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Other Names:
Corpus Luteum Hormone, Hormone de Grossesse, Hormone du Corps Jaune, Hormone Lutéale, Hormone
Progestative, Luteal Hormone, Luteohormone, Lutine, NSC-9704, Pregnancy Hormone, Pregnanedione,
Prégnanedione, Progestational Hormone, Progesterona, Progestérone, Progesteronum, 4-Pregnene-3; 20-Dione
Progesterone is a hormone that occurs naturally in the body. It can also be made in a laboratory.
“Progestin” is a general term for a substance that causes some or all of the biologic effects of progesterone. The term
"progestin" is sometimes used to refer to the progesterone made in the laboratory that is in oral contraceptives and
hormone replacement therapy. However, all progesterone and progestin products are made in the laboratory. The
term "natural progesterone" is really a misnomer. "Natural progesterones," including the prescription products
Crinone and Prometrium, are made from a chemical called diosgenin that is isolated from wild yam or soy. In the
laboratory, this constituent is converted to pregnenolone and then to progesterone. The human body is not able to
make progesterone from diosgenin, so eating wild yam or soy will not boost your progesterone levels.
Over-the-counter (OTC) progesterone products may not contain progesterone concentrations as labeled. According
to a British report, two-ounce jars of Progest cream used in a clinical trial contained 100 mg progesterone per ounce
rather than the 465 mg claimed by the manufacturer.
Topical progesterone products (preparations applied to the skin) marketed as cosmetics require no FDA approval
prior to marketing. There is currently no limit on the amount of progesterone allowed in cosmetic products. In 1993
the FDA proposed a rule limiting progesterone-containing cosmetic products to a maximum level of 5 mg/oz with the
product label instructing users not to exceed 2 oz per month. But this rule was never finalized.
Women take progesterone by mouth for inducing menstrual periods; and treating abnormal uterine bleeding
associated with hormonal imbalance, and severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Progesterone is also
used in combination with the hormone estrogen to “oppose estrogen” as part of hormone replacement therapy. If
estrogen is given without progesterone, estrogen increases the risk of uterine cancer.
Progesterone is also used to ease withdrawal symptoms when certain drugs (benzodiazepines) are discontinued.
Progesterone cream is sometimes used in hormone replacement therapy and for treating menopausal symptoms
such as hot flashes. Topical progesterone is also used for treating or preventing certain allergies in which hormones
play a role; and for treating bloating, breast tenderness, decreased sex drive, depression, fatigue, lumpy (fibrocystic)
breasts, headaches, low blood sugar, increased blood clotting, infertility, irritability, memory loss, miscarriages, brittle
bones (osteoporosis), bone loss in younger women, symptoms of PMS, thyroid problems, “foggy thinking,” uterine
cancer, uterine fibroids, water retention, weight gain, and vaginal irritation (vulval lichen sclerosis).
Progesterone gel is sometimes used inside the vagina to expand the cervix (cervical ripening), treat breast pain in
women with noncancerous breast disease, and to prevent and treat abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus
(endometrial hyperplasia).
Progesterone is also used intravaginally or by injection for treating infertility and symptoms of (PMS).
Lab-made progesterone is used to imitate the functions of the progesterone released by the ovaries.
The progesterone prescription products that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are
LIKELY SAFE for most people when used by mouth, applied to the skin, applied into vagina, or injected into the
muscle with the advice and care of a healthcare professional. However, progesterone can cause many side effects
including stomach upset, changes in appetite, weight gain, fluid retention and swelling (edema), fatigue, acne,
drowsiness or insomnia, allergic skin rashes, hives, fever, headache, depression, breast discomfort or enlargement,
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)-like symptoms, altered menstrual cycles, irregular bleeding, and other side effects.
There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking progesterone if you are breast-feeding.
Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Breast cancer: Avoid use unless you are directed to do so by your healthcare provider.
Depression: Get your healthcare provider’s advice first before using progesterone if you have major
depression now or a history of major depression.
Liver disease: Progesterone might make liver disease worse. Don’t use it.
Vaginal bleeding: If you have undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, don’t use progesterone.
PROGESTERONE INTERACTIONS
PROGESTERONE DOSING
BY MOUTH:
For hormone replacement therapy: 200 mg micronized progesterone
(Prometrium) per day is typically taken for 12 days of a 25-day cycle with 0.625
mg conjugated estrogens.
APPLIED TO THE SKIN:
For hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause: 20 mg progesterone cream
(equivalent to 1/4 teaspoon Progest cream) is typically applied daily to rotating
places on the body including upper arms, thighs, or breasts.
INSIDE THE VAGINA:
For breast pain associated with noncancerous breast disease: a typical dose of 4
grams of vaginal cream containing 2.5% natural progesterone is placed inside
the vagina from the 19th to the 25th day of a 28-day cycle.
For restoring menstrual periods in women who have not reached menopause:
one applicator (90 mg) of progesterone gel (Crinone 4% or 8%) is typically
placed inside the vagina every other day for 6 days per month.
For hormone replacement therapy, one applicator (90 mg) of progesterone gel
(Crinone 4% or 8%) is typically placed inside the vagina on days 17, 19, 21, 23,
25, and 27 of a 28-day cycle with 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens.
For reducing vaginal bleeding and reversing the thickening of the lining of the
uterus in premenopausal women with noncancerous endometrial hyperplasia: a
dose of 100 mg progesterone cream placed inside the vagina daily from day 10
to day 25 of a 28-day cycle has been used.