197

Notes
INTRODUCTION

1. The Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali, trans. Chip Hartranft (Boston: Shambhala Publications,

2003), 2.51.

2. Evan Thompson, Mind in Life (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007), p.
411.

CHAPTER I
The Path Unfolds
1. Since we can't locate an accurate description of who Patanjali might have been, I
have chosen to alternate between Patanjali as a male and a female figure in order to
maintain the mythological sense of Patanjali.

2. Paul Hawken, Blessed Unrest (New York: Viking, 2007), p. 71.

3. Ibid., pp. 71-72.

4. Yoga-Sutra, 2.48.

5. Yoga-Sutra, 2.9.

CHAPTER 2
Restraint In Times Of Unrestraint
1. United Nations Development Program, The Global Dimensions of Human
Development, 1992, pp. 33-34.

2. Ibid., p. 35.

3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bread for the World, 2007.

4. Fact Sheet (Boston, Mass.: Oxfam America, 2005).

198

5. Mahabharata, trans. Christopher Chapple, 13:114, quoted in Christopher Key

Chapple, Non-Violence to Animals, Earth and Self in Asian Tradition (Albany: SUNY
Press, 1993), p. 80.

6. Ramana Maharishi, quoted in Sudhir Kakar, Moksha (Paris: Belles Lettres, 1986), p.
49.

7. "Shiva Samhita," trans. Georg Feuerstein, in Teachings of Yoga (Boston: Shambhala

Publications, 1997), 2.1-5.

8. Wislawa Szymborska, "View with a Grain of Sand" in View With a Grain of Sand,
copyright © 1993 by Wislawa Szymborska, English translation by Stanislaw Baranczak
and Claire Cavanagh copyright © 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing
Company, reprinted by permission of the publisher.

CHAPTER 3
Lack
1. Annie Lennox, "We're in This Together," Resurgence, January/February 2007, p. 7.

2. Yoga-Sutra, 2.39.

3. Sigmund Freud, "Repression," in The Standard Edition of the Complete

Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the
Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works (New York:
W.W. Norton, 2000), 141-58.

4. David Loy, personal communication, 2008.

5. David Loy, "Lack and Liberation in Self and Society," a telephone interview with Tom
McFarlane, July 2004, www.holosforum.org/ davidloy.html.

6. Adam Phillips, Side Effects (London: Harper Perennial, 2006), p. 286.

7. David Loy, Lack and Transcendence (Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press,
1996), p. 53.

8. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), p. 202.
199

CHAPTER 4
Karma
1. It's not that enlightenment is a step upward. Instead, we might say that the term
"enlightenment" refers to what is left when the wanting and distraction in the mind-body
process begin to fade. Enlightenment or pure awareness is the innate stability of focus
that is always present, always still and clear. Maybe we need to leave behind terms like
"enlightenment" if they give us the feeling that we need to strive toward or achieve
something that we as of now lack. If we focus on the term "enlightenment" as something
to become, we stray further and further from the path, and therefore, it's important to
continually look into the beliefs and intentions that motivate our movement on the path
of yoga.

2. Thanissaro Bikkhu, "Karma" (Access to Insight, 2000). Transcribed from a file

provided by the author.

3. Yoga-Sutra, 2.28.

4. Thoreau, Henry David, Walden and Civil Disobedience (New York: W. W. Norton,
1966), p. 101.

CHAPTER 5
Ahimsa
1. Annie Dillard, For The Time Being (Middlesex: Viking, 1999) p. 172.

2. Center for Defense Information, The Defense Monitor, September 15, 2008,
www.cdi.org/weekly.

3. "Peace," New Internationalist, April 1, 1999, www.newint.org/ features/1999/04/01/.

4. UN World Food Programme Brochure (New York: United Nations, 1998).

5. United Nations Development Program, The Global Dimensions of Human

Development, 2000.
200

6. Arun Shourie, "Statement at the High Level Segment of the UN Conference on Illicit
Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects," New York, July 12, 2001,
accessed August 11, 2008,
http://arunshourie.voiceofdharma.com/articles/weapons.htm.

7. Data from www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/home/FAQ.html, accessed July 10,

2007.

8. Illicit Trade in Small Arms (New York: United Nations, 2001). A UN conference
brochure.

9. S. Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy (Cambridge, England: Cambridge

University Press, 1932), vol. 2, pp. 508-9.

10. Mark Mathew Braunstein, "The Beast in the Belly," Trumpeter Journal 7, no. 4
(1990).

11. Barry Holstun Lopez, Of Wolves and Men (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,
1978), p. 98.

12. Gary Snyder, Back on the Fire (Emeryville, Calif: Shoemaker & Hoard, 2007), p. 69.

13. Noam Chomsky, Power and Terror: Post-9/11 Talks and Interviews, eds. John
Junkerman and Takei Masakazu (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2003), pp. 66-64.

14. Mark Juergensmeyer, "Gandhi vs. Terrorism," Daedalus, Winter 2007, p. 33.

15. Ibid.

16. Mohandas Gandhi, Young India, August 11, 1920. Quoted in Mark Juergensmeyer,
"Gandhi vs. Terrorism," Daedalus, Winter 2007, p. 33.

17. Stephen Batchelor, "War or Peace," Tricycle, Spring 2002.

18. Ibid.

19. Mohandas Gandhi, "The Message of the Gita," quoted in Ramachandra Krishna
Prabhu, Two Memorable Trials of Mahatma Gandhi (Ahmadabad: Navajivan Publishing
House, 1977), p. 56.
201

CHAPTER 6
Satya
1. David Loy, personal communication, 2008.

2. Jonathan Porritt, "Edging Closer to Meltdown," Resurgence, September/October

2006, p. 34.

3. Overcoming Human Poverty (New York: United Nations Development Program,

1998), p. 80. The World Bank data does not include the type of breakdown that the
1998 Human Development Report indicates, and while those numbers will of course be
different now, they still reveal the stark inequalities in consumption.

4. Stephen Batchelor, The Practice of Generosity, quoted from the blog

http://quotes.zaadz.com/stephen_batchelor.

5. Leslie Faber, "Lying on the Couch," The Ways of the Will (London: Constable, 1966).

6. Leslie Faber, "Lying on the Couch," quoted in Adam Philips, Promises, Promises
(London: Faber & Faber, 2000), p. 16.

7. Yoga-Sutra, 2.9. My translation.

8. Mark Juergensmeyer, "Gandhi vs. Terrorism," Daedalus, Winter 2007, P. 33.

9. Ruth Kluger's story comes from her book, Weiter Leben, Eine Jugend (Gottingen,
Germany: Wallstein, 1992), quoted in Gernot Bohme, Ethics in Context (Cambridge,
U.K.: Polity, 2001), p. 76.

10. William Shakespeare, Hamlet, ed. G. R. Hibbard. (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford World's
Classics, 1987).

11. Julia Butterfly Hill, "Descent from Luna," September 15, 2008, www.
circleoflifefoundation.org/julia.php.

12. James Boyd White, When Words Lose Their Meaning: Constitutions and
Reconstitutions of Language, Character, and Community (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1984), p. 20.

13. Teilhard de Chardin, quoted in Annie Dillard, For the Time Being (Toronto: Penguin,
1999), p. 93.
202

14. J. Krishnamurti, On Nature and the Environment (San Francisco:

HarperSanFrancisco, 1991), p. 100.

CHAPTER 7
Asteya
1. Gary Snyder, "Buddhism and the Coming Revolution," Earth House Hold (New York:
New Directions, 1969).

2. Mohandas Gandhi, Yeravda Mandir: Ashram Observances, trans. Valji Govindji

Desai (Ahamadabad: Navajivan Publishing House, 1957), p.xi.

3. Claude Fischer, "Succumbing to Consumerism?" August 2003,

www.sociology.berkeley.edu/faculty/fischer.

4. Gandhi, Yeravda Mandir, p. 20.

5. Steven M. Houseworth, The Psychology of Stealing (Portland: Winter House Books,

2005), p. 22.

6. This translation of Patanjali's Yoga-Sutra 3.26-29 was written during a meditation

retreat and study program at Centre of Gravity Sangha in Toronto by the participants in
that retreat.

CHAPTER 8
Brahmacarya
1. David Loy, "Awareness Unbound," unpublished essay, 2008.

2. Marion Milner, On Not Being Able to Paint (Los Angeles: J. P. Tarcher, 1983), p. 66.

3. "Bishop Demands a 'Better Theology of Sex,'" Globe and Mail, March 8, 2007.

4. Karen Armstrong, A Short History of Myth (Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2005), p. 44.

5. C. G. Jung, "On Psychic Energy," in On the Nature of the Psyche (Princeton, N.J.:
Bollingen, 1960), p. 57.
6. Ibid., p. 58.
203

7. John Muir, John of the Mountains, ed. Linnie Marsh Wolfe (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
1938), p. 400.

CHAPTER 9
Aparigraha
1. James Daniel, Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, book 6 (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University
Microfilms International, 1977), p. 279.

2. Daniel W. Bromley, Economic Interests and Institutions (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989), p.

220.

3. Eleanor Roosevelt, India and the Awakening East (New York: Harper and Brothers,
1953), pp. 196-202.

4. Aristotle, quoted in David Loy, Lack and Transcendence (Atlantic Highlands, N.J.:
Humanities Press, 1996), p. 148.

5. Ralph T. H. Griffith, trans., Hymns of the Atharva Veda (Benares: E. J. Lazarus,

1895), p. 75.

6. "Opening Out," interview with Roseanne Harvey in Ascent, Autumn 2007, p. 29.

7. Adam Smith, quoted in Julie A. Nelson, Economics for Humans (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 2006), p. n.

8. I encourage the reader to explore this topic in more detail through the research and
writing of Murray Bookchin. See Janet Biehl, ed., The Murray Bookchin Reader
(London: Cassell, 1997).

9. I do not think that the sole reason for economic inequality is greed, hatred, or
confusion. That is just the psychological root of the process. Technological innovation,
the loss of manufacturing jobs, and economic policy are the precipitating causes.

10. See Michael Stone, trans., Yoga-Sutra 2.34.

11. Michael Stone, "Conversations with Esther Myers," unpublished communication,

2002.
12. Jean Hardy, There Is Another World but It Is This One (London: Quaker Universalist
Group, 1988). Pamphlet 12.
204

13. Warwick Fox, A Theory of General Ethics: Human Relationships, Nature and the
Built Environment (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2007), p. 12.

CHAPTER 10:
Nothing Is Hidden!
1. Richard Freeman, Yoga Workshop Teacher Training Handbook (Boulder, Colo.: The
Yoga Workshop, 2003).

2. While the articulation of a path helps us cultivate certain skills and insights, simply
being on a path does not guarantee awareness since by definition awareness is
unconditioned.

3. Yoga-Sutra 1.2. My translation.

4. Bill McKibben, The End of Nature (New York: Anchor Books, 1989).

5. This is not a social-constructivist argument, but rather an attempt to see the way
humans reduce the natural world with the term "nature." Gary Snyder sums this up quite
clearly:

I must confess I'm getting a bit grumpy about the dumb arguments being put forth by
high-paid intellectual types in which they are trying to knock Nature, knock the people
who value Nature, and still come out smelling smart and progressive ... The current use
of the "social construction" terminology ... is based in the logic of European science and
the "enlightenment"...This socially constructed nature finally has no reality other than
the quantification provided by economists and resource managers. This is indeed the
ultimate commodification of Nature, done by supposedly advanced theorists, who prove
to be simply the high end of the "wise use" movement ("Nature as Seen from Kitkit-
dizze Is No 'Social Construction,'" Wild Earth Winter 1996-97, pp. 8,9).
205

6. Trevor Legett ed. and trans. Sankarcarya on the Yoga-Sutra (London: Routledge and
Kegan Paul, 1983), p. 110.

7. "Subuniverses" is a term commonly used by William James.

CHAPTER 11
Jewels Shower Down
1. Ian Whicher, "Ethics of Liberation in Patanjali's Yoga," in Indian Ethics: Classical
Traditions and Contemporary Challenges, ed. Purus-ottama Bilimoria, Joseph Prabhu,
Renuka M. Sharma (Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing, 2007), p. 161.

2. Ibid., p. 163.

3. Patanjali, "The Path to Realization," in The Yoga-Sutra, trans. Chip Hartranft (Boston:
Shambhala Publications, 2003), lines 30-34.

4. Patanjali, Yoga: Discipline of Freedom, trans. Barbara Stoler Miller (Berkeley:

University of California Press, 1996).

5. Ko Un, Flowers of a Moment, trans. Brother Anthony of Taize, Young-Moo Kim, and
Gary Gacu (Rochester, N.Y.: Boa Editions, 2006), p. 23.

6. For a detailed description of raga and dvesa, see Michael Stone, The Inner Tradition
of Yoga (Boston: Shambhala Publications, 2008).

7. Roberto Calasso, Ka: Stories of the Mind and Gods of India (New York: Vintage
Books, 1995), p. 195-6.

8. The term "outsideless" is derived from the work of theologian Donald Cupitt. See his
book Emptiness and Brightness (Santa Rosa, Calif.: Polebridge Press, 2001) for further
clarification.

CHAPTER 12
Samadhi in Community
1. The Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali, trans Chip Hartranft (Boston: Shambhala Publications),
2003. 3.33.
2. Ibid., 3.2.
206

3. Ibid., 3.53, 3.54.

4. Annie Proulx, interviewed by Aida Edemarian, The Guardian, December 11, 2004,
quoted in Joyce Carol Oates, "In Rough Country," The New York Review of Books,
October 23, 2008, p. 41.

5. James Hillman, Insearch (New York: Scribner, 1967), p. 55.

6. Arne Naess, Deep Ecology of Wisdom, ed. George Sessions (Dordecut, Netherlands:
Springer, 2005), p. 44.

7. Whether this was ever considered in the context of Indian culture is an entirely
different matter. My thrust here is a contemporary interpretation of Patanjali not rooted
in the historical response to his teachings.

8. Bhagavad Gita, my own translation, 3.4-24.

9. The Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali, trans. Chip Hartranft (Boston: Shambhala Publications,

2003), 2.18.

10. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-1916, trans. and ed. G. E. M. Anscombe

(Oxford: Blackwell, 1961), 75, dated 8.7.16.

11. Arne Naess, Ecology, Community, and Lifestyle (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge
University Press, 1991), quoted in Michael Zimmerman, Contesting Earth's Future
(Berkley: University of California Press, 1994), P. 37.

CHAPTER 13
Final Thoughts
1. Wendell Berry, "The Peace of Wild Things," The Selected Poems of Wendell Berry
(Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint Press, 1998), p. 30.

2. See www.savetheamazon.org/rainforeststats.htm, September 2008.

3. Bill McKibben, "First, Step Up," www.yesmagazine.org/article.asp ?id=2271.

4. The Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali, trans. Chip Hartraft (Boston: Shambhala Publications,

2003), 2.16.
207

Credits
"View with a Grain of Sand" in View with a Grain of Sand, copyright © 1993 by Wislawa
Szymborska, English translation by Stanislaw Baranczak and Claire Cavanagh
copyright © 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, reprinted by
permission of the publisher.

"The Peace of Wild Things" from The Selected Poems of Wendell Berry, copyright ©
1999 by Wendell Berry. Reprinted by permission of Counterpoint.

Ko Un, ["Some say they can recall a thousand years..."] from Flowers of a Moment,
translated by Brother Anthony, Young-moo Kim, and Gary Gach. Translation copyright
© 2006 by Brother Anthony, Young-moo Kim, and Gary Gach. Reprinted with the
Permission of BOA Editions, Ltd., www.boaeditions.org.
208

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