Resolución de problemas:

Otto Cycle

1. An ideal Otto Cycle with a turbo-charger using air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 9. The
volume of the cylinder is 0.01 m3. At the beginning of pressure is 150 kPa after the turbo-charging compression
process. The peak temperature in the cycle is 1800 K, determine:
a) The pressure and temperature at the end of the expansion process (power stroke)
b) The heat per unit mass added in kJ/kg during the combustion process
c) Net work
d) Thermal efficiency of the cycle.
e) MEP
2. A gasoline engine has a volumetric compression ratio of 12. The state before compression is 290K, 100kPa, and
the peak cycle temperature is 1800K, Find the pressure after expansion, work input, work output, net work
output, heat input, thermal efficiency and MEP.

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3. A gasoline engine has a compression ratio of 10:1 with 4 cylinders of total displacement 2.3L. The inlet state is
280K and 70kPa. The fuel adds 1800kJ/kg of heat in the combustion process. Find the work input, work output,
net work output, heat input, thermal efficiency and MEP.
Diesel Cycle.

1. An ideal Diesel engine receives air at 100kPa and 25°C. The maximum cycle temperature is 1460°C and the
compression ratio of the engine is 16. Determine
a) The work done during the compression process
b) The heat added to the air during the heating process
c) The work done during the expansion process
d) The heat removed from he air during the cooling process
e) The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
2. A diesel engine receives air at 80°F and 14.7 psia. The compression ratio is 20. The amount of heat addition is
800Btu/lbm. The mass of the air contained in the cylinder is 0.02 lbm. Determine the maximum cycle
temperature, heat added, heat removed work added, work produced, net work produced, MEP and the efficiency
3. A diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18. Air intake condition (prior to compression) are 72°F and 14.7 psia.
And the highest temperature in the cycle is limited to 2500°F to avoid damaging the engine block. Calculate.
a) Thermal efficiency
b) Net work
c) Mean effective pressure
Compare engine efficiency to that of a Carnot cycle engine operating between the same temperatures.

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Dual Cycle.

1. What five processes make up the Dual Cycle?

2. The combustion process in internal combustion engines as an isobaric or isometric heat addition process is over
simplistic and not realistic. A real cycle p-v diagram of the Otto or Diesel cycle looks like a curve (combination
of isobaric and isometric) rather than a linear line. Are the combustion processes in the Dual cycle more
realistic?

3. Can we consider the Otto or Diesel cycle to be special cases of the Dual cycle?

4. Sketch T-s and p-v diagrams for the dual cycle.

5. Show how the Dual cycle is a compromise between the Otto and diesel cycles,

6. For a Dual cycle, plot the cycle efficiency as a function of compression ratio from 4 to 16.

7. For a Dual cycle, plot the MEP as a function of compression ratio 4 to 16.
8. Pressure and temperature at the start of compression in Dual cycle are 101K kPa and 15°C. the compression ratio is 8.
Heat addition at constant volume is 100 kJ/kg of air, while the maximum temperature of the cycle is limited to 2000°C.
The mass of air contained in the cylinder is 0.01 kg. Determine a) the maximum cycle pressure, the MEP, Heat added,
heat remover, compression work added, expansion work produced, net work produced and efficiency of the cycle.
Basic vapor Refrigeration cycle.

1. Why is the Carnot refrigeration cycle executed within the saturation dome not a realistic model for the
refrigeration cycles.?

2. What is the difference between a refrigerator and a heat pump?

3. Why is the throttling valve not replaced by an isentropic turbine in the ideal refrigeration cycle.?

4. What is the area enclosed by the refrigeration cycle on T-s diagram?

5. Does the ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle involve any internal irreversibility?

6. In a ideal refrigeration cycle, indicate whether he following statements are tru or false:
(A) All the processes are internally reversible
(B) COP equals the of a Carnot cycle.
(C) COP increases with the evaporator temperature.
(D) COP increases with the condenser temperature
(E) The pressure at the compressor outlet depends the evaporator temperature
(F) The lowest pressure in the cycle it atmospheric
(G) The entropy change of the refrigerant across the evaporator is negative.
(H) The entropy of the refrigerant increases upon passing through the throttle valve.
(I) The evaporator temperature is higher than of the surroundings
(J) The condenser temperature is lower than that of the surroundings.
7. A steady flow ideal 0.4 tons refrigerator use refrigerant R134a as the working fluid. The evaporator pressure is
120 kPa. The condenser pressure is 600 kPa. Determine.
a) The mass rate flow
b) The compressor power required
c) The rate of the heat absorbed from the refrigerant space.
d) The rate of the heat removed from the condenser and
e) The COP
8. AN actual compression refrigeration cycle operates at steady state with refrigerant R134a as the working fluid.
Saturated vapor enters the compressor at 263K. Superheated vapor enters the condenser at 311K. Saturated
liquid leaves the condenser at 301K the mass flow rate of refrigerant is 0.1 kg/s Determine.
a) The cooling load
b) The compressor work required
c) The condenser pressure
d) The rate of heat removed from the condenser
e) The compressor efficiency
f) The COP
9. 10. Refrigerant R134a enters the compressor of a steady flow vapor compression refrigeration cycle aws
superheated vapor at 0.14 Mpa an -10°C at a rate of 0.04 kg/s and it leaves at 0.7Mpa and 50°c, the refrigerant is
cooled in the condenser to 24°C and saturated liquid. Determine.
a) the compressor power required
b) the rate of heat absorbed from the refrigerant space
c) The compressor efficiency
d) The COP
10. 11. Find the compressor power required, quality of the refrigerant at the end of the throttling process, cooling
load and COP for a refrigerator that uses refrigerant-12 as the working fluid and is designed the operate at an
evaporator temperature of 5°C and a condenser temperature of 30°C. The compressor efficiency is 68 percent.
The mass rate flow of refringent 12 is 0.22 kg/s.
11. 12. Consider an ideal refrigerator which uses refrigerant-12 as the working fluid. The temperature of the
refrigerant in the evaporator is -10°C and in the condenser, it is 38°C. The refrigerant is circulated at the rate of
0.0310 kg/s. Determine the compressor power required, quality of the refrigerant at the end of the throttling
process, cooling load and COP of the refrigerator.