SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS1

Judge Jaime Fortunato A. Caringal

Administrative Matters

Basis for Evaluation:

Finals – 45%

Recitation – 35%

Attendance – 20%

 There is no grade of “4.0”. As such, no removals will be given. A student who fails in class
will automatically get a “5.0”.
 At the professor’s discretion, presentations on certain Rules may be assigned to students
who need to make up.
 Every absence in class, whether excused or not, will automatically result in a deduction of
0.25 in the credits given for Attendance. A perfect attendance in class will entitle a student
to a grade of “1.00”.
 Grade Equivalents:

97 – 100 = 1.00
94 – 96 = 1.25
90 – 93 = 1.50
87 – 89 = 1.75
83 – 86 = 2.00
80 – 82 = 2.25
77 – 79 = 2.50
74 – 76 = 2.75
70 – 73 = 3.00
0 – 69 = 5.00

I. Introduction

Rule 72 Subject Matter and Applicability of General Rules

Also cf. Rule 1, Sec 3(c), BP No. 129, as amended, Sec. 19 and 33

Jurisdiction
Subject Matter
Applicability of rules on civil actions
Distinction from civil actions

Mendoza v. Teh, GR 122646, March 14, 1997

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Based on the course outlines of Prof. Gerard L. Chan and Prof. Chrysilla Carissa P. Bautista
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 Portugal v. Portugal-Beltran, GR 155555, August 16, 2005
Reyes Espiridion v. Enriquez, GR 162956, April 10, 2008
Hilado v. CA, GR 164108, May 8, 2009
Sheker v. Estate of Sheker, GR 157912, December 13, 2007
Vda de Manalo v. CA, GR 129242, January 16, 2001
Natcher v. CA, GR 133000, October 2, 2001

II. Rules Conferring Power Over Another's Property

Settlement of Estate of Deceased Persons

Rule 73 Venue and Process

Venue and Meaning of Residence

Limited Jurisdiction of Probate Court
Exceptions to Limited Jurisdiction
Powers and Duties of the Probate Court
Claims For or Against Conjugal Partnership

Eusebio v. Eusebio, 100 Phil 593 (1956)

Garcia Fule v. CA, GR L-40502, November 29, 1976
Cuenco v. CA, GR L-24742, October 26, 1973
San Luis v. San Luis, GR 133743,February 6, 2007
Maloles II v. Phillips, GR 129505, January 31, 2000
Bernardo v. CA, GR L-18148, February 28, 1963
Portugal v. Portugal-Beltran, GR 155555, August 16, 2005, supra
Marcos II v. CA, GR 120880, June 5, 1997
Alipio v. CA, GR 134100, September 29, 2000
Camaya v. Patulandon, GR 144915, February 23, 2004
Pacioles v. Chuatoco-Ching, GR 127920, August 9, 2005
Reyes v. Sotero, et al., GR No. 167405, February 16, 2006
Calma v. Tanedo, 66 Phil 594 (1938)
Ocampo v. Potenciano, 89 Phil 159 (1951)

Rule 74 Summary Settlement of Estates

Extrajudicial Settlement by Agreement and Two-year Lien

Remedies Against Extrajudicial Settlement
Contribution from Distribution, Execution against Bond or Sale of Realty of
Decedent
Petition for Relief (Rule 38, Secs. 1, 3-6)
Reopening by Intervention within Reglementary Period
New Action to Annul Settlement within Reglementary Period
Summary Settlement of Estates of Small Value

Pereira v. CA, GR 81147, June 20, 1989

Pada-Kilario, et al. vs. CA et al., GR 134329, January 19, 2000

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 Avelino v. CA, GR 115181, March 31, 2000
Spouses Domingo v. Roces, GR 147468, April 9, 2003
McMicking v. Sy Conbieng, 21 Phil 211 (1912)
Jerez v. Nietes, 30 SCRA 905 (1969)
Gerona v. de Guzman, 11 SCRA 153 (1964)
Amerol v. Bagumbaran, GR L-3326, September 30, 1987
Estate of Francisco v. Carreon, 95 Phil. 237 (1954)
Cua v. Vargas, GR 156536, October 31, 2006
Bautista v. Bautista, GR 160556, August 3, 2007
Neri v. Heirs of Uy, GR 194336, October 10, 2012

Rule 75 Production of Will. Allowance of Will Necessary

Probate Mandatory
Probate Proceeding in Rem
Who may petition; persons entitled to notice

Maninang v. CA, GR L-57848, June 19, 1982

Rodelas v. Aranza, GR L-58509, December 7, 1982
Cuenco v. CA, GR L-24742, October 26, 1973
Alaban v. CA, GR 156021, September 23, 2005
Uy Kiao Eng v. Lee, GR 176831, January 15, 2010

Allowance or Disallowance of Will (Rules 76 and 77)

Rule 76 Allowance or Disallowance of Will
Rule 77 Allowance of Will Proved Outside of the Philippines and
Administration of Estate Thereunder

Jurisdictional Requirements for Probate of Will

Scope of Inquiry of Probate Proceeding
Proof Required on Probate Hearing
Grounds for Disallowance (Secs. 9, 10 & 13)
Effects of Probate
Reprobate

De Aranz v. Galing, 161 SCRA 628 (1988)

Maninang v. CA, GR L-57848, June 19, 1982, supra
Rodelas v. Aranza, GR L-58509, December 7, 1982, supra
Gan v. Yap, GR L-12190, August 30, 1958
Baltazar v. Laxa, GR 174489, APril 11, 2012
Palaganas v. Palaganas, GR 169144, January 26, 2011
Leon & Ghezzie v. Manufacturers Life Ins. Co.,GR L-3677, November 29, 1951
Suntay v. Suntay, 95 Phil 500 (1954)
Vda. de Perez v. Tolete, GR 76714, June 2, 1994
Ancheta v. Guersey-Dalaygon, GR No. 139868, June 8, 2006

Letters Testamentary and of Administration (Rules 78 - 85)

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Rule 78 Letters Testamentary and of Administration, When and to Whom
Issued

When and to whom letters of administration granted

Qualifications
Order of Preference

Ngo The Hua v. Chung Kiat Hua,GR L-17091, September 30, 1963
Maloles II v. Phillips, GR 129505, January 31, 2000, supra
Lim v. Diaz-Millares, GR L-17633, October 19, 1966
Baluyut v. Cruz-Pano, GR L-42088, May 7, 1976
Tan v. Del Rosario, GR L-35903, October 27, 1932
Angeles v. Maglaya, GR 153798, September 2, 2005
Vancil v. Belmes, GR 132223, June 19, 2001
Gabriel v. CA, GR 101512, August 7, 1992
De Guzman v. Limcolioc, GR L-46134, April l8, 1939
Torres v. Sicat, GR L-5236, May 25, 1953
Suntay III v. Suntay, GR 183053, June 16, 2010 and October 10, 2012

Rule 79 Opposing Issuance of Letters Testamentary; Petition and Contest

for Letters of Administration

Interested Party
Duran v. Duran,GR L-23372, June 14, 1967
Tayag v. Tayag-Gallor, GR 174680, March 24, 2008
Gutierrez Del Campo v. Calderon, GR 39769, March 9, 1934
Garcia vda. de Chua v. CA, GR 116835, March 5, 1998
De Guzman v. Angeles, GR 78590, June 20, 1988

Rule 80 Special Administrator

Circumstances Warranting Appointment of Special Administrator

Qualifications
Powers and Duties of Special Administrator
Removal of Special Administrator

Heirs of Castillo v. Gabriel, GR 162934, November 11, 2005

Corona v. CA, GR L-59821, August 30, 1982
Roxas v. Pecson, GR L-2211, December 20, 1948
Ocampo v. Ocampo, GR 187879, July 5, 2010
Tan v. Gedorio, Jr., GR 166520, March 14, 2008
Pijuan v. Guerra, GR L-21917, November 29, 1966
Cobarrubias v. Dizon, 76 Phil 209 (1946)
Co v. Rosario et al., GR No. 160671, April 30, 2008

Rule 81 Bonds of Executors and Administrators

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Conditions of the Bond

Tan v. Go Chiong Lee, GR 21969, September 25, 1924

Cosme de Mendoza v. Pacheco, 64 Phil 134 (1937)
Luzon Surety Co., Inc. v. Quebrar, 127 SCRA 295 (1984)

Rule 82 Revocation of Administration, Death, Resignation, and Removal

of Executors or Administrators

Co v. Rosario et al., GR No. 160671, April 30, 2008, supra

Ocampo v. Ocampo, GR 187879, July 5, 2010, supra

Rule 83 Inventory and Appraisal. Provision for Support of Family

Period
Provisional Inclusion in Inventory

Hilado v. CA, GR 164108, May 8, 2009

Aranas v. Mercado, GR 1516407, January 5, 2014
Moore & Sons v. Wagner, GR L-25842, March 18, 1927
Santero v. CFI of Cavite, GR L-61700, September 14, 1987

Rule 84 General Powers and Duties of Executors and Administrators

Powers
Conflict of Interest

San Diego v. Nombre, 11 SCRA 165 (1964)

Jaroda v. Cusi, 28 SCRA 1008 (1969)
Mananquil v. Villegas, August 30, 1990

Rule 85 Accountability and Compensation of Executors and

Administrators

Duty to Account
Charges and Expenses of the Administrator
Improper Charges

De Gala-Sison v. Maddela,GR L-24584, October 30, 1975

Tumang v. Laguio, GR 50277, February 14, 1980
Quasha v. LCN Construction Corp., GR 174873, August 26, 2008
Uy Tioco v. Imperial, GR L-29414, July 17, 1928

Claims Against the Estate (Rules 86 and 88)

Rule 86 Claims Against Estate

Rule 88 Payment of the Debts of the Estate

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Period to File Claims; Exceptions; Statute of Non-Claims
Nature of Claims
Procedure
Payment of Debts
Attorney’s fees

Heirs of Pizarro v. Consolacion, G.R. No. 51278, 8 May 1988

Aguas v. Llemos, GR L-18107, August 30, 1962
Bank of P.I. v. Concepcion & Hijos, Inc., 53 Phil 806 (1928)
Imperial Ins. Co. v. David, 133 SCRA 317 (1984)
Stronghold v. Republic, GR 147561, June 22, 2006
MBTC v. Absolute Management Corporation, G.R. No. 170498, January 9, 2013
Maglasang v. Manila Bank, GR 171206, September 23, 2013
Santos v. Manarang, 27 Phil 209 (1914)
Estate of Olave v. Reyes, 123 SCRA 767 (1983)
Bautista v. De Guzman, GR L-28298, November 25, 1983
Jacob v. CA, GR 88602, April 6, 1990
Briones v. Henson-Cruz, GR 159130, August 22, 2008
Salonga Hernandez v. Pascual, GR No. 127165, May 2, 2006

Actions by and against Executors and Administrators (Rules 87 and 89)

Rule 87 Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators
Rule 89 Sales, Mortgages, and other Encumbrances of Property of
Decedent

Recovery of Estate Property

Requisites before creditors may bring an action for recovery of property fraudulently
conveyed by the deceased
Provisional Authority of Probate Court
Damages Arising from Crime
Sales, mortgages and other encumbrances of property of decedent

Rioferio et. al. v. CA,GR 129008, January 13, 2004

Valera v. Inserto, GR L-56504, May 7, 1987
Quirino v. Gorospe, GR L-58797, January 31, 1989
In re: Probate of Last Will and Testament of Basilio Santiago, GR 179859, August 9,
2010
ABS CBN v Office of Ombudsman, GR 133347, April 23, 2010
CFI of Rizal v. CA, L-51785, July 25, 1981
Pahamotang v. PNB, GR 156403, March 31, 2005

Rule 90 Distribution and Partition of the Estate

Partial Distribution
Order of Partition/Distribution
Recognition of Heirship

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 Gatmaitan v. Medina, GR L-14400, August 5, 1960
Quasha Pena v LCN Construction Corp, GR 174873, August 26, 2008, supra
Torres v. Encarnacion, GR L-4681, July 31, 1951
Imperial v. Munoz, GR L-30787, August 29, 1974
Silvio v. CA, GR 83484, February 2, 1990
Nunal v. CA, GR 94005, April 6, 1993
Guy v. CA, GR 163707, September 15, 2006

Other Rules

Rule 91 Escheats

Also cf. Act No. 3936; R.A. No. 8435; Constitution, Art. XII, Secs. 2, 3, 7 and 8; Art. XIII,
Sec. 1

When to file
Requisites for filing of petition
Remedy of respondent against petition; period for filing a claim

Municipal Council of San Pedro v. Colegio de San Jose, GR L-45460, February 25,
1938
Tan v. City of Davao, GR L-44347, September 29, 1988
Republic v. CA & Solano, GR 143483, January 31, 2002
RCBC v. Hi-Tri Development Corp., GR 192413, June 13, 2012

Rule 98 Trustees

Distinguished from executor/administrator

Conditions of bond
Requisites for the removal and resignation of a trustee; grounds for removal
Extent of authority of a trustee

De Leon v. Molo-Peckson, GR L-17809, December 29, 1962

Araneta v. Perez, GR L-16185-86, May 31, 1962
Saltiga de Romero v. CA, GR 109307, November 25, 1999
Landbank v. CA, GR 129368, August 25, 2003

Rule 107 Absentees

Also cf. Rule 73, Sec. 4; Civil Code, Art. 381to 391; Family Code, Art. 41

Purpose of the Rule

Who may file?
When to file?

Republic v. Nolasco, GR 94053, March 17, 1993

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 Tol-Noquero v. Villasor, GR 84250, July 20, 1992
Santos v. Santos, GR 1877061, October 8, 2014
Republic v. Cantor, GR 184621, December 10, 2013

III. Rules in Relation to Marriage

Declaration of Absolute Nullity of Void Marriages and Annulment of Voidable

Marriages

AM No. 02-11-10-SC dated March 4, 2003; OCA Circular No. 96-03 dated July 31, 2003;
Rule 9, Sec. 3(e); Rule 34, Sec. 1; Rule 108; Family Code, Arts. 35 to 54

Rayray v. Chae Kyung Lee, GR L-18176, October 26, 1966

Tuazon v. CA, GR 116607, April 10, 1996

Legal Separation

AM No. 02-11-11-SC dated March 4, 2003; OCA Circular 96-03 dated July 31, 2003; Rule 9,
Sec. 3(e); Rule 34, Sec. 1; Rule 108; Family Code, Arts. 55 to 67

Fujiki v. Marinay, GR 196049, June 26, 2013

Tuazon v. CA, GR 116607, April 10, 1996, supra

Provisional Orders

AM No. 02-11-12-SC dated March 4, 2003

Calderon v. Roxas, GR 185595, January 9, 2013

Lua v. Lua, GR 1752790-80, June 5, 2013

Judicial Separation of Property

Family Code, Art. 135

De Ugalde v. De Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

Noveras v. Noveras, GR 188289, August 20, 2014

IV. Rules on Family Welfare

Guardianship

Rules 92 to 97 [in relation to incompetents]; AM No. 03-02-05-SC dated April 1, 2003) [in
relation to minors]

General powers and duties of guardians

Conditions of the bond of the guardian
Rule on guardianship over minors

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 Parco v. CA, GR L-33152, January 30, 1982
Paciente v. Dacuycuy, GR L-58319, June 29, 1982
Badillo v. Ferrer, GR 51369, July 29, 1987
Uy v. Jardeleza, GR 109557, November 29, 2000
Vancil v. Belmes, GR 132223, June 19, 2001, supra
Goyena v. Ledesma-Gustilo, GR 147148, January 13 2003

Adoption

AM No. 02-6-02-SC dated July 31, 2002

Domestic Adoption

R.A. No. 8552 (1998); R.A. No. 9523; BP No. 129, Sec. 6, 7 and 20; R.A. No. 8369, Sec. 5

Jurisdiction and Venue

Eligible Parties (RA No. Sec. 4-5, 7-8; RA No. 9523, Sec. 2, 3-8)
Consent to Adoption (RA No. 8552, Sec. 9; RA No. 9523, Art. 2(2))
Procedure (RA No. 8552, Sec. 7-18, 21-24)
Effects of Adoption (RA No. 8552, Sec. 10, Sec. 16-18)
Rescission and Revocation (RA No. 8552, Sec. 19-20)

Republic v. Toledano and Sps. Clouse, GR 94147, June 8, 1994

Republic v. Miller, GR 125932, April 21, 1999
In re: Michelle Lim, G.R. No. 168992, May 21, 2009
Cang v. Clavano, GR 105308, September 25, 1998
In re: Stephanie Garcia, G.R. No. 148311, March 31, 2005
Lahom v. Sibulo, GR 143989, July 14, 2003
Castro v. Gregorio, G 188801, October 15, 2014

Inter-Country Adoption

RA No. 8043 and IRR; RA No. 9523

When allowed
Functions of the RTC
“Best interest of the minor” standard

Custody and Commitment of Minors

AM No. 03-04-04-SC
Also cf. AM No. 02-11-12-SC, Sec. 1, 4-6 [re: Procedure on Custody in Petitions for
Declaration of Absolute Nullity or Void Marriages or Legal Separation];AM No. 02-1-19-SC
(dated February 28, 2002), Sec. 4-6 [re: Custody of Vagrant or Abused Children]

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 Briones v. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, 18 October 2004
Sy v. CA, GR 124518, December 27, 2007
Pablo-Gualberto v. Gualberto, GR 154994, June 28, 2005
Militante v. Cada-Deapera, GR 210636, July 28, 2014

Judicial Approval of Voluntary Recognition of Minor Natural Children

Rule 105; Family Code, Art. 163-165, 172-173, 175

Gapusan-Chua v. CA, GR L-46746, March 15, 1990

De Jesus v. Estate of Dizon, GR 142877, October 2, 2001
Gono-Javier v. CA, GR 111994, December 29, 1994

Constitution of the Family Home

Family Code, Art. 152-162; Rule 106 (deemed repealed)

Modequillo v. Salinas, GR 86355, May 31, 1990

De Mesa v. Acero, GR 185064, January 12, 2012

V. Rules on Change, Cancellation or Correction of Entries

Change of Name

Rule 103; RA No. 9048, as amended by RA No. 10172; Rule 108

Differences under Rule 103, RA No. 9048 and Rule 108

Valid Grounds
Procedure

Republic v. CA, et al., G.R. No. 97906, May 21, 1992

Republic v. Belmonte, GR L-32600, February 26, 1988
Republic v. Mercadera, GR 186027, December 8, 2010
Republic v. Kho, GR 170340, June 29, 2007

Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007

People v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, September 12, 2008
Republic v. Marcos, GR L-31065, February 15, 1990

NOTE: RA No. 9255 [re: Allowing Illegitimate Children to Use the Surname of their
Father]

In Re: Petition of Julian Wang, GR 159966, March 30, 2005

Republic v. Capote, GR 157043, February 2, 2007
Grande v. Antonio, GR 206248, February 18, 2014

Clerical Errors

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RA No. 9048, as amended by RA No. 10172 (Clerical Error Law)

Lee v. CA, GR 118387, October 11, 2001

Republic v. Kho, G.R. No. 170340, 29 June 2007, supra
Kilosbayan Foundation v. Ong, G.R. No. 177721, July 3, 2007
Onde v. Local Civil Registrar of Las Pinas, GR 197174, September 10, 2014

Cancellation or Correction of Entries in the Civil Registry

Rule 108
Also cf. Civil Code, Art. 376 and 412; PD No. 651 (1975); RA No. 9046; RA No. 9255;
Commonwealth Act No. 142 (1936)

Republic v. Belmonte, GR L-32600, February 26, 1988, supra

Braza et. al., v. Civil Registrar, GR 181174, December 4, 2009
Corpuz v. Sto. Tomas, GR 186571, August 11, 2010
Republic v. Coseteng Magpayo, GR 189476, February 2, 2011
Alba v. Court of Appeals, GR 164041, July 29, 2005
Ceruila v. Delantar, GR 140305, December 9, 2005
Republic v. Uy, GR 198010, August 12, 2013

VI. Rules on Protection of Life, Liberty and Security

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Rule 102
Also cf. Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 15 and Art. VII, Sec. 18; AM No. 07-9-12-SC dated
September 25, 2007; AM No. 08-1-16-SC dated January 22, 2008

Contents of the petition

Contents of the return
Distinguish peremptory writ from preliminary citation
When not proper / applicable
Distinguish from writs of Amparo and Habeas Data
Rule on Custody of Minors and Writ of Habeas Corpus in relation to Custody of Minors

Velasco v. CA, GR 118644, July 7, 1995

Ampatuan v. Macaraig, GR 182497, June 29, 2010
Enrile v. Salazar, GR 92163, June 15, 1990
So v. Tacla, GR 190108, October 19, 2010
Demaisip v. Cabcaban, UDK No. 14817, January 13, 2014
Tijing v. CA, GR 125901, March 8, 2001
Glenn Caballes v. CA, GR 163108, February 23, 2005
Ilusorio v. Bildner, GR139789 and 139780, July 19, 2001
Go v. Dimagiba, GR 151876, June 21, 2005
Thornton v. Thornton, GR 154598, August 16, 2004

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Writ of Amparo

AM No. 07-9-12-SC dated September 25, 2007

Also cf. Rule 102; AM No. 08-1-16-SC dated January 22, 2008; Rule 126

Coverage
Distinguish from writs of Habeas Corpus and Habeas Data
Differences between Amparo and Search Warrant
Who may file?
Contents of return
Effects of failure to file return
Omnibus Waiver Rule
Procedure for hearing
Institution of separate action
Effect of filing of a criminal action
Consolidation
Interim reliefs available to petitioner and respondent
Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of amparo

Secretary of Defense v. Manalo, GR 180906 October 7, 2008

Roxas v. Arroyo, GR 189155, September 7, 2010
Canlas v. NAPICO, GR 182795, June 5, 2008
Razon et. al., v. Tagitis et. al., G.R. No. 182498, February16, 2010
Boac, et. al. v. Cadapan and Empeno, G.R. Nos. 184461-62, May 31, 2011
In re: Noriel H. Rodriguez, GR GR191805, November 15, 2011
De Lima v. Gatdula, GR 204528, February 19, 2013

Writ of Habeas Data

AM No. 08-1-16-SC dated January 22, 2008

Also cf. Rule 102; AM No. 07-9-12-SC dated September 25, 2007

Scope of the writ

Availability of the writ
Distinguished from writs of Habeas Corpus and Amparo
Contents of the petition
Contents of the return
Instances when petition may be heard in chambers
Consolidation
Effect of filing of a criminal action
Institution of a separate action
Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of habeas data

Tapuz v. Del Rosario, GR 182484, June 19, 2008

Meralco v. Lim, GR 184769, October 5, 2010
Gamboa v. Chan, GR 193636, July 24, 2012

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 Vivares v. St. Theresa's College, GR 202666, September 29, 2014
Lee v. Ilagan, GR 203254, October 8, 2014

Writ of Kalikasan

AM No. 09-6-8-SC dated April 13, 2010

Arigo v. Swift, GR 206510, September 16, 2014

Resident Marine Mammals v. Reyes, GR 180771, April 21, 2015

VII. Insolvency and Financial Rehabilitation of Natural and Juridical

Persons and Voluntary Dissolution of Corporations

Financial Rehabilitation

RA No. 10142 (2010); AM No. 12-12-11-SC dated August 27, 2013 (Financial Rehabilitation
Rules of Procedure)

Panlilio v. RTC, Branch 51 of Manila, GR 173846, February 2, 2011

Yngson v. PNB, GR 171132, August 15, 2012
China Banking Corp. v. Cebu Printing, GR 172880, August 11, 2010

Voluntary Dissolution of Corporations

Corporation Code, Sec. 117-122; Rule 104 (deemed repealed)

VIII. Proceedings in Relation to Alternative Dispute Resolution

RA No. 876 (1953); RA No. 9285 (2004); AM No. 07-11-08-SC dated September 1, 2009

IX. Appeals in Special Proceedings

Rule 109
Also cf. AM No. 07-9-12-SC dated September 25, 2007, Rule 19; AM No. 08-1-16-SC dated
January 22, 2008, Rule 19; AM No. 02-11-10-SC dated March 4, 2003, Sec. 20; AM No. 02-
11-11-SC dated March 4, 2003, Sec. 17

Judgments and order for which an appeal may be taken

When to appeal
Modes of appeal
Rule on advance distribution

Testate Estate of Vda. de Biascan v. Biascan, GR 138731, December 11, 2000

Republic v. Nishina, GR 186053, November 15, 2010
Lebin v. Mirasol, GR 164255, September 7, 2011
Banez v. Banez, GR 132592, January 23, 2002
BPI v. Pryce Gases, GR 188365, June 29, 2011

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