Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Smith Chart 2
Solution:
In general the ZL can be a complex number, consequently Гo will
also be complex number
Z L Zo
o U o jVo o e j
Z L Zo
Smith Chart 4
(a) ZL=0 Ω
(d )
Z L Z o 0 50
o o 1
Z L Z o 0 50
(b) ZL→∞ (open circuit)
Z L Z o 50
o o 1
Z L Z o 50
(c) ZL=50 Ω Z L Zo
o
Z L Z o 50 50 Z L Zo
o o 0
Z L Z o 50 50 (d ) o e j 2 d
(d) ZL= (16.67-j16.67) Ω
Z L Z o (16.67 - j16.67) 50
o o 0.54 221o
Z L Z o (16.67 - j16.67) 50
(e) ZL= (50+j50) Ω
Z L Z o (50 j50) 50
o o 0.83 34o
Z L Z o (50 j50) 50
Smith Chart 5
Graphical Representation
i
(a) Z =0 Ω o 1 1 e
L
1180o
(b) ZL→∞ o 1
(c) ZL=50 Ω o 0
(d) ZL= (16.67-j16.67) Ω
o 0.54 221o
(e) ZL= (50+j50) Ω
o 0.83 34o
0Ω 16.66Ω 50Ω
R
-16.66Ω 16.66-j16.66 Ω
Z L Zo
o
Z L Zo
Normalized Impedances
Consider a transmission line with characteristic impedance Zo
and load impedance ZL.
The normalized load impedances are defined as:
(d )
ZL
zL
Zo
Z in
zin
Zo
U
Smith Chart 10
r 1 (r 1) 2
r 1 (r 1) 2 equation
Smith Chart 11
U jV U 1 V 1x 12
2
z 1 r jx 1 x
Smith Chart 12
Z-Smith Chart
The Smith
Chart
Smith Chart 15
50 Ω transmission line of 2 cm
and operated at 2 GHz. The Zo=50Ω
phase velocity vp=0.5 c.
ZL=(30+j60)Ω
Find the input impedance Zin =2 cm
Solution
1st step: Normalized the impedance ZL
Z L 30 j 60
zL 0.6 j 1.2
Zo 50
2nd step: Locate the normalize impedance in the Smith Chart
3rd step: Identify the corresponding load reflection coefficient
(Гo) in the Smith Chart
o 0.6325 71.56o
Smith Chart 16
4th step: The reflection coefficient at the input (Гin) will have the
same magnitude at the input but different phase.
in (d l 2cm) o e j 2 d o e j
2 f
2 l 2 l 4 l 2 l π ≡ 180o
vp vp
2 109 Hz
4 0.02 m 3.351 rad 191.99 o
0.5 3 108 m / s
in (d l 2cm) 0.6325 (71.56o 191.99o )
In the Smith Chart rotate 191.99o clockwise
Find Гin. in 0.6325 120.43o
5th step: Find the normalize impedance zin from the Smith
Chart zin 0.3 j 0.53
6th step: Convert zin into the actual impedance Zin
Zin zin Z o (0.3 j 0.53) 50 Zin (15 j 26.5 )
Smith Chart 17
Z-Smith Chart
Smith Chart for
Example 1
Smith Chart 18
10
o 10 20
o 0.3162
Z-Smith Chart
Smith Chart for
Example 2
Smith Chart 20
Step 5 : Calculate d1
d1 0.1721 0.172 77 mm d1 13.24mm
0.25
0.5
0.422
Smith Chart 23
Г=-1
0.422
Z-Smith Chart
Smith Chart 26
1
VSWR (see transmission line section)
1 Zo=50Ω
Solution ZL Z L Zo 1
zL ; ; RL(dB) -20 log ; SWR
Zo Z L Zo 1
50
(a) z L 1.00 0 RL(dB) , SWR 1
50
48.5
(b) z L 0.97 0.015 RL(dB) 36.3 dB, SWR 1.03
50
75 j 25
(c) z L 1.5 j 0.5 0.23 j 0.15 RL(dB) 11.1dB, SWR 1.77
50
10 j 5
(c) z L 0.2 j 0.1 0.66 j 0.66 RL(dB) 3.50 dB, SWR 5.05
50
Smith Chart 29
Z-Smith Chart
Smith Chart for
Example 5
RL=36.3dB
RL=11.1 dB
RL=3.5 dB
Smith Chart 30
Website :
http://www.home.agilent.com/upload/cmc_upload/All/Smith_Chart.htm?cmpid=zzfindnw_smithchart
Smith Chart 31
*
Step 2: Plot 1/Γ* in the Smith Chart
and find the corresponding normalized
impedance: z ' 2 j1
Step 3: Find the impedance corresponding
to the reflection coefficient Γ by changing
the sign to the real part of z’: z 2 j1
Admittance Transformation
Yin Z o 1 1
The normalized admittance is given by: yin ;
Yo Z in Z in zin
Zo
Normalize impedance in function of the 1 in
zin
reflection coefficient: 1 - in
' e j 0 e 2 j d e j 0 e j ( 2 d )
Smith Chart 35
Z-Smith Chart
Smith Chart for
Example 6
Smith Chart 37
Y-Smith Chart
Instead of rotating the reflection coefficient by 180o, we can rotate the
Smith Chart itself. The Chart obtained by this transformation is known as
the Admittance Smith Chart or Y-Smith Chart.
-2/3
z=0.6+j1.2
+
inductive -
inductive
-
capacitive
y
1
j
2
+
capacitive
+
3 3
ZY-Smith Chart
In many practical design application it is necessary to switch
frequently from impedance to admittance representation and vice
versa.
ZY-Smith Chart
Smith Chart 40
Z=0.5+j0.5 y=1-j1
x=0.5
g=1
Smith Chart 42
r =0.2
g=1
y=1+j2
z=0.2+j0.4
x=0.4
b=2
Smith Chart 43
Capacitive
Inductive
Smith Chart 45
Capacitive
Inductive
Smith Chart 48
Example 8 (a) Determine l when Zin(l) = j100Ω using the Z-Smith Chart
Z Smith Chart
Short circuit
Open Circuit
Smith Chart 49
Example 8 (a) Calculate Yin(l) when l = λ/8 using the Y-Smith Chart
Y Smith Chart
Short circuit
Open Circuit