COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL

ENGINEERING

CVEN 214: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Chapter 8: COMBINED LOADINGS

Dr Mohammed Elshafie

Fall, 2017
REVIEW OF STRESS ANALYSES

• Normal force P leads to:

P
uniform normal stress, σ =
A

• Shear force V leads to:

VQ
shear − stress distribution, τ =
It
• Bending moment M leads to:
My
longitudinal stress distribution, σ = (for straight beam)
I
REVIEW OF STRESS ANALYSES (cont)

• Torsional moment T leads to:

Tρ
shear − stress distribution, τ = (for circular shaft)
J

• Resultant stresses by superposition:

Once the normal and shear stress components for each
loading have been calculated, use the principal of
superposition to determine the resultant normal and shear
stress components.
EXAMPLE 1
A force of 15 kN is applied to the edge of the member shown in
Fig. 8–3a. Neglect the weight of the member and determine the
state of stress at points B and C.
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
• For equilibrium at the section there must be an axial force of 15 000 N
acting through the centroid and a bending moment of 750 000 N•mm
about the centroidal or principal axis.

P 15000
σ= = = 3.75 MPa
A (100 )(40 )

• The maximum stress is

Mc 75000(50 )
σ max = = = 11.25 MPa
I 1
(40)(100)3
12
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
• The location of the line of zero stress can be determined by proportional
triangles
7.5 15
=
x (100 − x )
x = 33.3 mm

• Elements of material at B and C are subjected only to normal or uniaxial

stress.
σ B = 7.5 MPa (tension) (Ans)
σ C = 15 MPa (compression) (Ans)
EXAMPLE 2
The member shown in Fig. 8–5a has a rectangular cross
section. Determine the state of stress that the loading produces
at point C.
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
Solutions
• The resultant internal loadings at the section consist of a normal force, a
shear force, and a bending moment.

• Solving, N = 16.45 kN, V = 21.93 kN, M = 32.89 kN

EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
• The uniform normal-stress distribution acting over the cross section is
produced by the normal force.

• At Point C, σ c =
P 16.45 103
=
( )
= 1.32 MPa
A (0.05)(0.25)

• In Fig. 8–5e, the shear stress is zero.

EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
• Point C is located at y = c = 0.125m from the neutral axis, so the normal
stress at C, Fig. 8–5f, is

σc = =
( ( ))
Mc 32.89 103 (0.125)
= 63.16 MPa
I 1
[
2 (0.05)(0.25)
3
]
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
Solutions
• The shear stress is zero.

• Adding the normal stresses determined above gives a compressive

stress at C having a value of

Mc
σc = = 1.32 + 63.16 = 64.5 MPa
I
EXAMPLE 3
The rectangular block of negligible weight in Fig. 8–6a is
subjected to a vertical force of 40 kN, which is applied to its
corner. Determine the largest normal stress acting on a section
through ABCD.
EXAMPLE 3 (cont)
Solutions
• For uniform normal-stress distribution the stress is
P 40
σ= = = 125 kPa
A (0.8)(0.4 )

• For 8 kN, the maximum stress is

M x cx 8(0.2 )
σ max = = = 375 kPa
Ix [
12 (0.8)(0.4 )
1
]
3

• For 16 kN, the maximum stress is

M y cx 16(0.4 )
σ max = = = 375 kPa
Iy [
12 (0.4 )(0.8)
1
]
3
EXAMPLE 3 (cont)
Solutions
• By inspection the normal stress at point C is the largest since each
loading creates a compressive stress there

σ c = −125 − 375 − 375 = −875 kPa (Ans)