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Right or Wrong?
page 83 7.13 offence (n) /əˈfens/
a crime ● Burglary is a serious offence.
7.1 occupy (v) /ˈɒkjʊpaɪ/
fill a space, area or amount of time ● Reading ➣ offend (v), offender (n)
occupies most of her free time. 7.14 try (v) /traɪ/
7.2 protest (n) /ˈprəʊtest/ judge a person in a court ● The kidnappers were
sth you do that shows publicly that you do not caught and then tried in court. ➣ trial (n)
agree with sth ● They took part in street protests
against the war. ➣ protest (v), protester (n)
7.3 financial (adj) /faɪˈnænʃl/
Word Focus page 84
7.15 juvenile (adj) /ˈʤuːvənaɪl/
relating to money ● They’re having serious financial
concerning people under eighteen ● Many
problems.
teenagers are getting caught up in juvenile crime.
Reading
➣ juvenile (n)
page 84 7.16 inadequate (adj) /ɪnˈædɪkwət/
7.4 punish (v) /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ not (good) enough ● The system is often
make sb suffer for sth wrong they have done inadequate and cannot provide help for young
● The criminal was punished and sent to prison for lawbreakers. ➣ inadequacy (n), inadequately
two years. ➣ punishment (n) (adv) ✎ Opp: adequate
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Reading pages 84–85
7.38 devote (v) /dɪˈvəʊt/
use most of your time, effort etc in order to do
7.24 rise (n) /raɪz/ sth ● He devoted a month to his project on teenage
when the number, amount or level of sth goes up crime. ➣ devotion (n)
● There’s been a 15% rise in the price of oil. ➣ rise (v)
7.39 case (n) /keɪs/
✎ Syn: increase a crime which is being investigated
7.25 alternative (n) /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ ● The judge told the jury not to discuss the case
sth you can choose to do, use, etc instead of sth outside the court.
else ● You’ve got two alternatives: pay in cash or by 7.40 victim (n) /ˈvɪktɪm/
credit card. ➣ alternative (adj) sb who is hurt or killed ● The victim of the violent
7.26 peer (n) /pɪə/ attack had to go to hospital.
sb who is the same age as you ● He is a friendly 7.41 long-lasting (adj) /lɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ/
boy and he is popular with his peers. continuing for a long time ● Love is the key to a
✎ Also: peer group; peer pressure long-lasting relationship.
7.27 offender (n) /əˈfendə/ 7.42 eligible (adj) /ˈelɪʤəbl/
sb who commits a crime ● Offenders will be arrested qualified or able to do sth ● He will be eligible to
and tried for their crimes. ➣ offend (v), offence (n) vote when he turns eighteen. ➣ eligibility (n)
7.28 hearing (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ/ ✎ Opp: ineligible
a meeting of a court to find out the facts about 7.43 proceedings (pl n) /prəˈsiːdɪŋz/
a case ● The court hearing is at nine tomorrow when sb uses a court of law to deal with a legal
morning. ➣ hear (v) case ● The proceedings lasted all morning.
7.29 courtroom (n) /ˈkɔːtruːm/
7.44 plead guilty (expr) /pliːd ˈgɪlti/
a room where a judge or group of people decide
admit you have committed a crime ● The armed
if sb is guilty or not guilty ● The victim’s mother
robber pleaded guilty and was sent to prison.
was not allowed in the courtroom.
✎ Opp: plead not guilty
7.30 defendant (n) /dɪˈfendənt/
7.45 theft (n) /θeft/
sb accused of a crime who is being tried in court
● The defendant pleaded not guilty to the offence.
stealing ● There has been a theft; somebody has
stolen my wallet. ➣ thief (n)
➣ defend (v), defence (n)
7.46 gang (n) /gæŋ/
7.31 on a voluntary basis (expr) /ɒn ə ˈvɒləntri ˈbeɪsɪs/
a group of young people who spend time
If you do sth on a voluntary basis, you do it
together and who are often involved in
because you want to, not because you have to.
● She works here on a voluntary basis – she needs
crime ● There was a gang of teenage boys on
the street corner who looked as if they wanted
the experience.
a fight.
7.32 criminal act (n) /ˈkrɪmɪnəl ækt/
a crime ● Shoplifting is a criminal act and 7.47 weapon (n) /ˈwepən/
you will be arrested if you are caught. an object like a knife or gun used to hurt or kill
● The gang used large sticks as weapons.
7.33 judge (v) /ʤʌʤ/
give an opinion about sb after thinking about 7.48 procedure (n) /prəˈsiːʤə/
all the information you know about them a way of doing sth ● The judge explained the
● I can’t judge if she is guilty or not. ➣ judge (n), procedure of a trial to the jury.
judgement (v) 7.49 community service (expr)
7.34 sentence (v) /ˈsentəns/ /kəˈmjuːnəti ˈsɜːvɪs/
punish and send to prison ● The hooligans were unpaid work that sb does to help other
sentenced to thirty hours of community service. people as punishment for a crime
● The man had to do community service
➣ sentence (n)
cleaning the park.
7.35 prosecution (n) /prɒsɪˈkjuːʃn/
the lawyers who try to prove sb is guilty 7.50 fire department (n) /ˈfaɪə(r) dɪˈpɑːtmənt/
● The prosecution had proof that the defendant an organisation of people whose job is to stop
was at the scene of the crime. ➣ prosecute (v) fires ● Help! Call the fire department!
7.36 defence (n) /dɪˈfens/ 7.51 old people’s home (n) /əʊld ˈpiːplz həʊm/
the lawyers who try to prove sb is innocent a place where old people live and are cared for
● The defence said that their client was not guilty ● Sarah’s grandmother has been in an old people’s
because he had been abroad when the crime was home for three years.
committed. ➣ defend (v), defendant (n) 7.52 misdemeanour (n) /mɪsdəˈmiːnə/
7.37 fine (n) /faɪn/ a bad action that is not very serious ● You
the money sb has to pay as punishment ● The won’t go to prison for a misdemeanour like
defendant had to pay a fine for speeding. ➣ fine (v) parking illegally.
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7.53 jury duty (n) /ˈʤʊəri ˈdjuːti/ 7.68 reoffend (v) /riːɒˈfend/
legal requirement to be a jury member ● He was commit a crime again ● Many people who
called up for jury duty and was away from work for are sent to prison reoffend when they are released
a week. and find themselves back in court.
7.54 subsequent (adj) /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ 7.69 deny (v) /dɪˈnaɪ/
following ● The first trial was for robbery and the say sth isn’t true ● Julie denied that she had stolen
subsequent one for arson. my earrings, but I’m sure I saw her wearing them.
➣ denial (n)
7.55 attendance (n) /əˈtendəns/
being present at an event ● Attendance at the 7.70 pass (a) sentence (on sb) (expr) /pɑːs (ə)
meeting was higher than expected. ➣ attend (v) ˈsentəns (ɒn ˈsʌmbədi)/
officially decide how a criminal will be punished
7.56 anger management (n)
and say what the punishment will be ● The judge
/ˈæŋgə ˈmænɪʤmənt/
will pass sentence on Jones this afternoon.
learning to recognise you are becoming angry
and take action to calm down and deal with the 7.71 punishment (n) /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
situation positively ● The boxer had to attend anger sth you do to sb because they have done sth
management classes to control his temper outside wrong ● ‘I think tougher punishments will reduce
the ring. crime,’ said the woman.
7.57 issue (n) /ˈɪʃuː/ 7.72 lawyer (n) /lɔɪə/
a subject or problem that people talk or argue sb who represents people in court ● The man had
about ● They talked about pollution and other a good lawyer who convinced the jury he was not
environmental issues. guilty. ➣ law (n)
7.58 authority (n) /ɔːˈθɒrɪtɪ/ 7.73 judge (n) /ʤʌʤ/
the power you have because of your official sb who decides a punishment in court ● The judge
position ● You must respect the authority of the sentenced the defendant to five weeks’ community
court and only speak when you are allowed to. service. ➣ judge (v), judgement (n)
7.59 approval (n) /əˈpruːvəl/ 7.74 clerk (n) /klɑːk/
when you have a positive opinion of sb or sth an official in charge of the records of a court
● The approval of his friends made him feel good. ● The judge asked the clerk to find the record of
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7.102 officer (n) /ˈɒfɪsə/ 7.115 indifferent (adj) /ɪnˈdɪfərənt/
a policeman or policewoman ● The hooligan not at all interested in sth ● He was indifferent to
was arrested by an officer for vandalising a the news because he wasn’t interested in current
street sign. affairs. ➣ indifference (n)
7.103 question (v) /ˈkwesʧən/ 7.116 sympathetic (adj) /sɪmpəˈθetɪk/
ask sb questions in order to get feeling sorry about sb’s problems ● The judge
information about sth ● The suspect was was sympathetic towards the victim who had been
questioned at the police station about where attacked. ➣ sympathise (v), sympathy (n)
he was on the night of the murder. ✎ Opp: unsympathetic
➣ question (n) 7.117 bring to justice (expr) /brɪŋ tʊ ˈʤʌstɪs/
7.104 innocent bystander (expr) /ˈɪnəsənt arrest sb and try them for a crime ● The criminals
ˈbaɪstændə(r)/ were caught and brought to justice.
sb who is at the scene of a crime or accident 7.118 confused (adj) /kənˈfjuːzd/
and may get hurt or killed although they are unable to understand sth or think clearly
not directly involved in the event ● An innocent ● Sorry, I’m a bit confused. What do I have to do?
bystander was hit by a bullet as the two gangs shot ➣ confuse (v), confusion (n)
at each other. (n)
7.119 culprit (n) /ˈkʌlprɪt/
7.105 hijack (v) /ˈhaɪdʒæk/ sb guilty of doing sth wrong ● The city centre
take control of a plane, ship, etc using was vandalised, but the culprits were never
violence ● The plane was hijacked by brought to justice.
three men who said they had a bomb.
➣ hijacker (n) 7.120 adolescent (n) /ædəˈlesənt/
a teenager ● Adolescents under eighteen must be
7.106 ransom (n) /ˈrænsəm/
accompanied in court by a parent or guardian.
money paid to kidnappers ● The kidnappers
➣ adolescence (n)
demanded a ransom of one hundred thousand
dollars. 7.121 fit (v) /fɪt/
be suitable for or similar to sth ● He fits the
7.107 raging (adj) /ˈreɪdʒɪŋ/ description of the man seen leaving the building.
very powerful ● The ship was caught in a
raging storm. 7.122 deter (v) /dɪˈtɜː/
stop sb doing sth by making them realise it
7.108 investigate (v) /ɪnˈvestɪgeɪt/
will have bad results ● Long prison sentences are
try to find out the truth about sth like a crime,
supposed to deter people from committing crimes.
accident, etc ● The case was investigated and
➣ deterrent (n)
evidence that the man was guilty was found.
➣ investigation, investigator (n) 7.123 crime-prevention (n) /kraɪm-prɪˈvenʃn/
stop crime from happening ● More police on
7.109 uncover (v) /ʌnˈkʌvə/
the streets is an effective crime-prevention method.
discover sth ● The police have uncovered
evidence that the man was involved in the murder. 7.124 verdict (n) /ˈvɜːdɪkt/
a decision in a court about whether sb is guilty or
7.110 bank (n) /bæŋk/ not ● The jury returned a verdict of ‘guilty’.
the land along the sides of a river ● He had a
small house on the bank of the Hudson River. 7.125 removal (n) /rɪˈmuːvəl/
the act of taking sb or sth away from a place ● The
7.111 victimless (adj) /ˈvɪktɪmləs/ students were helping with the removal of graffiti
A victimless crime is one where no people from the school walls. ➣ remove (v)
are harmed. ● Twenty-five years in prison
Speaking
for a victimless crime is a bit too harsh,
I think. page 89
7.112 make a getaway (expr) /meɪk ə ˈgetəweɪ/ 7.126 forensic scientist (n) /fəˈrensɪk ˈsaɪəntɪst/
escape from a crime scene ● The armed robbers a person whose job it is to use scientific methods
made a getaway in a blue van. to solve crimes ● According to the forensic scientist,
Listening
Smith’s DNA was found on the glass.
page 88 ➣ forensic science (n)
Grammar
7.113 ecstatic (adj) /ekˈstætɪk/
extremely happy and excited ● He was ecstatic page 90
about winning the competition.
7.127 burglar alarm (n) /ˈbɜːɡlər əˈlɑːm/
7.114 exhausted (adj) /ɪgˈzɔːstɪd/ a piece of equipment that makes a loud noise
very tired ● The police officer was exhausted when sb tries to enter a building by force
after running after the robbers. ➣ exhaust (v), ● When the man broke the window, the burglar
exhaustion (n) alarm went off.
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7.128 vacate (v) /vəˈkeɪt/ 7.143 consider (v) /kənˈsɪdə(r)/
leave a building, room, seat, etc ● Hotel guests think carefully about sth ● I’m considering buying
must vacate their rooms by 12 p.m. a new car. ➣ consideration (n)
7.129 the authorities (pl n) /ðiː ɔːˈθɒrɪtɪz/ 7.144 proposal (n) /prəˈpəʊzl/
people or organisations in charge of a particular an official suggestion or plan ● The manager’s
country or area ● The vandals are wanted by the proposal to shorten the coffee breaks was not
authorities. accepted. ➣ propose (v)
7.130 deport (v) /dɪˈpɔːt/ 7.145 gathering place (n) /ˈɡæðərɪŋ ˈpleɪs/
make sb leave a country and return to the country a place where people often come together in a
they came from ● ‘All illegal immigrants will be group ● The park has become a gathering place for
deported,’ said the government minister. people of all ages.
➣ deportation (n) 7.146 curfew (n) /ˈkɜːfjuː/
a law which says that people must stay indoors
Use your English page 91 after a particular time at ● Make sure you’re back
before curfew!
7.131 do away with (phr v) /duː əˈweɪ wɪð/ 7.147 recipient (n) /rɪˈsɪpɪənt/
kill; get rid of ● The murderers did away a person who receives sth ● Write the name of
with the witness and her body was never found. the recipient on the left-hand side of the envelope.
7.132 get away with (phr v) /get əˈweɪ wɪð/ ➣ receive (v)
not get caught for doing sth wrong ● The 7.148 incident (n) /ˈɪnsɪdənt/
bank robbers got away their crime and were sth that happens, especially sth bad or unusual
never caught. ● Have you told the police about the incident?
Writing: a formal
in the war.
7.155 slavery (n) /ˈsleɪvəri/
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7.156 soul (n) /səʊl/ 7.158 oppose (v) /əˈpəʊz/
the part of a person that contains their thoughts, disagree with sth such as a plan or idea and
feelings and character ● Yoga is good for the body try to stop it ● Many local residents opposed
and soul. the new law. ➣ opposed (adj), opposing (adj),
7.157 homeless (adj) /ˈhəʊmləs/ opposition (n)
not having a home ● The homeless man slept in a
shop doorway at night.
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