Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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* SECOND DIVISION.
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temporarily and that she will resume the performance of her duties
as soon as the leave allowance expires.·Applying the cited
standards on resignation and constructive dismissal, it is clear that
respondents were constructively dismissed. Hence, their
termination was illegal. The termination of respondentsÊ
employment happened when they were pregnant and expecting to
incur costs on account of child delivery and infant rearing. As noted
by the Court of Appeals, pregnancy is a time when they need
employment to sustain their families. Indeed, it goes against
normal and reasonable human behavior to abandon oneÊs livelihood
in a time of great financial need. It is clear that respondents
intended to remain employed with Saudia. All they did was avail of
their maternity leaves. Evidently, the very nature of a maternity
leave means that a pregnant employee will not report for work only
temporarily and that she will resume the performance of her duties
as soon as the leave allowance expires. It is also clear that
respondents exerted all efforts to remain employed with Saudia.
Each of them repeatedly filed appeal letters (as much as five [5]
letters in the case of Rebesencio) asking Saudia to reconsider the
ultimatum that they resign or be terminated along with the
forfeiture of their benefits. Some of them even went to SaudiaÊs
office to personally seek reconsideration.
Same; Termination of Employment; In termination of cases, the
burden of proving just or valid cause for dismissing an employee
rests on the employer.·„In termination of cases, the burden of
proving just or valid cause for dismissing an employee rests on the
employer.‰ In this case, Saudia makes much of how respondents
supposedly completed their exit interviews, executed quitclaims,
received their separation pay, and took more than a year to file
their Complaint. If at all, however, these circumstances prove only
the fact of their occurrence, nothing more. The voluntariness of
respondentsÊ departure from Saudia is non sequitur.
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LEONEN, J.:
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4 Id.
5 Id., at p. 633.
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6 Id., at p. 596.
7 Id., at pp. 604 and 614.
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8 Id., at p. 625.
9 Id., at p. 62.
10 Id., at p. 635.
11 Id., at pp. 600, 607-608, 618-619, and 627.
12 Id., at pp. 600, 608, 620, and 627.
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13 Id., at p. 600.
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27 Id., at p. 610. See also pp. 715 and 750, Annexes „FF‰ and „EEE‰ of
RespondentsÊ Comment.
28 Id., at pp. 16, 372-373.
29 Id., at pp. 297-307.
30 Id., at pp. 307-312.
31 Id., at pp. 184-201.
32 Id., at pp. 372-383.
33 Id., at p. 383.
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34 Id., at p. 163.
35 Id., at p. 164.
36 Id., at pp. 159-167.
37 Id., at p. 166.
38 Id., at pp. 170-172.
39 Id., at pp. 61-75.
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40 Id., at p. 74.
41 Id., at pp. 106-108.
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42 Id., at p. 9.
43 Id., at p. 21.
44 Id., at p. 22.
45 Id., at pp. 21-23.
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46 Id., at p. 9.
47 Id., at pp. 173-203. SaudiaÊs position paper, attached as Annex „C‰
in the Petition for Certiorari before the Court of Appeals, is attached to
the Petition for Review on Certiorari before this court as Annex „D.‰
48 Id., at p. 176.
49 Id., at pp. 177-181.
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II
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50 Id., at p. 23.
51 Id.
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52 563 Phil. 572; 538 SCRA 261 (2007) [Per J. Nachura, Third
Division].
53 Id., at p. 585; p. 273, citing Coquia and Aguiling-Pangalangan,
Conflict of Laws, p. 64 (1995 ed.); Scoles, Hay, Borchers, Symeonides,
Conflict of Laws, p. 162 (3rd ed., 2000); and Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S.
186, 215; 97 S.Ct. 2569, 2585 (1977), citing Justice BlackÊs Dissenting
Opinion in Hanson v. Denckla, 357 U.S. 235, 258; 78 S. Ct. 1228, 1242
(1958).
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agency and, to the best of his knowledge, no such other action or claim
is pending therein; (b) if there is such other pending action or claim, a
complete statement of the present status thereof; and (c) if he should
thereafter learn that the same or similar action or claim has been filed or
is pending, he shall report that fact within five (5) days therefrom to the
court wherein his aforesaid complaint or initiatory pleading has been
filed.
Failure to comply with the foregoing requirements shall not be curable
by mere amendment of the complaint or other initiatory pleading but
shall be cause for the dismissal of the case without prejudice, unless
otherwise provided, upon motion and after hearing. The submission of a
false certification or noncompliance with any of the undertakings therein
shall constitute indirect contempt of court, without prejudice to the
corresponding administrative and criminal actions. If the acts of the
party or his counsel clearly constitute willful and deliberate forum
shopping, the same shall be ground for summary dismissal with
prejudice and shall constitute direct contempt, as well as a cause for
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administrative sanctions.
61 1997 Rules of Civ. Proc., Rule 16, Sec. 1:
Section 1. Grounds.·Within the time for but before filing the
answer to the complaint or pleading asserting a claim, a motion to
dismiss may be made on any of the following grounds:
....
(e) That there is another action pending between the same parties
for the same cause;
(f) That the cause of action is barred by a prior judgment or by the
statute of limitations[.]
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of Appeals, 399 Phil. 372; 345 SCRA 617 (2000) [Per J. Pardo, First
Division]:
„The doctrine of res judicata is a rule which pervades every well
regulated system of jurisprudence and is founded upon two grounds
embodied in various maxims of the common law, namely: (1) public policy
and necessity which makes it to the interest of the State that there
should be an end to litigation, interest reipublicae ut sit finis litumi; and
(2) the hardship on the individual that he should be vexed twice for the
same cause, memo debet bis vexari et eadem causa.‰
65 Bermann, George A., supra note 54 at p. 87.
„Most civil law jurisdictions are quite unfamiliar with, and find odd,
the notion of dismissals or stays for forum non conveniens; they tend to
address problems of parallel litigation, if at all, through other
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1) The belief that the matter can be better tried and decided
elsewhere, either because the main aspects of the case transpired in
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III
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79 268 Phil. 92; 190 SCRA 90 (1990) [Per J. Feliciano, Third Division].
80 Id., at p. 101; p. 99.
81 Also signed and ratified by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. See
United Nations Treaty Collection <https://treatie s.un.org/Pages/View
Details.aspx?src= TREATY &mtdsg_no=IV- 8&chapter=4&lang=en>.
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un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201249/ v1249.pdf>.
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87 561 Phil. 688; 535 SCRA 184 (2007) [Per J. Carpio, Second
Division].
88 87 Id., at p. 700; p. 593.
89 Pacific Consultants International Asia, Inc. v. Schonfeld,
supra note 74.
90 Bank of America NT&SA v. Court of Appeals, supra note 62.
91 The Manila Hotel Corp. v. National Labor Relations Commission,
supra note 66.
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IV
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VI
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130 Aliling v. Manuel, G.R. No. 185829, April 25, 2012, 671 SCRA 186,
220 [Per J. Velasco, Third Division], citing Exodus International
Construction Corporation v. Biscocho, 659 Phil. 142; 644 SCRA 76 (2011)
[Per J. Del Castillo, First Division] and Lambert Pawnbrokers and
Jewelry Corporation, G.R. No. 170464, July 12, 2010, 624 SCRA 705, 721
[Per J. Del Castillo, First Division].
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133 Id.
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* * Designated acting member per S.O. No. 1910 dated January 12,
2015.
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