicated bearers to ensure the QoS. The operator can configure
QoS strategies of different levels to meet requirements of delay, rate, packet error rate, and
priority. The QoS strategies can apply to the level of user, service, or connection.
Bearer Networking
The LTE TDD-based wireless private network uses the IP backbone and the internal
physical-layer implementation mode in an enterprise network is IP over Ethernet. The
eNodeB and eCN connect to the enterprise IP backbone.

Typical enterprise IP networks are designed to be hierarchical and modular based on the
access layer, convergence layer, core layer, and export layer. The easiest topology diagram is
as follows:
Corresponding solutions are also provided for special scenarios, such as emergency
communications vehicles/single site, site without wired transmission, and adaptive network.
Important characteristics of a typical enterprise IP network are that there is no failure of single
point in the network. The switches and links all work in redundancy mode. The access
switches connect to the core switch through the dual-homing or ring network. The
convergence switch connects to the core switch through the dual-homing network. The trunk
link is used between switches to ensure the link-level reliability.
2.3.3 Video Function

Video Surveillance
Video surveillance using the handset camera or fixed wireless video is supported. Uplink
backhaul of multi-channel real-time video data is supported because the broadband trunking
private network provides large-bandwidth transmission.
The camera on a handset can be open manually or using a command from the dispatch
console so that the handset encodes and returns video information in real time. A handset
supports the following formats: D1 (720 x 480) at 25 frames/second, 720P (1280 x 720) at 25
frames/second, and 1080P at 15 frames/second. The D1 format is used by default. The 720P
and 1080P formats need to be supported by rear cameras of handsets only. The format cannot
be changed after backhaul.

Video and audio backhaul is supported or only video backhaul is supported. The audio can be
turned on or off when the video is played on the video receiver.
Video backhaul by using a fixed camera supports the 1080p format at 25 frames/second.
Intercommunication with the subsidiary device connecting to a fixed camera or bound voice
equipment is supported.
2.3.4 Positioning
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking system supports GPS-based positioning
services. The terminal can use the traffic bearer provided by the eNodeB to transmit its GPS
information to an upper-layer application for corresponding positioning services.
 A terminal can be displayed on an electrical map in one of the following three states:
GPS reporting enabled, satellite searching failed, and GPS reporting disabled.
 If the handset fails in satellite searching or disables GPS reporting, the UE location in the
latest GPS update and the time of the latest GPS update are displayed on the electronic
map.
 A handset can be positioned on the electronic map by displaying the status, location, and
direction information of the handset. Cross-border alert is supported.
 The handset can be associated with other functions. On the electrical map, you can select
a handset to trigger video surveillance, video distribution, point-to-point video call,
point-to-point voice call, and text messages.
 The electronic map displays the position of a fixed camera. You can use the electrical
map to configure the camera and view surveillance pictures.
 The period for a handset to report GPS location update information can be set on the
server. The period can be set to 1s, 2s, 5s, 10s, 15s, or 30s. The default value is 30s.
2.3.5 Security Encryption

The security mechanism of a wireless private network falls into three types: radio-interface
authentication and encryption, transmission security, and end-to-end encryption.
Radio-Interface Authentication and Encryption

Same as an LTE TDD-based public network, the security mechanism of a TDD-based private
network includes EPS authentication and key agreement (AKA), access stratum (AS) security
mechanism, and non-access stratum (NAS) security mechanism.
Radio-interface authentication of a TDD-based private network is bi-directional
authentication, including UE authentication by the network and network authentication by the
UE. The AS security indicates the security between the UE and the eNodeB and is used to
implement encryption and integrity protection for AS signaling and confidentiality protection
for user-plane data. The NAS security indicates the security between the UE and the MME
and is used to implement confidentiality and integrity protection for NAS signaling.

The procedure for radio-interface authentication and encryption of a TDD-based private

network is described as follows:
1. Authentication and key agreement procedure
The purpose of authentication and key agreement in a TDD-based wireless private
network is to use the key shared by the authentication center (AUC) and the USIM card
to generate the AS and NAS subkeys for encryption and authentication. Therefore,
security contexts of the access network and non-access network are established between
the UE and the network.
2. Terminal security activation procedure
In a TDD-based wireless private network, the NAS and AS independently perform
encryption and integrity protection. Their security activation is performed through SMC
commands after the AKA procedure.
The NAS and AS security for the terminal is activated in the following order on the
network side: activate NAS security before AS security.
3. NAS security mode procedure
The NAS security mode procedure is initiated by the network. The SMC message sent
by the MME goes through the NAS for integrity protection.
After receiving the SMC message, the UE first compares the IE UE security capabilities
in the message with that in the SMC message sent by the UE to check whether the IE is
modified.
4. AS security mode procedure
Immediately after NAS security activation, AS security activation is performed by using
the AS SMC command.
5. Obtaining terminal key
After NAS and AS security activation, keys of confidentiality and integrity protection are
generated for the NAS and AS, respectively.
After obtaining the keys of confidentiality and integrity protection, the UE performs
encryption and integrity protection for data and signaling based on AS and NAS security
parameters.

Transmission Security
The objective of transmission security is to ensure security of transmission bearers. NEs
involved in transmission security of the LTE system include eNodeB, UE, MME, S-GW,
M2000, clock server, and interfaces between NEs and eNodeBs, as shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2 Transmission security protection nodes in the LTE system
Transmission security threats come from the transmission bearer network. The transmission
bearer network can transfer data over the S1/X2/OM interface and is generally established by
the telecom operator or rented from a third party. If the transmission bearer network does not
provide a security mechanism, unencrypted data transmitted over the S1/X2/OM interface is
vulnerable to security threats.
Security features in eWBB LTE3.0 are as follows:
 Guards against attacks from malformed packets, such as TCP-flag and ping of death.
 Prevents DOS/DDOS attacks, such as SYN flood, ICMP flood, UDP flood, and ICMP
redirection and unreachable messages.
 Prevents ARP flood attacks and ARP spoofing.
 Supports access control list (ACL) port filtering.
 Supports virtual local area networks (VLANs).

2.3.6 Reliability
eNodeB Reliability Design
Backup of the main control board and baseband board is considered in the eNodeB reliability
design.
 LMPT backup
If only one LMPT is configured on an eNodeB, services will be interrupted for a long
period when the LMPT becomes faulty. In the solutions, cold backup of LMPT is used
and services can be recovered automatically in 3 min. The LMPT redundancy design
helps improve the eNodeB usability. Cold backup allows the standby board to be
powered on but does not back up signaling and service data of the active board. In board
switchover, original services on the active board are interrupted. The procedure for cold
backup of LMPT is active-standby competition, data backup, and active-standby
switchover.
If two LMPTs are configured for the eNodeB, the eNodeB determines to use one of the
two LMPTs as the active LMPT upon start-up. The active LMPT performs control and
operation functions and provides most connection to public transmission networks.
When the active board is detected to be faulty in the software or hardware, the board
state changes from active to standby. At the same time, the state of the original standby
board becomes active. The interrupted services can be automatically recovered in three
minutes. LMPT switchover can also be triggered manually.
 LBBP backup
When an LBBP on the eNodeB becomes faulty, cells on the LBBP are affected. An
eNodeB can be configured with multiple LBBPs for LBBP backup. In this way, when an
LBBP becomes faulty, cells on the LBBP can be recovered on another running LBBP
with idle resources or on the standby LBBP. This improves the system reliability.
The LBBP allocates independent processing resources for a service. When resources that
process the service become overloaded, resources are out of balance. Usable processing
resources of one LBBP can be converged to a baseband resource pool for load sharing.
This feature ensures the reliability and robustness of the eNodeB and also improves the
average cell capacity.
eCN Reliability Design

In the software and hardware design for the eCN, the distributed structure and redundancy are
used to ensure reliability of the system.
Based on the distributed structure for the software and hardware, functional modules are
designed for distributed processing. Functions of all modules are independent and are
controlled by different modules. A faulty module does not affect normal operation of the
whole system.
The software and hardware of the eCN is designed to work in backup and load balancing
mode to ensure reliability of the system. Boards can work in backup mode or load balancing
mode and there is no fault of single point.
Key components all use the multi-processor redundancy technology. For example, the ESUs
are all designed to use active and standby processes. In normal cases, the active processor
controls the operation of a module and the standby processor synchronizes with the active
processor in real time. If the active processor becomes faulty, the standby processor
immediately replaces the active processor to ensure service continuity.

Most service modules and interface modules of the ESU are designed to work in load
balancing mode. For example, when multiple TUP processes work properly, they all support
the PTT function. If one of the PTT processes becomes faulty, other PTT processes can
undertake processing tasks of the faulty module under the premise that certain performance
counters are normal to ensure normal operation of the whole system.
The following table lists operating mode for boards of the eCN.
Board Type Board Name Backup Mode

Maintenance board OMU 1+1 cold backup
System board SWU 1+1 load balancing
SMU 1+1 hot backup
Service board ESU 1+1 process-level hot backup
Interface board USI 1+1 cold backup
SWI 1+1 load balancing
SDM 1+1 hot backup
QXI 1+1 hot backup or 1+1 load
balancing
NE-level Reliability Design

The eCN pool provides the remote disaster tolerance function and is designed based on the
S1-Flex feature. The eCN pool provides disaster-recovery backup only but not load balancing
due to the broadcast characteristics of PTT services.
The MME pool is used for load balancing and disaster-recovery backup. However, PTT
services are broadcast services. Currently, PTT services do not support users distributed on
two eCN devices. The eCN pool provides the disaster-recovery backup function only.
Through new eCN negotiation, the active or standby eCN device is determined to have users
concentrated on one eCN device.
2.3.7 Single-Station System

In scenarios such as ports, military airports, prisons, and single railway station, the coverage
range is round 1–3 km due to the smaller size of the area. In some scenarios, one fixed single
station is configured with three sectors to meet the coverage requirements.
The single-station solution integrates the integrated eNodeB equipment, multimedia dispatch
equipment, power supply equipment, and gateway in a cabinet to form a miniaturized
eNodeB.
The core equipment is the integrated eNodeB equipment. The LTE eNodeB equipment (BBU)
integrates the core network functions. By adding main control boards of the core network on
the eNodeB hardware platform, the eNodeB provides the transmission function, substantially
reducing networking costs. Through remote RRU installation, distributed cell coverage is
provided.

The fixed single-station solution is implemented based on the characteristics of single-station

communications to provide the trunking communications function within the eNodeB
coverage.
Currently, single-station communications allows simple and rapid site deployment and
supports functions including trunking call, private call, and point-to-point video call. Local
and remote maintenance and subscription are also supported.
Characteristics of single-station solution:
 The same subrack combines the BBU and basic core network functions.
 The single eNodeB for broadband trunking services, dispatch server, and video
equipment are all installed in a fixed equipment room.
 Optical fibers are used to connect RRUs and a single eNodeB to form a star topology.
 Each RRU belongs to different cells under the same eNodeB.
 Each RRU uses the S11 or S111 station type for coverage.
 Different remote units can use 5 MHz/10 MHz inter-frequency networking mode.
In the single-station solution, logical NEs, such as the LTE eNodeB, integrated LTE eNodeB
(with core network functions), and LTE core network, can be flexibly formed by configuring
or not configuring main control boards and baseband boards.

Capacity and specifications of single-station solution

Data capacity: The LMPT supports a data processing capacity of 300 Mbit/s on the uplink and
450 Mbit/s on the downlink.
Group capacity: Currently, call access for a maximum of 20 groups can be supported by the
eNodeB.
Volume: 2 U
2.3.8 Emergency Communications Vehicle

Emergency communications vehicle is one of the typical applications of the single-station
solution. Currently, the 1.4 GHz frequency band is used. The emergency communications
vehicle is generally used in scenarios where public networks are unavailable or cannot be
used due to security issues and provides coverage for trunking communications or data
services.
The emergency communications vehicle must be a mobility-capable single-station system.
The number of devices and device size in the single-station system must be minimized due to
limited space in the vehicle. The mobility-capable single-station system can provide trunking
voice services or data services similar to those of a fixed eNodeB. An important requirement
for the emergency communications vehicle is to provide wireless coverage and
communication functions not only in the stationary state but also in the mobility state. Two
different sets of antenna systems are used for switchover.
The emergency communications vehicle includes the communications system and the vehicle
system (communication vehicle platform). The vehicle system consists of the vehicle and
compartment system, conference room system, power supply system, temperature control
system, monitoring system, lighting system, balanced support system, lift mast system,
lightning protection and grounding system, and fire fighting system.
Communications System of the Emergency Communications Vehicle

The communications system of the emergency communications vehicle includes the
single-station system, transmission equipment, dispatch system, control and management
system, audio and video equipment, camera system, inter-RAT interconnection equipment,
terminal equipment, and satellite communications system.
 Single-station system: indicates the HERT-based single-station equipment integrating the
eCN and eBBU, eRRU3253, and 1.4 GHz 8-path antenna.
 Transmission equipment: indicates the L3 switch to support IP port interconnection of
the vehicle's communications system.
 Dispatch system: includes the dispatch server and dispatch console PC, which is used to
dispatch and forward audio and video. The dispatch console PC can also function as a
video access proxy gateway.
 Control and management system: indicates the management PC. This PC is loaded with
the management software of the wireless private network, client decoder software, and
PTZ control software.
 Audio and video equipment: is used for audio and video coding, decoding, switch,
playback, and display.
 Camera system: includes the high-definition (HD) IP camera inside the car and HD
camera system (including the PTZ) outside the car.
 Inter-RAT interconnection device: includes the wireless trunking gateway and
comprehensive access gateway;

 Terminal equipment: includes the private-network hand-held terminal (EP680) and data
backhaul terminal (CPE).
 Satellite communications system: exchanges information between the command center
and the vehicle.
Advantages of the Emergency Communications Vehicle

 The emergency communications vehicle uses the single-station system with small-size
devices, high integration, and low requirements on installation space. Therefore, the
single-station system meets installation requirements in vehicles of various sizes. The
total equipment height of the vehicle-mounted multimedia trunking voice system is less
than 10 U.
 The system can simultaneously support coverage in the stationary state and in the
mobility state, improving the competitiveness of the solution.
 One-click key is used for switching between stationary and mobility, flexible in
operation and easy in usage.
Figure 2-3 System working in the stationary state
 The RRU of the antenna system is lifted along with the antenna, greatly reducing the
feeder loss for about 6 dB, improving the coverage performance and the reliability of the
feeder and feeder interface.
 The RRU connects to the eNodeB using two optical ports. The two ports are configured
for load balancing, doubling the bandwidth. For example, if optical ports are configured
for backup, reliability backup for optical links can be supported. Either load balancing or
backup mode can be flexibly selected.

2.4 Specifications
2.4.1 Specifications in Multi-eNodeB Networking
 Coverage specifications
Coverage Radius 1.4 GHz 1.8 GHZ
(km)
Voice Data (1024 kbit/s) Voice Data (1024 kbit/s)
Urban areas 3.05 2.24 2.23 1.30
Suburbs areas 6.55 4.83 4.79 2.89
Rural areas 10.61 7.81 7.76 4.63
 Specifications of broadband data transmission

In a single cell with a bandwidth of 20 MHz, data transmission can reach up to a
throughput of 90 Mbit/s on the downlink and 27 Mbit/s on the uplink. The delay in data
transmission is less than 10 ms and that in signaling transmission is less than 100 ms.
 Specifications of trunking call
Maximum Number of Bandwidth = 5 MHz 80 groups
Groups in a Single Cell
Bandwidth = 10 MHz 120 groups
Bandwidth = 20 MHz 160 groups
 Number of users supported by the eCN

Maximum Number of Users 100000
Maximum Number of Base Stations 500
Maximum Number of Activated Users 10000
Maximum Number of Groups 2000
Maximum Number of Activated Groups 512
2.4.2 Performance Counters

Performance of the advanced professional trunking system:
 Industry-leading trunking voice counter: The group setup delay is less than 300 ms.
 The speak-right preemption delay is less than 150 ms.
 AMR 12.2 kbit/s trunking voice is supported.

Performance of high-bandwidth and low-delay data access:

 The peak throughput reaches up to 50 Mbit/s on the uplink and 100 Mbit/s on the
downlink.
 The user-plane transmission delay is less than 10 ms.
2.4.3 Specifications of the Emergency Communications Vehicle

The emergency communications vehicle provides coverage in the stationary state and in the
mobility state.
Coverage in the stationary state indicates communications provided when the vehicle does not
move. In the stationary state, the RRU lifts along with the antenna pole and the length of the
feeder connecting the RRU to the antenna is 1.5 m. The feeder and connector loss is 0.5 dB. A
2-path directional dual-polarized antenna is used and the antenna gain is 16 dB. The
maximum antenna installation height is 12 m.
Coverage in the mobility state indicates communications provided when the vehicle moves. In
the mobility state, the RRU does not lift along with the antenna pole. Two whip antennas are
used and the antenna gain is 7 dBi. The antenna installation height is 3 m.
Scenario Coverage Radius in Coverage Radius in

Stationary State Mobility State
Populated Suburb Populated Suburb

Urban Area Area Urban Area Area
512 K data service 0.98 3.81 0.35 1.199

12.2 K trunking voice 1.25 4.887 0.467 1.613
service
4.75 K trunking voice 1.49 5.867 0.551 1.903
service
Antenna installation height for coverage in the stationary state: 12 m; antenna installation
height for coverage in the mobility state: 3 m; frequency for whip antenna: 1.4 GHz

Technical White Paper for eWBB Professional 3 Highlights of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband
3 Highlights of the eWBB LTE Professional

Broadband Trunking Solution
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is a set of broadband trunking
solutions developed based on the industry-leading LTE TDD wireless communication
standards. By using technical advantages of LTE, the eWBB LTE professional broadband
trunking solution adapts to customization development for industry customers and meets the
requirements of using a single network to provide data, video, and trunking voice services,
ensuring stability of high-data-rate transmission and high-security voice communications.
 Stable and reliable system to meet requirements of various industries.
− Reliable redundancy design
− Stable and reliable hardware platform, which has been verified in large-scale
commercial networks.
− High-degree protection design to adapt to all kinds of harsh environments
 Flexible design; easy to maintain
− Developed based on the IP architecture; easy to seamlessly integrate into the existing
industry system
− Supporting remote software download for upgrade, auto configuration, and auto
start-up; easy for maintenance and management
− Simple and clear maintenance interface; easy for operation and maintenance
− Supporting group information updating through the radio interface by management
personnel in the control center
− Powerful terminal management tools; supporting remote, in-batch, and simple auto
configuration and management
− High-integration and miniaturized design; lower costs for rental, installation, and
maintenance
− Security
− Delivered with radio-interface encryption algorithms to ensure security of voice and
data
− Providing a variety of end-to-end encryption interfaces, which can combine with the
professional customer encryption platform to ensure encryption requirements of
professional customers.

Technical White Paper for eWBB Professional 3 Highlights of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband
 Open service platform

− Comprehensive and clear interface design for flexible connection with other systems
− Secondary development interfaces for various service platforms: dispatch services,
applications services, inter-RAT interconnection, and service management, to meet
requirements of various kinds of industry users and professional production dispatch.
− Favorable network channel and interface packaging conversion mechanism to meet
requirements of interconnection with application services of the existing systems
(such as TETRA), providing better services to the existing market
− Rich service interfaces, such as multimedia, geographic information system (GIS),
and short message, to interconnect with a third-party service application server
 Convenient for secondary terminal integration and terminal service development
− Standard MiniPCie card; easy to integrate into existing terminals of industry users for
wireless access of voice and data
− Rich secondary development SDK interface to quickly integrate into the industry
application platform
− Powerful terminal configuration tools for customized terminal settings to ensure that
all staff are acting in concert and everything is under control
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution provides a variety of network
equipment to meet requirements of different coverage scenarios for convenient and flexible
networking

Broadband Trunking Solutions 4 Application Scenarios
4 Application Scenarios
4.1 Trunking Broadband Application Scenarios

4.1.1 Single-Station Scenario
In scenarios such as ports, military airports, prisons, and single railway station, the coverage
range is round 1–3 km due to the smaller size of the area. Therefore, a single eNodeB can
meet coverage requirements.
The integrated single-station equipment integrates the core network functions. Through
remote RRU installation, the coverage area of the integrated single-station can be expanded.
That lowers the solutions costs, simplifies the networking, facilitates network construction
and maintenance, and meets requirements of most small-scale customers.
The following table lists specifications of a single-station network. During networking
planning, one can determine whether the single-station capability can meet the application
requirements by referring the following table.
Bandwidth 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
Trunking Voice 80 groups 160 groups 320 groups
Data Transmission DL 22 DL 45 DL 90
(Mbit/s) UL 6 UL 13 UL 27
HD Video 3 input 6 input 13 input
Emergency communications vehicle is one of the typical applications of the single-station

solution. Emergency communications indicates means of communications temporarily and
flexibly provided for emergency services in scenarios of combats, disaster relief, terrorist
incidents, and communication network failures. The emergency communications vehicle of
the eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is used to provide TDD-based
broadband wireless coverage for an area by using vehicle-mounted satellite or microwave
system to send information to the emergency command center. The vehicle solution can be
combined with the digital soldier system to form a deep operations coordination cell for onsite
rescue or operations command.
The following figure shows the networking diagram for the emergency communications
vehicle solutions.

The eBBU is installed in the communications vehicle and provides functions, including eCN
data exchange, baseband processing, and signal channel allocation. The eRRU can be
installed on top of the communications vehicle and connects to the antenna through a
superflexible feeder. The dispatch server is installed inside the vehicle to provide the audio
and video dispatch functions for the dispatch console. The dispatch console is installed in the
communications vehicle as well as the dispatch and command center. The network
management server is installed in the communications vehicle to provide network
management services. The network management software can be installed in the dispatch
console for network management.
The emergency communications vehicle applies to three scenarios:
 All-service coverage of the LTE TDD-based private network needs to be provided for at
least three kilometers. In this scenario, private network communications is provided for
rescue and major-event assurance.
 The emergency communications vehicle provides coverage for traveling vehicles. The
communications vehicle is in the middle of the vehicle line to provide coverage for
vehicles ahead or behind. The coverage radius is at least 1 km. In this scenario, the
communications vehicle ensures communications between vehicles rushing to the scene.

 The emergency communications vehicle provides enforced coverage for a certain

direction by using the directional 120°antenna, for example, to provide enforced
coverage for a building or provide a remote coverage.
4.1.2 Large-Scale Broadband Trunking Private Network

Industries including army, armed police, smart city, police, and wireless government affair
require larger coverage and have a great number of users. To meet requirements of super users,
the eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution provides a larger-scale broadband
trunking systemized solution using the core network device of 14 U eCNS210. The solution
especially applies to scenarios requiring high confidentiality, good mobility, high wireless
bandwidth, and smooth services in emergency.
The following table lists specifications of the larger-scale broadband trunking solution.
During networking planning, one can determine whether the single-station capability can
meet the application requirements by referring the following table.
Counter Name Value

Maximum Number of Entire-Network Users 100 k
Maximum Number of Entire-Network Groups 2k
Maximum Number of Base Stations 0.5 k
Maximum Number of Online Groups 512
Maximum Number of Online PS Users 10 k
The police wireless private network is a typical application of the large-scale broadband
trunking solution and is developed based on the large-scale broadband trunking solution. It
uses the mobile terminals, customer premises equipment (CPE), and mobile vehicle as the
front-end equipment, uses the comprehensive service platform as the center, and combines
police services to provide centralized dispatch and management and interconnect to other
police systems.

Figure 4-1 Network architecture of the wireless integrated police system
The system mainly applies to the following scenarios:

 Mobile hand-held terminal: supporting real-time video transmission, trunking voice
dispatch, and real-time data query
 Vehicle-mounted mobile station: supporting real-time video transmission, trunking voice
dispatch, and real-time data query
 Security monitoring area not covered by using wired optical cables: wireless access; SD
and HD video supported
 Downtown streets, roads, and key areas in the wireless network coverage area
4.2 Broadband Access Application Scenarios

The LTE TDD system, as the industry-leading mobile broadband wireless technology,
provides high bandwidths to reach a throughput up to 50 Mbit/s on the uplink and 100 Mbit/s
on the downlink and supports high-data-rate high-capacity wireless data access. The LTE
TDD system can apply to fixed and mobile scenarios. It provides wireless channels for video
and data transmission and picture upload to facilitate network deployment.
Fixed data transmission
Currently, many industry customers require fixed video surveillance services and fixed-point
data collection. However, due to restricted construction conditions, IP-based data transmission
over wired connection can no longer meet customer requirements, such as video surveillance
for a smart city, data collection for a government network, video surveillance for
petrochemical and oil production sites, and electrical data upload for the smart grid.
Mobile Broadband Access Data
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution can support data transmission at a
maximum mobility speed of 120 km/h. For data transmission at a mobility speed larger than
120 km/h, a high-speed mobility algorithm can be customized. To support uninterrupted
services at a minimum mobility speed of 120 km/h, latency-sensitive services are optimized
and other mobility-sensitive performance, such as the low-power operation, handover delay,
and PS packet loss rate during handovers, is also optimized. Free mobility services also

include roaming. Roaming allows users to use identities obtained from the homing network in
the visited network, eventually forming unified service charging.
Currently, many industry customers need to receive commands and video data from the
control center or send the data and video collected in the vehicle to the control center for the
purpose of obtaining accurate and real-time onsite information to achieve production safety
goals and expand the wireless application scenarios.
Mobile broadband access applies to scenarios such as wireless transmission for the metro
passenger information system (PIS) and vehicle-mounted video surveillance for the
government network.

Technical White Paper for eWBB Professional 5 Technologies of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband
5
Technologies of the eWBB LTE
The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is a set of broadband trunking
solutions developed based on the industry-leading LTE TDD wireless communication
standards. By using technical advantages of LTE TDD, the eWBB LTE professional
broadband trunking solution provides high-bandwidth and low-latency wireless access. In
addition, by using technical advantages of LTE, the trunking method of the eWBB LTE
professional broadband trunking solution can be customized to achieve the optimal effect.
The LTE TDD technology uses multiple advanced technologies, including OFDM, smart
antennas, and MIMO to achieve excellent broadband transmission and minimize the
transmission latency. In the 20 MHz bandwidth, the data rate can reach up to 50 Mbit/s on the
uplink and 100 Mbit/s on the downlink. The control-plane transmission latency is less than
100 ms and the user-plane transmission latency is less than 10 ms, meeting the requirements
of bandwidth and latency for video services.
The LTE TDD technology has unique advantages in the industry application. Unlike
symmetrical frequency bands in LTE FDD, the LTE TDD technology can use available
frequency band resources as required and frequency resources between 1.4 MHz and 20 MHz
can be selected. In this way, it is easy for industry users to obtain frequency resources. In
addition, the LTE TDD technology uses the timer division duplex mechanism and the uplink
and downlink resources can be configured. The slot ratio between uplink and downlink can be
1:3, 2:2, or 3:1, adapting to different application scenarios.
5.1 History of LTE

Since its inception in 2004, LTE has become the fastest-developing system in the history of
mobile communications. Now accepted as the global standard for the 4th generation (4G) of
mobile broadband, it is supported by all major players in the industry. From the very first
commercial rollout in late 2009, the number of people with access to LTE has soared from
zero to more than 200 million, with 40 live LTE networks in 24 countries (as at December
2011).
The origins of this global success story can be traced back to decisions made back in 2004. At
that time, the deployment of various 3G technologies was in full swing. However, the
researchers saw the attraction of a technology that could not only use new radio spectrums to
provide much faster mobile broadband, but also enable the use of paired and unpaired
spectrum through a combination of FDD and TDD technologies. After examining a variety of

radio technologies, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) settled on the Orthogonal
Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology, and started work on
standardization. Over the years, other technology pretenders to the 4G crown, including
Mobile WiMAX, Flash-OFDM and Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), raised their heads and
gained plenty of media hype.
While some offered superior speeds to LTE in the laboratory, LTE had already won the
backing of major industry players and standardization work was progressing rapidly.
In fact, a successful global mobile standard is as much about developing an ecosystem as it is
about developing an advanced technology.
LTE has been deliberately designed to work flexibly and efficiently across paired and
unpaired, FDD and TDD spectrums, using bands ranging from just 1.4 MHz up to 20 MHz, as
well as to work seamlessly with 3G technologies. The aim has always been to encourage
participation on a global scale and drive down production costs.
3G technologies continued to advance and provide ever higher data rates. LTE developers had
the opportunity to think creatively about how LTE can deliver an even better mobile
broadband experience. For example, how can the LTE uplink deliver maximum data rates
with minimal battery drain?
LTE also benefited from advanced automation techniques that make deploying, optimizing
and tuning the technology almost a matter of "plug-and-play." LTE management systems also
provide immediate and high-quality information, allowing continuous improvement to be
made with high-degree stability.
Today, eight operators in Asia, Europe, Oceania, and South America has opened nine LTE
TDD commercial networks; Sweden Hi3G and China Mobile Hongkong Branch deployed the
LTE FDD/TDD convergence networks. Other commercial LTE TDD networks include Japan
Softbank and India Bharti Telecom. With feedback from live networks showing how people
appreciate its advantages, and with the best brains in the industry working to improve the
experience even further, the future of LTE has never been brighter.
5.2 Key Technologies of LTE TDD

1. OFDM
OFDM is a high-speed transmission technology used in a wireless environment and is
suitable for high-speed data transmission in the wireless mobile channel of multipath
propagation. OFDM can effectively prevent multi-path effects, eliminate inter-symbol
interference, and prevent frequency selective fading. The International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) selects OFDM as the basic technology of 4G mobile
communications because it is suitable for high-data-rate transmission and also has a high
spectrum efficiency. Before that, OFDM was used by European Digital Audio
Broadcasting (DAB), European Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), and IEEE
802.11-based wireless LANs.
The basic idea of OFDM is to divide a given channel in the frequency domain into a
number of orthogonal subchannels, using a subcarrier for modulation in each subchannel
and supporting parallel transmission for subcarriers. Although the channel is not flat and
is frequency selective, the frequency fading of each subchannel is relatively flat due to
the band is very narrow. Each subchannel carries narrowband low-data-rate transmission,
reducing inter-symbol interference
The OFDM technology has the following advantages:

− High-data-rate data streams are processed through serial-to-parallel conversion to

make data symbols on each sub-carrier continuously increase in length, therefore
effectively reducing the inter-symbol interference caused by signal spread in the radio
channel of the wireless channel and reducing complexity in balance of the receiver.
− Orthogonal modulation and demodulation of each subchannel can be implemented
using the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). With development of the DSP
technology, IDFT is very easy to implement. OFDM allows subcarriers to maintain
orthogonal and overlap, therefore improving the spectrum efficiency.
2. MIMO
The MIMO or multiple transmit multiple receive antenna (MTMRA) technology is a
major breakthrough of the smart antenna technology in the field of wireless mobile
communications. MIMO can exponentially increase the capacity and spectrum efficiency
of the communications system without increasing the bandwidth and is also the key
technology used by the 4G mobile communications system.
MIMO allows the transmitter and receiver sides to use multi-antenna and multi-channel.
By number of antennas on the transmitter and receiver, MIMO can also be classified into
single-input multi-output (SIMO) and multiple-input single-output (MISO). In essence,
if the fading between each pair of transmit and receive antennas is independent, multiple
parallel subchannels are formed. On the transmitter side, the transmission information
stream forms N data sub-streams through space-time encoding. The N sub-streams are
emitted by N antennas and are received by M receive antennas after going through spatial
channels. Based on the spatial characteristics of the data stream, the multi-antenna
receiver uses advanced space-time encoding to separate and decode the data sub-streams.
In this way, different information streams are transmitted on the parallel subchannels,
doubling the data rate under the same frequency bandwidth. The MIMO technology has
the following advantages:
− Array: increases the transmit power and forms beams.
− Diversity: reduces interference caused by channel fading.
− Spatial multiplexing: constructs spatial orthogonal channels to double the data rate in
the same bandwidth.
3. Smart Antenna
Smart antenna is a key technology used in the LTE TDD technology and is widely used
in the TD-SCDMA technology with China's own intellectual property rights. The
algorithm and application of smart antennas are verified in the large-scale commercial
use of the TD-SCDMA system. Smart antennas can effectively enhance the capacity and
reduce system interference. With adaptive antenna arrays of the smart antenna, the
system estimates the uplink receive signal channel and then determines the weighting
factor (or beamforming factor) in the antenna delay tap based on certain criteria (such as
the optimal zero-forcing criteria). When signals transmitted by the system go through an
antenna, the signals overlap to form beams of a particular direction. After signals of each
antenna are weighted, the main beam of the antenna directs at desired signals and
adaptively traces signals. The null steering beam directs at interference signals. In this
way, interference can be prevented, the signal-to-noise ratio can be increased, and the
overall system performance can be improved. Compared with the wide beam of the
conventional antenna (or omnidirectional beam), the smart antenna can form a specific
narrow beam with a mobile terminal, reducing interference to other users of the system.
The following figure shows the schematic diagram of the smart antenna.

4. Flat network architecture

In the LTE network, the base station controller (BSC) in 2G and radio network controller
(RNC) in 3G is no more used. The eNodeB directly connects to the core network and
integrates radio resource management and control functions of the original BSC/RNC. In
this way, radio resource management is close to the radio interface. The flat network
architecture can greatly reduce network delay. IP transmission is supported between
eNodeBs and between the core network and the eNodeB. With rapid development of the
IP technology and network, IP transmission resources are easier to obtain than ATM
transmission resources and transmission topology is easy to change, making LTE
networks easier for deployment and maintenance.
5.3 Special Trunking Voice Technology

The LTE TDD technology uses flat network architecture, simplifies the definition of the
communication state machine, and shortens the signaling access delay. A public network uses
the LTE TDD technology for data services (because a 2G network provides good voice
services) and uses VoIP to carry voice traffic. VoIP allows multiple users to share resources
through scheduling for services and cannot meet the performance requirements of
professional trunking voice services in terms of latency and call setup. The eWBB LTE
professional broadband trunking solution performs specialized optimization for voice services
and reaches industry-leading level in counters of trunking voice services. The advantages are
as follows:
1. Takes full advantage of fast access in the LTE TDD technology.

2. Uses NAS messages to replace traditional POC SIP messages.

− Reduces the call setup procedure and message size.
− Reduces the number of NEs participated in the setup procedure.
− Uses the professional UE baseband chip to shorten the message processing time.
3. Shortens the paging cycle.
4. Users in a group listen to the paging channel to obtain information about the group status;
uses a method similar to broadcasting to send information to group users.
5. Reduces consumption of the IP/UDP/RTP header to improve the transmission efficiency
of the radio interface.
With the preceding optimization, the eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution
can reach up to less than 300 ms in the group paging delay for trunking voice services,
meeting or even exceeding the level of the TETRA system.

Broadband Trunking Solutions 6 Summary
6 Summary
In summary, the eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is developed based on
a mature network technology platform and takes full advantage of the industry-leading LTE
TDD technology. It adapts to customization requirements in various industries and is the best
choice for wireless applications.
 The uplink and downlink bandwidth can be flexibly configured, perfectly matching
asymmetric characteristics of the industry application. That helps achieve the best
efficiency in using valuable frequency resources and reduce the customers' investments.
 The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution has rich product forms to meet
requirements of convenient and flexible networking in various scenarios.
 The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution uses a full-service wireless
platform and can provide rich services, including wireless broadband data transmission,
professional trunking dispatch, video transmission, and video dispatch.
 The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution has a reliable system design.
 The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution has a mature industry chain.
The eWBB LTE broadband trunking system can be widely used in the fields of public security,
transport, energy, military, and electric power, and meets urgent needs of industry customers
for a wireless communication system to improve efficiency, ensure safe production, and
increase revenue.

Broadband Trunking Solutions A Acronyms and Abbreviations
A Acronyms and Abbreviations
B
BBU Baseband Unit
C
CN Core Network
E
eCNS evolved Core Network System
eNodeB evolved NodeB
F
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
L
LTE Long Term Evolution
R
RRU Remote Radio Unit
T
TDD Time Division Duplex


ELTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution White Paper20130107

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

ELTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution White Paper20130107

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

eWBB LTE Professional

Broadband Trunking Solution

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

2 Introduction to the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution ................... 4

3 Highlights of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution .................... 28

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

4.1.1 Single-Station Scenario ......................................................................................................................... 30

5 Technologies of the eWBB LTE Professional Broadband Trunking Solution................ 35

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

1.1 Development Trend of Wireless Private Networks

1.2 Status and Issues of Wireless Private Networks

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

1.3 Advantages and Positioning of the eWBB LTE

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

The eWBB LTE professional broadband trunking solution is a new-generation broadband

2.1 System Topology

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

2.2 Description of System Units

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

2.2.3 Multimedia Dispatch Server

2.2.4 Dispatch Console

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7

Figure 2-1 eBBU slot

Slot0 Slot4 POWER0

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 8

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 9

Category Service Name

Speech service Supporting point-to-point private call

Data service Streaming

Security control Radio-interface encryption

User security Emergency call key

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 10

Technical standard WAN:

Frequency band LTE TDD 1.4 GHz: 1447–1467 MHz

External port LAN port: one (RJ45)

Max. transmit power LTE TDD ≤ 23 dBm (+2/-2)

Power supply 220 V AC PoE, PoE (48 V DC)

Dimensions (H x W x D) 240 mm x 200 mm x 60 mm

Temperature Operating temperature: –40°C – +60°C

Installation mode Installed on a pole or wall

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 11

2.3 Function and Feature

2.3.1 Trunking Voice

Bearing Channel of Trunking Call

Trunking Call Process

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 12

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 13

Voice Service Function

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 14

2.3.2 Broadband Access

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 15

 Reduces the user-plane delay, which is required to be less than 10 ms.

Service QoS Guarantee

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 16

2.3.3 Video Function

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17

2.3.5 Security Encryption

Radio-Interface Authentication and Encryption

Issue 1.0 (2012-09-18) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 18