! 1!

NOTES!ON!INDIVIDUAL!POEMS!

!I! PSALM!2!

2!Sam.!7:1617! ! Covenant!Elements!in!the!Narrative!

7:567! ! ! Title! ! ! the!Lord!identified!

7:869! ! ! Historical!Prologue! the!Lord’s!election!of!David!

7:10615! ! Blessings! ! national!security,!Davidic!dynasty!

7:14b! ! ! Curses! ! ! chastening!of!son!

THEME!! ! ! ! ! 2!Sam.!7:1617! ! Psalm!2!

1!!Security!from!foes! ! ! ! vs!11! ! ! vss!165!

2!!the!Lord!established!the!throne!forever! vs!13b! ! ! vss!6,!8612!

3!!the!Lord!=!father,!the!king!=!son! ! vs!14! ! ! vs!7!(cf.!Heb.!1:5)!

4!!chastening! ! ! ! ! vs!14! ! ! 666666666!

!
! 2!

II! PSALM!29!

Yahweh!in!storm!theophany!

supreme!over!the!waters!

cf.!God$at$Sinai,!160–71!

A! ANE!BACKGROUND! Enuma$Elish,!Tablet!IV!

39! He!placed!the!lightning!before!him;!

40! With!a!burning!flame!he!filled!his!body!

! ……………….!

47! The!winds!which!he!had!made—the!Seven—he!set!loose,!

48! To!destroy!the!heart!of!Tiamat!they!rose!up!behind!him.!

49! The!Lord!raised!up!the!flood,!his!mighty!weapon,!

50! The!storm!chariot!irresistible!and!terrible!he!mounted.!

! ………………..!

58! [With]!a!frightful!halo!covering!his!head,!

59! The!Lord!went!forth!and!followed!his!course,!

60! Toward!the!enraged!Tiamat!he!set!his!face.!

Like!Yahweh!Marduk!comes!with!“lightning”!and!“winds”! !

a!perfect!number!of!them,!seven!

!
! 3!
"yom" in Gen.3 is not in the "cool" of the day but in
the storm of the day. it is a Ugaritic termn. Two
He!mounts!a!“storm!chariot”!(narkabata$umu)! meanings, "they" and "storm".

He!has!a!“frightful!halo”!(melammu)!

He!raises!up!a!“flood”!(abubu!;!cf,!mabbul,!Ps.!29:10)!

as!a!judgment!weapon!

! but!is!also!seated!above!the!flood!in!triumphant!glory!

! (in!his!chariot)!

B! THE!“CANAANITE”!HYPOTHESIS”!

1! H.!L.!Ginsberg,!“A!Phoenician!Hymn!in!the!Psalter,”!

! XIX!Congresso!Internazionale!degli!Orientalisti!(Rome,!1935)!

a! Emphasis!on!Yahweh’s!“voice”!
when Baal shows up the same word "qol" appears.
! shows!the!poem!was!originally!about!Baal!

b! The!presence!of!Phoenician!totonomy!

! “Sirion”!in!vs.!6! !=! !Phoenician!name!for!Mt.!Hermon!

! also!argues!for!a!Phoenician!provenance!

2! T.!H.!Gaster,!“Psalm!29,”!Jewish$Quarterly$Review!37!(1946647),!55665!

! adopted!this!argument!

3! F.!M.!Cross,!“Notes!on!a!Canaanite!Psalm!in!the!Old!Testament,”!!

! Bulletin$of$the$American$Schools$of$Oriental$Research!117!(1950),!19621!

!
! 4!

a! Ginsburg!had!presented!“conclusive!evidence”!

! the!Psalm!29!was!originally!!

a!Canaanite!Baal!hymn!

b! Psalm!29!now!took!on!

! “rare!new!importance!for!the!analysis!

! of!Canaanite!prosodic!canons!

! and!their!influence!on!Israelite!psalmody.”!

4! Mitchell!Dahood,!Psalms$I!ABC!(1966),!175!ff.!

! adopted!this!view!

5! F.!M.!Cross,!Canaanite$Myth$and$Hebrew$Epic!(1973),!151656!

! reiterated!this!argument!

! in!a!comparison!of!!

Baal!and!Yahweh!theophanies!

C! CONTRA!

1! P.!C.!Craigie,!Psalms$1F50,!WBC!(1983),!244ff!

! Problems!presented!by!

a! Genre!

b! Content!

c! Chronology!and!geography!
! 5!

However,!the!parallels!between!the!language!of!!

Baal!and!Yahweh!storm!theophanies!

“require!some!kind!of!interpretation!which!takes!into!account!!

the!Canaanite!/!Ugaritic!background”!

without!requiring!

“that!the!psalm!be!treated,!in!its!original!form,!

as!a!Canaanite!or!Phoenician!hymn.”! !

2! However,!the!following!present!no!problem!with!the!hypothesis:!

a! Genre!(hymn)!! ! ! cf.!Ugaritic!hymns!etc.!

c! Chronology!and!geography! ! cf.!Isa.!27:1!//!Ugaritic!

Isa.!27:1! ! ! ! ! ! Ugaritic!Baal6Mot!Cycle!

In!that!day,!

the!LORD!will!punish!with!his!sword—!

!!!!his!fierce,!great!and!powerful!sword—! ! ! For!you!slew!

Leviathan!the!gliding!serpent,! ! ! ! Litanu!(Leviathan)!the!slippery!serpent.!

!!!!Leviathan!the!coiling!serpent;! ! ! ! You!made!an!end!of!the!twisting!snake!

he!will!slay!the!monster!of!the!sea.! ! ! The!tightly!coiled!with!seven!heads.!

! I wonder if the use of similar poetry and words was a way for Israel to
bear witness to the pagan nations. They were isolated in a way
however they shared cultural roots with other nations which allowed
b! Content!makes!all!the!difference! them to engage with those nations?

1)! A!roll!call!of!theophanic!qualities!
! 6!

! vss.!364.7! “thunderous!voice”! ! (lq)!

! ! ! “splendor”! ! ! (rdh)!

! ! ! “glory”!! ! ! (dwbk)!

! ! ! “thunders”! ! ! (Myorh)!

! ! ! “flaming!fire”! ! ! (va twbhl)!

2)! Effect!of!Yahweh’s!advent!on!nature!

! (cf.!Jeremias,!the!“Aufruhr!der!Natur”)!

! vss.!566.869! Yahweh!makes!Lebanon!“skip!like!a!calf”!

! ! ! his!“thunderous!voive”!

! ! ! shatters!the!cedars!of!Lebanon!

! ! ! makes!the!desert!writhe!(or,!“the!hinds!calve”)!

! ! ! strips!the!forests!bare!

3)! His!glory!appears!in!his!temple!(vs.!9)!

! =! a!motive!for!praise!

! =! a!transition!to!the!conclusion!

4)! Conclusion!celebrates!Yahweh:!

! vs.10! ! extols!him!as!king!

! vs.!11! ! extols!him!as!a!Suzerain!

! ! ! who!will!bless!his!people!

! ! ! and!give!them!peace!
! 7!

5)! Yahweh!as!king!!

! “sat!enthroned!above!the!Flood”!! (bvy lwbml hwhy)!

! cf.!Gen.!6:17!etc.!

! cf.!vs.!3!! “The!thunderous!voice!of!Yahweh!is!above!the!mighty$waters”!

! Echo!of!Baal!victorious!over!Yamm!

! Baal!also!brought!fecundity!

! cf.!vs.!9! “The!thunderous!voice!of!Yahweh!makes!the!hinds!calve”!

! Cf.!Craigie,!!

“In!Ps.!29:3,!the!Lord!is!described!not!merely!as!a!deity!whose!thunderous!

voice!is!heard,!but!as!one!victorious!over!the!chaotic!forces!symbolized!by!

the!mighty!waters.”!
* mighty waters are associated with death
!

3! The!phrase,!“the!mighty!waters”!! (Mybr Mym)! cf. Psalm 77, similar language with Revelations

a! Ps.!77:20!(Heb.)!says!

! Yahweh’s!path!through!the!Sea!of!Reeds!

! led!through!

! “the!mighty!waters”!(Mybr Mym)! LXX!! ἐν!ὕδασι&πολλοῖς!

b! Ps.!32:26!

! “In!a!time!of!distress,!in!the!rush!of!mighty!waters,!

! they!shall!not!reach!him”!

! Godly!man!protected!from!the!waters.!

!
! 8!

c! Cf.!Rev.!17:1!

! δείξω!σοι!τὸ!κρίμα!τῆς!πόρνης!τῆς!μεγάλης!!

τῆς!καθημένης!ἐπὶ!ὑδάτων&πολλῶν!

! cf.!Rev.17:15!
the sea is symbolic of opossed forces to God. It associated
! τὰ!ὕδατα!ἃ!εἶδες!οὗ!ἡ!πόρνη!κάθηται,!! with Leviathan.

λαοὶ!καὶ!ὄχλοι!εἰσὶν!καὶ!ἔθνη!καὶ!γλῶσσαι!

d! Thus,!the!“mighty!waters”!can!symbolizes!forces!opposed!to!the!Lord!

e! Symbolically,!God’s!supremacy!over!the!waters!!

at!creation!

and!in!the!Flood!

indicate!his!supremacy!over!all!forces!of!chaos!

1)! Yahweh!brought!order!out!of!the!primordial!

2)! Ps.!29:10a!! tells!us!!

! he!sat!enthroned!above!the!Flood!

3)! Ps.!29:10b!! tells!us!

! he!sits!enthroned!as!King!forever!

4)! He!is!thus!able!to!bless!his!people!with!peace.!

!
! 9!

III! PSALM!110!
goes back to Gen 14 // Matthew 22:41-46
!

A! THEME! ! ! ! PSALM!110!

1! Yahweh’s!word!to!David’s!Adon! 1a!

a! Royal!session!! ! ! 1b!

b! Extensive!rule! ! ! 2!

c! Forces!willing!! ! ! 3a!

d! Holy!splendor,!eternal!life! ! 3b!

2! Yahweh’s!oath!to!David’s!Adon! 4a!

a! Eternal!priesthood! ! ! 4b!

b! Melchizedek!order! ! ! 4c!

3! Victory!of!the!Adon! ! ! 5–7!

a! Yahweh!at!Adon’s!right!hand! 5a!

b! He!(amb.?)!will!crush!kings!

! on!the!Day!of!his!wrath! ! 5b!

c! He!(amb.?)!will!judge!nations! 6a!

d! heaping!up!the!dead! ! ! 6b!

e! Crush!!!hbr Xra lo!!var!!Xjm! 6cd! Cf.!Gen.!3:15!!!var Kpwvy awh!

f! Victorious!progress! ! ! 7!

! !
! 10!

IV! LAMENTATIONS!5!

A! LAMENT!FORM! ! ! LAMENTATIONS!5!

1! Address!to!God! ! ! 5:1!

2! Complaint! ! ! ! 5:2!!! ! inheritance!to!aliens!

! in!community!lament:! ! 5:3! ! orphans,!widows!

! war/drought/famine! ! 5:4.6.9!! buy!food,!drink!

! ! ! ! ! ! 5:5! ! foes!pursue!

! ! ! ! ! ! 5:8! ! no!freedom!

! ! ! ! ! ! 5:10! ! fever!

! ! ! ! ! ! 5:11! ! women!ravished!

! ! ! ! ! ! 5:12614! men!punished,!enslaved!

! ! ! ! ! ! 5:15! ! dancing!to!mourning!

Often!the!complaint!is!accompanied!

by!a!protestation!of!innocence! ! 5:7! ! our!father!sinned,!but!

or! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! we!are!punished!

plea!for!forgiveness! ! ! ! 5:16! ! “Woe,!we!have!sinned”!

! ! ! ! ! ! 5:17618! longing!for!Zion!

3! Confession!of!Trust! ! ! 5:19! ! You,!Yahweh,!reign!forever!

4! Petition! ! ! ! 5:20621! Plea!for!restoration!

5! Words!of!Assurance! ! ! ! ! NONE!

6! Vow!of!Praise!! ! ! ! ! NONE!!(but!cf.!5:19)!
! 11!

B! COVENANT!NOTES!

1! Heavy!deuteronomic!allusions!indicate!!

the!rationale!for!judgment!

2! They!also!imply!hope!

! cf.!Deut,!30:166!

“When!all!these!blessings!and!curses!I!have!set!before!you!come!on!you!and!

you!take!them!to!heart!wherever!the!LORD!your!God!disperses!you!among!the!

nations,!2!and!when!you!and!your!children!return!to!the!LORD!your!God!and!

obey!him!with!all!your!heart!and!with!all!your!soul!according!to!everything!I!

command!you!today,!3!then!the!LORD!your!God!will!restore!your!fortunes[a]!

and!have!compassion!on!you!and!gather!you!again!from!all!the!nations!where!

he!scattered!you.!4!Even!if!you!have!been!banished!to!the!most!distant!land!

under!the!heavens,!from!there!the!LORD!your!God!will!gather!you!and!bring!

you!back.!5!He!will!bring!you!to!the!land!that!belonged!to!your!ancestors,!and!

you!will!take!possession!of!it.!He!will!make!you!more!prosperous!and!

numerous!than!your!ancestors.!6!The!LORD!your!God!will!circumcise!your!

hearts!and!the!hearts!of!your!descendants,!so!that!you!may!love!him!with!all!

your!heart!and!with!all!your!soul,!and!live.”!

!
! 12!

V! JONAH!2! SONG!OF!THANKSGIVING! (Historicity,!cf.!Matt.!12L38642)!

A! THANKSGIVING!FORM! ! ! JONAH!2! The Lord is bringing someone around His

point of view

1! Introduction:!!usually!to!Yahweh! ! 2:2! “Out!of!the!belly!of!Sheol!

! Individual’s!intent!to!praise!Yahweh! ! I!cried!out,!and!you!heard!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! my!voice.”!

2! Main!Section:!!Narration!of!!

! psalmist’s!experience,!with!

a! Portrayal!of!affliction! ! ! 2:366a!(water!+!vpn)!

b! Cry!for!help,!and!response! ! ! 2:6b67!!

c! Deliverance! ! ! ! ! 2:6! “You!brought!me!up!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! from!the!pit.”!

3! Conclusion:!

! Acknowledgement!of!God’s!grace,!and! 2:869!

! promise!of!thank!offering!

B! NOTE!ESPECIALLY!

1! Yahweh’s!command!over!sea!beast,!2:1.11f.!(cf.!Gen.!1:21622,!Isa.!27L1ff).!

2! Water/death,!2:3b64,!667!(cf.!Genesis!669,!Psalm!29,!Rom.!6:164,!Rev.!17:15)!
baptism is associated with death.
3! Polemic!against!idolatry,!“vain!fakes,”!2:9.!

4! Reality!of!Yahweh,!2:10,!“Salvation!is!from!Yahweh.”!

5! Jonah’s!confessions!aligns!him!with!Yahweh,!who!wants!to!save!Nineveh.!
! 13!

VI! ISA.!9:6!(HEB.!9:5)!

A! HISTORY!OF!TRANSLATION!

1! Targum!(2dn!century!BC)! four!names/titles! they understood the messianic aspect of the text.

Incarnational
! “And!there!was!called!his!name!from!of!old,!

! Wonderful!Counselor,!

! Mighty!God,!!

! He!who!lives!forever,!

! The!Messiah!

! in!whose!days!peace!shall!increase!upon!us.!

2! Septuagint! ! ! one!name!! +!! comment!

! καὶ!καλεῖται!τὸ!ὄνομα!αὐτοῦ!! Μεγάλης!βουλῆς!ἄγγελος·!!

ἐγὼ!γὰρ!ἄξω!εἰρήνην!ἐπὶ!τοὺς!ἄρχοντας,!εἰρήνην!καὶ!ὑγίειαν!αὐτῷ!

3! Vulgate!(405!AD)! ! six!names/titles!

! “Admirabilis,!

! Consiliarius,!

! Deus,!

! Fortis,!

! Pater!future!saeculi,! Father of future ages

! 14!

! Princeps!pacis”!

3! Luther!(1545)! ! five!names/titles!

! er!heißt!!

Wunderbar,!!

Rat,!!

Held,!!

Ewig6Vater!!

Friedefürst!

4! English!versions:!

a! KJV! ! ! ! five!names/titles!

! “Wonderful,!

! Counselor,!

! Mighty!God,!

! Everlasting!Father,!

! Prince!of!Peace.”!

b! NIV! ! ! ! four!names/titles! best$interpretation!

! “Wonderful!Counselor,!

! Mighty!God,!

! Everlasting!Father,!

Prince!of!Peace.”!

!
! 15!

B! SENTENCE!NAME!HYPOTHESIS!

1! Samuel!David!Luzzatto! 1855!

2! All!of!Isa.!9:5b!is!a!sentence!name!

3! Translation:!

“A!wonderful!thing!is!counseling!he!who!is!the!mighty!God,!the!everlasting!

Father,!the!Prince!of!Peace.”!

4! Aanalysis:!!

! !!!!!!!!!!!!Subj.$ $ $$$$$$$$Appositive$#1$ $ $$$$$Appositive$#2$

The!mighty!God,!! the!everlasting!Father,!! the!Prince!of!Peace!

! !!!!!!!Verb$ $ $$$$$$$ D.O.$

is!counseling!!! a!wonderful!thing.!

5! Still!commonly!held!today.!

6! Result:!!Eviscerates!the!name!of!its!incarnational!content.! there''s no counter argument per se

7! Sentence!names!in!the!ancient!Near!East.! in ANE literature there are not sentence names that long.
The sentence name takes a higher degree of order away,
8! Use!of!key!terms!elsewhere!in!the!Bible! also the incarnation. Is this written as a sentence name there was not
translated as such" Targum, LXX.
a! “Wonder”! Judg.!13:18! name!of!the!angel!of!Yahweh! associated with Divine activity ("pe-le")

! ! ! Ps,!78:12! “Wonders!he!did!before!their!fathers!in!Egypt.”!
! 16!

1)! In!both!cases!associated!with!Yahweh!and!with!salvation!

! Sampson!

! Egypt!

b! “God![who!is/the]!hero”! Deut.!10:17! arwnh rwbgh lwdgh lah

! ! ! ! ! Jer.!32:18! rwbgh lwdgh lah!

!
! 17!

VII! ISA.!44:24628!

A! HIGHER!CRITICISM!

1! Exilic!date!

2! Vaticinium!ex!eventu!!cf.!Eissfeldt,!IOT!

B! !A!HYMN?!

1! Cf.!J.!D.!W.!Watts,!“An!Old!Hymn!Preserved!in!the!Book!of!Amos”!JNES!15,!!

33639!(Amos!4:12).!

2! D.!Stuart,!HoseaFAmos,!334640.!!

3! Ancient!Near!Eastern!titularies!

a! Codex$Hammurapi! ! (ca.!1754!BC)!

b! Annals!of!Tiglath6Pileser!I!! (ca.!1110!BC)!

!
! 18!

IX! PROV.!8:22631!

A! OVERVIEW!IN!CONTEXT!

1! Prov.!8:22631!! Wisdom! ! Personification! !

2! Prov.!9:9:1612! Wisdom! ! Personification!

3! Prov.!9:13618!! Folly! ! ! Personification!

4! Wisdom!! 9:1612!! ! ! Folly!! ! 9:13618!

a! her!house! 9:1! ! ! ! her!house! 9:14!

b! her!food! 9:2! ! ! ! her!food! 9:17!

c! her!invitation!9:365! ! ! ! her!invitation!9:15616!

d! NB!

1)! Wisdom! 9:1! twmkj!! ! !

2)! Folly! ! 9:13! twlysk tva

3)! Wisdom! 8:1! hmkj! !

These!are!personifications!

The!genders!are!feminine!

No!ontological!conclusions!to!be!drawn!
! 19!

B! SOME!SPECIFIC!NOTES!

1! 8:26! !!!rpo! !in!wisdom!literature!!

! represents!human!mortality!

! cf.!

! Job!4:19,!10:9,!21:26,!30:19,!34:15!

! Eccl.!3:20,!12:7!

2! So:!

a! Humans!are!made!from!dust!by!God’s!wisdom!

b! If!humans!reject!God’s!wisdom,!they!return!to!dust!

3! 8:30! “I!was!beside!him!a!craftsman![lit.,!“joiner,”!!ἁρμόζουσα]”!

a! Cf.!!

! Matt.!13:65! !

! 1!Cor.!1:24! “Christ,!the!power!of!God!and!the!wisdom!of!God”!

! Col.!1:17! “He!is!before!all!things!

! ! ! and!in!him!all!things!hold!together”!

! Col.!2:263! “Christ,!in!whom!are!hidden!all!the!treasures!

! ! ! of!wisdom!and!knowledge”!

! !
! 20!

! Eph.!4:16! “In!him!the!whole!body!joined$together![συναρμολογούμενον]!

! ! ! by!every!supporting!ligament,!grows”!

! cf.!! ! “joint”!! ἁρμός!

! So,!church!=!body!=!new!creation!

!
! 21!

X! JOB!38:167! KNOWLEDGE/CREATION!

A! SOME!RESONATING!ELEMENTS!

1! 38:1! “stormwind”! ! hros!

! cf.!

! 2!Kings!2:1.11!

! Ezek.!1:4!

! Job!40:6!

2! 38:3! “gird”! ! ! rza!

! cf.!

! Jer.!1:17! “Gird!yourself”!

! Ps.!45:3!(4)! “Gird!your!sword!upon!your!side”!

! cf.!

! ANE! loins!girded!for!wrestling!bout!/!judgment!ordeal!

3! 38:4! “understanding”! hnyb!

! a!wisdom!attribute,!from!God:!

! Pr.!9:10!

! “The!fear!of!Yahweh!is!the!beginning!of!wisdom!

! knowledge!of!the!Holy!One!is!understanding”!