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1. Some Basic Phrases[mp3 - 2.94 MB ] [ Multiple Choice Exercise ]
Bonjour
/b ̃ u /
ɔʒ ʀ
Hello / Good day
Bonsoir
/b ̃
swa /
ɔ
ʀ
Good evening
Bonne nuit
/b n n i/
ɔ ɥ
Good night
Salut
/saly/
Hi / Bye
Au revoir
/ (ə)vwa /
ɔʀ
ʀ
Goodbye
S'il vous plaît
/sil vu pl /
ɛ
Please
Merci (beaucoup)
/m si boku/
ɛʀ
Thank you (very much)
De rien. / Je vous en prie.
/də j ̃
/ / əvu z ̃ pri/
ʀ ɛ ʒ
ɑ
You're welcome.
Bienvenu(e)
/bj ̃
vəny/
ɛ
Welcome (also You're
welcome in Quebec)
A tout à l'heure / A plus tard
/a tu ta lœ / /a ply ta /
ʀ
ʀ
See you later
A bientôt
/a bj ̃
to/
ɛ
See you soon
A demain
/a dəm ̃
/
ɛ
See you tomorrow
Désolé(e)!
/dez le/
ɔ
Sorry!
Pardon !
/pa d ̃
/
ʀ ɔ
Excuse me!
Allons-y!
/al ̃ zi/
ɔ
Let's go!
Comment allez-vous ?
/k m ̃ tale vu/
ɔ ɑ
How are you? (formal)
Ça va ?
/sa va/
How are you? (informal)
Très bien / mal / pas mal
/t bj ̃
/ /mal/ /pa mal/
ʀɛ ɛ
Very good / bad / not bad
Je vais bien
/ ə ve bj ̃
/
ʒ
ɛ
I'm fine.
Ça va.
/sa va/
I'm fine. (informal)
Oui / non
/wi/ /n ̃
/
ɔ
Yes / no
Comment vous appelez-
vous ?
/k m ̃ vu zaple vu/
ɔ ɑ
What's your name? (formal)
Tu t'appelles comment ?
/ty tap l k m ̃
/
ɛɔ ɑ
What's your name? (informal)
Je m'appelle...
/ ə map l/
ʒ
ɛ
My name is...
Enchanté(e)
/
̃ ̃
te/
ɑʃɑ
Nice to meet you.
Monsieur, Madame,
Mademoiselle
/məsjø/ /madam/ /madwaz l/
ɛ
Mister, Misses, Miss
Mesdames et Messieurs
/medam/ /mesjø/
Ladies and gentlemen
Vous êtes d'où ?
/vu z t du/
ɛ
Where are you from? (formal)
Tu es d'où ?
/ty du/
ɛ
Where are you from?
(informal)
Je suis de...
/ ə s i də/
ʒ ɥ
I am from...
Où habitez-vous ?
/u abite vu/
Where do you live? (formal)
Tu habites où ?
/ty abit u/
Where do you live? (informal)
J'habite à...
/ abit a/
ʒ
I live in...
Quel âge avez-vous ?
/kl ave vu/
ɛ ɑʒ
How old are you? (formal)
Tu as quel âge ?
/ty k l /
ɑ ɛ ɑʒ
How old are you? (informal)
J'ai___ _ ans.
/e__ ̃
/
ʒ
ɑ
I am____ years old.
Parlez-vous français ?
/pa le vu fr ̃
s /
ʀ
ɑ ɛ
Do you speak French? (formal)
Tu parles anglais ?
/ty pa l ̃
gl /
ʀ ɑɛ
Do you speak English?
(informal)
Je (ne) parle (pas)...
/ ə (nə) pa l pa/
ʒ
ʀ
I (don't) speak...
Comprenez-vous? / Tu
comprends?
/k ̃
p əne vu/ /ty k ̃
p
̃
/
ɔ ʀ
ɔ
ʀɑ
Do you understand? (formal /
informal)
Je (ne) comprends (pas)
/ ə nə k ̃
p
̃ (pa)/
ʒ
ɔ
ʀɑ
I (don't) understand
Je (ne) sais (pas)
/ ə(n) s (pa)/
ʒ
ɛ
I (don't) know
Pouvez-vous m'aider ? / Tu
peux m'aider ?
/puve vu mede/ /ty pø mede/
Can you help me? (formal /
informal)
Bien sûr.
/bj ̃ sy /
ɛ ʀ
Of course.
Comment?
/k m ̃
/
ɔ ɑ
What? Pardon?
Où est ... / Où sont ... ?
/u / /u s ̃
/
ɛ
ɔ
Where is ... / Where are ... ?
Voici / Voilà
/vwasi/ /vwala/
Here is... / Here it is.
Il y a ... / Il y avait...
/il i a/ /il i av /
ɛ
There is / are... / There was /
were...
Comment dit-on____ en
français ?
/k m ̃ di t ̃ __ ̃ f
̃
s /
ɔ ɑ
ɔ
ɑ
ʀɑ ɛ
How do you say___ _ in
French?
Qu'est-ce que c'est que
ça ?
/k s kə s kə sa/
ɛ
ɛ
What is that?
Qu'est-ce qu'il y a ?
/k s kil i a/
ɛ
What's the matter?
Ça ne fait rien.
/sa nə f j ̃
/
ɛʀ ɛ
It doesn't matter.
Qu'est-ce qui se passe ?
/k s ki sə pas/
ɛ
What's happening?
Je n'ai aucune idée.
/ ə ne okyn ide/
ʒ
I have no idea.
Je suis fatigué(e) / malade.
/ ə s i fati e/
ʒ ɥ
ɡ
I'm tired / sick.
J'ai faim / J'ai soif.
/ ef ̃
/ / e swaf/
ʒ ɛʒ
I'm hungry / I'm thirsty.
J'ai chaud / J'ai froid.
/ e o/ / e f w /
ʒʃ ʒ ʀɑ
I'm hot / I'm cold.
Je m'ennuie.
/əm ̃
n i/
ʒ
ɑ ɥ
I'm bored.
Ça m'est égal. / Je m'en
fiche.
/sa m te al/ / ə m ̃ fi /
ɛɡ ʒ
ɑ ʃ
I don't care.
Ne vous en faites pas. / Ne
t'en fais pas.
/nə vu ̃ f t pa/ /nə t ̃ f pa/
ɑ ɛ
ɑ ɛ
Don't worry (formal / informal)
Ce n'est pas grave.
/sə n pa g av/
ɛ
ʀ
It's no problem. / It's alright.
J'ai oublié.
/ e ublije/
ʒ
I forgot.
Je dois y aller.
/ ə dwa i ale/
ʒ
I must go.
A vos souhaits ! / A tes
souhaits !
/a vo sw / /a te sw /
ɛ
ɛ
Bless you! (formal / informal)
Félicitations !
/felisitasj ̃
/
ɔ
Congratulations!
Bonne chance !
/b n
̃
s/
ɔ
ʃɑ
Good luck!
C'est à vous ! / C'est à toi !
/s ta vu/ /s ta tw /
ɛ
ɛ
ɑ
It's your turn! (formal / informal)
Taisez-vous ! / Tais-toi !
/t ze vu/ /t tw /
ɛ
ɛ ɑ
Shut up! / Be quiet! (formal /
informal)
Je vous aime / Je t'aime
/ ə vu z m/ / ə t m/
ʒ
ɛ ʒɛ
I love you (formal & plural /
informal)
Tenez / Tiens
/təne/ /tj ̃
/
ɛ
Hey / Here (formal / informal)
Quoi de neuf ? / Ça
boume ?
/kw də nœf/ /sa bum/
ɑ
What's new? / What's up?
Pas grand chose.
/pa g
̃ oz/
ʀɑ ʃ
Not a whole lot.
Notice that French has informal and formal ways of saying things. This
is because there is
more than one meaning to "you" in French (as well as in many other
languages.) The informal
you is used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals or
children. The formal you is used
when talking to someone you just met, do not know well, or someone for
whom you would like
to show respect (a professor, for example.) There is also a plural you,
used when speaking to
more than one person.
Also notice that some words take an extrae, shown in parentheses. If the
word refers to a
woman or is spoken by a woman, then thee is added in spelling; but in
most cases, it does not
change the pronunciation.
To make verbs negative, French addsne before the verb andpas after it.
However, thene is
frequently dropped in spoken French, although it must appear in written
French.
2. Pronunciation [ mp3 - 4.22 MB ] *Re-recorded mp3 January 2009! For a
more in-depth look at French pronunciation, try to the new French Phonetics
tutorial.
French Vowels
IPAPhonetic
spelling
Sample words
General
spellings
[i]ee
vie, midi, lit, riz
i, y
[y]ee
rounded
rue, jus, tissu,
usine
u
[e]ay
blé, nez, cahier,
pied
é, et, final er
and ez
[ø]ay
rounded
jeu, yeux, queue,
bleu
eu
[ɛ]eh
lait, aile, balai,
reine
e, è, ê, ai, ei,
ais
[œ]eh
rounded
sœur, œuf, fleur,
beurre
œu, eu
[a]ah
chat, ami, papa,
salade
a, à, â
[ɑ]ah longerbas, âne, grâce,
château
a, â
[u]oo
loup, cou, caillou,
outil
ou
[o]oh
eau, dos,
escargot, hôtel
o, ô
[ɔ]aw
sol, pomme,
cloche, horloge
o
[ə]uh
fenêtre, genou,
cheval, cerise
e
[ɑ] is disappearing in modern French, being replaced by [a]. Vowels that
do not exist in
English are marked in blue.
French semi-vowels
IPA
Phonetic
spelling
Sample
words
General
spelling
[w]
w
fois, oui,
Louis
oi, ou
[ɥ]
ew-ee
lui, suisse
ui
[j]
yuh
oreille,
Mireille
ill, y
French nasal vowels
Phonetic
spelling
Sample words
General spelling
awn
gant, banc, dent
en, em, an, am, aon, aen
ahn
pain, vin, linge
in, im, yn, ym, ain, aim, ein, eim, un, um, en, eng, oin, oing, oint,
ien, yen, éen
uhn
brun, lundi, parfum
Un
Ohn
rond, ongle, front
on, om
[œ̃] is being replaced with [ɛ̃] in modern French
In words beginning with in-, a nasal is only used if the next letter is
a consonant. Otherwise,
the in- prefix is pronounceeen before a vowel.
French Consonants
ex + vowel
egz
examen, exercice
ex + consonant
eks
exceptionnel, expression
ch (Latin origin)
sh
architecte, archives
ch (Greek origin)
k
orchestre, archéologie
[ɛ]eh
lait, aile, balai,
reine
e, è, ê, ai, ei,
ais
[œ]eh
rounded
sœur, œuf, fleur,
beurre
œu, eu
[a]ah
chat, ami, papa,
salade
a, à, â
[ɑ]ah longerbas, âne, grâce,
château
a, â
[u]oo
loup, cou, caillou,
outil
ou
[o]oh
eau, dos,
escargot, hôtel
o, ô
[ɔ]aw
sol, pomme,
cloche, horloge
o
[ə]uh
fenêtre, genou,
cheval, cerise
e
[ɑ] is disappearing in modern French, being replaced by [a]. Vowels that
do not exist in
English are marked in blue.
French semi-vowels
IPA
Phonetic
spelling
Sample
words
General
spelling
[w]
w
fois, oui,
Louis
oi, ou
[ɥ]
ew-ee
lui, suisse
ui
[j]
yuh
oreille,
Mireille
ill, y
French nasal vowels
Phonetic
spelling
Sample words
General spelling
awn
gant, banc, dent
en, em, an, am, aon, aen
ahn
pain, vin, linge
in, im, yn, ym, ain, aim, ein, eim, un, um, en, eng, oin, oing, oint,
ien, yen, éen
uhn
brun, lundi, parfum
Un
Ohn
rond, ongle, front
on, om
[œ̃] is being replaced with [ɛ̃] in modern French
In words beginning with in-, a nasal is only used if the next letter is
a consonant. Otherwise,
the in- prefix is pronounceeen before a vowel.
French Consonants
ex + vowel
egz
examen, exercice
ex + consonant
eks
exceptionnel, expression
ch (Latin origin)
sh
architecte, archives
ch (Greek origin)
k
orchestre, archéologie
ti + vowel (except é)
see
démocratie, nation
c + e, i, y; or ç
s
cent, ceinture, maçon
c + a, o, u
k
caillou, car, cube
g + e, i, y
zh
genou, gingembre
g + a, o, u
g
gomme, ganglion
Th
t
maths, thème, thym
J
zh
jambe, jus, jeune
qu, final q
k
que, quoi, grecque
H
silent
haricot, herbe, hasard
vowel + s + vowel
z
rose, falaise, casino
x + vowel
z
six ans, beaux arts
final x
s
six, dix, soixante (these 3 only!)
There are a lot of silent letters in French, and you usually do not
pronounce the final
consonant, unless that final consonant is C, R, F or L (except verbs
that end in -r).
Liaison: French slurs most words together in a sentence, so if a word
ends in a consonant that
is not pronounced and the next word starts with a vowel or silent h,
slur the two together as if it
were one word. S and x are pronounced as z; d as t; and f as v in these
liaisons. Liaison is
always made in the following cases:
•
after a determiner: un ami, des amis
•
before or after a pronoun: vous avez, je les ai
•
after a preceding adjective: bon ami, petits enfants
•
after one syllable prepositions: en avion, dans un livre
•
after some one-syllable adverbs (très, plus, bien)
•
afterest
It is optional after pas, trop fort, and the forms ofêtre, but it is
never made afteret.
Silent e: Sometimes thee is dropped in words and phrases, shortening the
syllables and
slurring more words.
•
rapid(e)ment, lent(e)ment, sauv(e)tage / apidm ̃
// ̃
tm ̃
/ /sovta /
ʀ
ɑ ɑ
ɑ
ʒ
•
sous l(e) bureau, chez l(e) docteur /sul by o/ / el d kto /
ʀʃ ɔʀ
•
il y a d(e)... , pas d(e)... , plus d(e)... /yad/ /pad/ / plyd/
•
je n(e), de n(e) / ən/ /dən/
ʒ
•
j(e) te, c(e) que / t/ /skə/ (note the change of the pronunciation of
the j as well)
ʃ
Stress & Intonation: Stress on syllables is not as heavily pronounced as
in English and it
generally falls on the last syllable of the word. Intonation usually
only rises for yes/no
questions, and all other times, it goes down at the end of the sentence.
3. Alphabet[mp3 - 538 KB ]
a/a/
j
/ i/
ʒ
s/ s/
ɛ
b/be/
k/ka/
t/te/
c/se/
l
/ l/
ɛ
u/y/
d/de/
m/ m/
ɛ
v/ve/
e/ə/
n/ n/
ɛ
w/dubləve/
f/ f/
ɛ
o/o/
x/iks/
g/ /
ʒɜ
p/pe/
y/igr k/
ɛ
h/a /
ʃ
q/ky/
z/z d/
ɛ
i/i/
r/ /
ɛʀ
4. Nouns, Articles and Demonstrative Adjectives[mp3 - 373 KB ]
All nouns in French have a gender, either masculine or feminine. For the
most part, you must
memorize the gender, but there are some endings of words that will help
you decide which
gender a noun is. Nouns ending in -age and -ment are usually masculine,
as are nouns ending
with a consonant. Nouns ending in -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -té,
and -ette are usually
feminine.
Articles and adjectives must agree in number and gender with the nouns
they modify. And
articles have to be expressed even though they aren't always in English;
and you may have to
repeat the article in some cases. Demonstratives are like strong
definite articles.
Definite Articles (The)
Masculine
Feminine
Before Vowel
Plural
lelit
/lə li/
the bed
lapomme
/la p m/
ɔ
the apple
l'oiseau
/lwazo/
the bird
lesgants
/le
̃
/
ɡɑ
the gloves
Indefinite Articles (A, An, Some)
Masculine
Feminine
Plural
unlit
/õ li/
a bed
unepomme
/ yn p m/
ɔ
an apple
desgants
/de
̃
/
ɡɑ
some gloves
Demonstrative Adjectives (This, That, These, Those)
Masc.
Masc, Before Vowel
Fem.
Plural
cel it
/sə li/
this/that bed
cetois eau
/s twazo/
ɛ
this/that bird
cettepomme
/s t p m/
ɛ ɔ
this/that apple
cesgants
/se
̃
/
ɡɑ
these/those gloves
If you need to distinguish between this or that and these or those, you
can add -ci to the end of the noun for this and these, and -là to the
end of the noun for that and those. For example, ce lit-ci is
this bed, while ce lit-là is that bed.
5. Useful Words & General Vocabulary[ mp3 - 1.11 MB ][
English to French Flashcards][ French to English
Flashcards]
It's / That'sc'est
/s /
ɛ
There is/areil y a
/il i a/
There is/arevoilà
/vwala/
Here is/are
voici
/vwasi/
and
et
/e/
always
toujours
/tu u /
ʒ ʀ
but
mais
/m /
ɛ
often
souvent
/suv ̃
/
ɑ
now
maintenant
/m ̃
tn ̃
/
ɛ ɑ
sometimes
quelquefois
/k lkəfwa/
ɛ
especially
surtout
/sy tu/
ʀ
usually
d'habitude
/dabityd/
except
sauf
/sof/
also, too
aussi
/osi/
of course
bien sûr
/bj ̃ sy /
ɛ ʀ
again
encore
/ ̃
k /
ɑ ɔʀ
so so
comme
ci, comme ça
/k m si, k m sa/
ɔ
ɔ
late
en retard
/ ̃ əta /
ɑʀ ʀ
not bad
pas mal
/pa mal/
almost
presque
/p sk/
ʀɛ
book
le livre
/lə liv /
ʀ
friend (fem)
une amie
/y nami/
pencil
le crayon
/lə k j ̃
/
ʀɛ ɔ
friend (masc)un ami
/o ̃ nami/
pen
le stylo
/lə stilo/
woman
une femme
/yn fam/
paper
le papier
/lə papje/
man
un homme
/õ n m/
ɔ
dog
le chien
/lə j ̃
/
ʃ ɛ
girl
une fille
/yn fij/
cat
le chat
/lə a/
ʃ
boy
un garçon
/õ ga s ̃
/
ʀ ɔ
money
l'argent (m)
/la
̃
/
ʀʒɑ
job / work
le travail
/lə t avaj/
ʀ
Note: The expression il y a is reduced toy a in everyday speech. When il
y a is followed by a
number, it meansago.Il y a cinq minutes means five minutes ago. Some
common slang
words for money include: le fric, le pèze, le pognon, des sous and for
job/work: le boulot.
6. Subject Pronouns[mp3 - 204 KB ]
Subject Pronouns
je/ ə/
ʒI
nous/nu/ We
tu/ty/ You (informal) vous/vu/ You (formal and plural)
il
elle
on
/il/
/ l/
ɛ
/ ̃
/
ɔ
He
She
One
ils
elles
/il/
/ l/
ɛ
They (masc.)
They (fem.)
Note:Iland elle can also mean it when they replace a noun (il replaces
masculine nouns, and
elle replaces feminine nouns) instead of a person's name.Ils andelles
can replace plural
nouns as well in the same way. Notice there are two ways to say you.Tu
is used when
speaking to children, animals, or close friends and relatives.Vo u s is
used when speaking to
more than one person, or to someone you don't know or who is older.On
can be translated
into English as one, the people, we, they, or you.
Tutoyerand vouvoyer are two verbs that have no direct translation into
English. Tutoyer
means to usetu or be informal with someone, whilevou vo yer means to
usevous or be
formal with someone.
7. To Be and To Have[mp3 - 1.83 MB ] [ Conjugation Exercises ] [ Avoir &
Etre Expressions Exercise]
Present tense of être / t / - to be
ɛʀ
I am
jesuis
/ ə s i/
ʒ ɥ
We are
noussommes /nu s m/
ɔ
You are tues
/ty /
ɛ
You are
vousêtes
/vu z t/
ɛ
He is
She is
One is
ilest
elleest
onest
/il /
ɛ
/l /
ɛ ɛ
/ ̃n /
ɔ ɛ
They are
They are
ilssont
ellessont
/il s ̃
/
ɔ
/ls ̃
/
ɛ ɔ
Past tense of être - to be
I was
j'étais
/ et /
ʒ ɛ
We were
nous
étions
/nu
zetj ̃
/
ɔ
You were
tuétais /tu et /
ɛ
You were
vousétiez/vu
zetje/
He was
She was
One was
ilétait
elle
était
onétait
/il et /
ɛ
/ l et /
ɛ ɛ
/ ̃ net /
ɔ ɛ
They were
They were
ilsétaient
elles
étaient
/il zet /
ɛ
/ l zet /
ɛ
ɛ
Note: Je and any verb form that starts with a vowel (or silent h)
combine together for ease of
pronunciation.
Future Tense of être - to be
I will be jeserai / ə sə e/
ʒ
ʀ
We
will be
nous
serons
/nu sə
̃
/
ʀɔ
You will
be
tuseras /ty sə a/
ʀ
You will
be
vousserez /vu sə e/
ʀ
He will be
She will
be
One will
be
ilsera
ellesera
onsera
/il sə a/
ʀ
/ l sə a/
ɛ ʀ
/ sə a/
ɔ ʀ
They
will be
They will
be
ilsseront
ellesseront
/il sə
̃
/
ʀɔ
/ l sə
̃
/
ɛ
ʀɔ
Present tense of avoir /avwa / - to have
ʀ
I have
j'ai
/ e/
ʒ
We have
nousavons /nu zav ̃
/
ɔ
You have
tuas
/ty /
ɑ
You have
vousavez
/vu zave/
He has
She has
One has
ila
ellea
ona
/il /
ɑ
/l /
ɛ ɑ
/ n/
ɔ ɑ
They have
They have
ilsont
ellesont
/il z ̃
/
ɔ
/lz ̃
/
ɛ ɔ
Past tense of avoir - to have
I had
j'avais / av /
ʒ ɛ
We hadnous
avions
/nu zavj ̃
/
ɔ
You had
tuavais /ty av /
ɛ
You had vousa viez /vu zavje/
He had
She had
One had
ilavait
elle
avait
ona vait
/il av /
ɛ
/ l av /
ɛ ɛ
/ nav /
ɔ
ɛ
They had
ilsavaient
elles
avaient
/il zav /
ɛ
/ l zav /
ɛ
ɛ
Future tense of avoir - to have
I will have
j'aurai
/ o e/
ʒ ʀ
We will havenous
aurons
/nu
zo
̃
/
ʀɔ
You will have tuauras /ty o /
ʀɑYou will have vousaurez/vu
zo e/
ʀ
He will have
She will have
One will have
ilaura
elleaura
onaura
/il o a/
ʀ
/ l o a/
ɛ ʀ
/ no a/
ɔ ʀ
They
will have
They will
have
ilsauront
ellesauront
/il
zo
̃
/
ʀɔ
/ l
ɛ
zo
̃
/
ʀɔ
In spoken French, the tu forms of verbs that begin with a vowel contract
with the pronoun: tu es
=t'es /t /, tu as =
ɛ
t'as /t /, etc.
ɑ
In addition, it is very common to useon (plus 3rd person singular
conjugation) to mean we
instead of nous.
Common Expressions with avoir and être[ mp3 - 1.33 MB ]
Avoirand être are used in many common and idiomatic expressions that
should be
memorized:
avoir chaud
/avwa o/
ʀʃ
to be hot
être de retour/ t də
ɛʀ
ətu /
ʀ ʀ
to be back
avoir froid
/avwa f wa/
ʀ ʀ
to be cold
être en retard/ t
̃
ɛʀ ɑ
əta /
ʀ ʀ
to be late
avoir peur
/avwa po /
ʀ ʀ
to be afraid
être en avance/ t
̃
ɛʀ ɑ
nav ̃
s/
ɑ
to be early
avoir raison
/avwa
z ̃
/
ʀʀɛ ɔto be right
être d'accord
/ t dak /
ɛʀ
ɔʀto be in
agreement
avoir tort
/avwa t /
ʀ ɔʀ
to be wrong
être sur le
point de
/ t sy lə
ɛʀ ʀ
pw ̃ də/
ɛ
to be about to
avoir faim
/avwa f ̃
/
ʀ ɛ
to be hungryêtre en train de/ t
̃
ɛʀ ɑ
t
̃ də/
ʀɛ
to be in the act
of
avoir soif
/avwa swaf/
ʀ
to be thirsty
être enrhumée/ t
ɛʀ
to have a cold
̃ yme/
ɑʀ
avoir sommeil/avwa s m j/
ʀ ɔ ɛto be sleepy
nous + être (un
jour)
/ t õ u /
ɛʀ ʒʀto be (a day)
avoir honte
/avwa
̃
t/
ʀ ʽɔ
to be
ashamed
avoir besoin
de
/avwa bəzw ̃
ʀ
ɛ
də/
to need
avoir l'air de
/avwa
də/
ʀ ɛʀ
to look like,
seem
avoir
l'intention de
/avwaʀ
̃
t ̃
sj ̃
/
ɛɑ ɔ
to intend to
avoir envie de/avwa
̃
vi
ʀ ɑ
də/
to feel like
avoir de la
chance
/avwa də la
ʀ
̃
s/
ʃɑ
to be lucky
oid.I'm cold.
ais raison.You were right.
a sommeil ce soir.He will be tired tonight.
de la chance !She's lucky!
aurons faim plus tard.We will be hungry later.
aviez tort.You were wrong.
t chaud.They are hot.
avaient peur hier.They were afraid yesterday.
Je suis en retard!I'm late!
Tu étais en avance.You were early.
Elle sera d'accord.She will agree.
Nous sommes lundi.It is Monday.
Vous étiez enrhumé.You had a cold.
Ils seront en train d'étudier.They will be (in the act of) studying.
Elles étaient sur le point de partir.They were about to leave.
On est de retour.We/you/they/the people are back.
8. Question Words[ mp3 - 183 KB ] [ Matching Exercise ]
Who
Qui
/ki/
What
Quoi
/kwa/
Why
Pourquoi
/pu kwa/
ʀ
When
Quand
/k ̃
/
ɑ
Where
Où
/u/
How
Comment
/k m ̃
/
ɔ ɑ
How much / many
Combien
/k ̃
bj ̃
/
ɔ ɛ
Which / what
Quel(le)
/k l/
ɛ
9. Numbers / Les numéros[ mp3 - 1.06 MB ][ English to French Flashcards
][ French to
English Flashcards] [ Translaton Exercise]
Zero
Zéro
/ze o/
ʀ
One
Un
/õ /
Two
Deux
/d/
Three
Trois
/t w /
ʀ ɑ
Four
Quatre
/kat /
ʀ
Five
Cinq
/s ̃
k/
ɛ
Six
Six
/sis/
Seven
Sept
/s t/
ɛ
Eight
Huit
/ it/
ʽɥ
Nine
Neuf
/nof/
Ten
Dix
/dis/
Eleven
Onze
/ ̃
z/
ɔ
Twelve
Douze
/duz/
Thirteen
Treize
/t z/
ʀɛ
Fourteen
Quatorze
/kat z/
ɔʀ
Fifteen
Quinze
/k ̃
z/
ɛ
Sixteen
Seize
/s z/
ɛ
Seventeen
Dix-sept
/dis t/
ɛ
Eighteen
Dix-huit
/diz it/
ɥ
Nineteen
Dix-neuf
/diznof/
Twenty
Vingt
/v ̃
/
ɛ
Twenty-one
Vingt et un
/v ̃
t e õ
/
ɛ
Twenty-two
Vingt-deux
/v ̃ d/
ɛ
Twenty-three
Vingt-trois
/v ̃ t w /
ɛʀ ɑ
Thirty
Trente
/t
̃
t/
ʀɑ
Thirty-one
Trente et un
/t
̃
t e õ/
ʀɑ
Thirty-two
Trente-deux
/t
̃
t d/
ʀɑ
Forty
Quarante
/ka
̃
t/
ʀɑ
Fifty
Cinquante
/s ̃
k ̃
t/
ɛ ɑ
Sixty
Soixante
/swas ̃
t/
ɑ
Seventy
Soixante-dix
/swas ̃
tdis/
ɑ
(Belgium & Switzerland)Septante
/s pt ̃
t/
ɛ ɑ
Seventy-one
Soixante et onze
/swas ̃
te
ɑ
̃
z/
ɔ
Seventy-two
Soixante-douze
/swas ̃
t
ɑ
duz/
Eighty
Quatre-vingts
/kat əv ̃
/
ʀ ɛ
(Belgium & Switzerland)Octante
/ kt ̃
t/
ɔ ɑ
Eighty-one
Quatre-vingt-un
/kat əv ̃ tõ/
ʀ ɛ
Eighty-two
Quatre-vingt-deux/kat əv ̃ d/
ʀ ɛ
Ninety
Quatre-vingt-dix
/kat əv ̃
ʀ ɛ
dis/
(Belgium & Switzerland)Nonante
/n n ̃
t/
ɔ ɑ
Ninety-one
Quatre-vingt-onze/kat əv ̃
ʀ ɛ
̃
z/
ɔ
Ninety-two
Quatre-vingt-douze/kat əv ̃
ʀ ɛ
duz/
One Hundred
Cent
/s ̃
/
ɑ
One Hundred OneCent un
/s ̃ õ/
ɑ
Two Hundred
Deux cents
/ds ̃
/
ɑ
Two Hundred OneDeux cent un
/d s ̃ õ/
ɑ
Thousand
Mille
/mil/
Two Thousand
Deux mille
/d mil/
Million
Un million
/õ milj ̃
/
ɔ
Billion
Un milliard
/õ milja /
ʀ
Note:French switches the use of commas and periods. 1,00 would be 1.00
in English.
Belgian and Swiss French use septante, octante and nonante in place of
the standard French
words for 70, 80, and 90 (though some parts of Switzerland use huitante
instead of octante).
Also, when the numbers 5, 6, 8, and 10 are used before a word beginning
with a consonant,
their final consonants are not pronounced. Phone numbers in France are
ten digits, beginning
with 01, 02, 03, 04, or 05 depending on the geographical region, or 06
for cell phones. They
are written two digits at a time, and pronounced thus: 01 36 55 89 28 =
zéro un, trente-six,
cinquante-cinq, quatre-vingt-neuf, vingt-huit.
Ordinal Numbers[ mp3 - 356 KB ]
first
premier / première
second
deuxième / second
third
troisième
fourth
quatrième
fifth
cinquième
sixth
sixième
seventh
septième
eighth
huitième
ninth
neuvième
tenth
dixième
eleventh
onzième
twelfth
douzième
twentiethvingtième
twenty-firstvingt et unième
thirtieth
trentième
Note:The majority of numbers become ordinals by adding -ième. But if a
number ends in an
e, you must drop it before adding the -ième. After a q, you must add a u
before the -ième. And
an f becomes a v before the -ième.
10. Days of the Week / Les jours de la semaine[mp3 - 481 KB ] [English
to French Flashcards] [ French to English Flashcards]
Monday
lundi
/lõ di/
Tuesday
mardi
/ma di/
ʀ
Wednesday
mercredi
/m k ədi/
ɛʀ ʀ
Thursday
jeudi
/ di/
ʒ
Friday
vendredi
/v ̃
d ədi/
ɑ ʀ
Saturday
samedi
/samdi/
Sunday
dimanche
/dim ̃ /
ɑʃ
day
le jour
/lə u /
ʒ ʀ
week
la semaine
/la s(ə)m n/
ɛ
today
aujourd'hui
/o u d i/
ʒ ʀ ɥ
yesterday
hier
/j /
ɛʀ
tomorrow
demain
/dəm ̃
/
ɛ
next
prochain / prochaine/p
̃
/ /p
n/
ʀɔʃɛ ʀɔʃɛ
last
dernier / dernière
/d nje/ /d nj /
ɛʀ
ɛʀ ɛʀ
day before yesterday
avant-hier
/av ̃
tj /
ɑ ɛʀ
day after tomorrow
après-demain
/ap dm ̃
/
ʀɛ
ɛ
the following day
le lendemain
/lə l ̃
dəm ̃
/
ɑ
ɛ
the day before
la veille
/la v j/
ɛ
Note:Articles are not used before days, except to express something that
happens habitually
on a certain day, such asle lundi = on Mondays. Days of the week are all
masculine in gender
and they are not capitalized in writing.
11. Months of the Year / Les mois de l'année[mp3 - 383 KB ] [English to
French Flashcards] [ French to English Flashcards ] + Seasons & Directions
January
janvier
/
̃
vje/
ʒɑ
February
février
/fev ije/
ʀ
March
mars
/ma s/
ʀ
April
avril
/av il/
ʀ
May
mai
/m /
ɛ
June
juin
/
̃
/
ʒɥɛ
July
juillet
/ ij /
ʒɥ ɛ
August
août
/u(t)/
September
septembre
/s pt ̃
b /
ɛ ɑʀ
October
octobre
/ kt b /
ɔ ɔʀ
November
novembre
/n v ̃
b /
ɔ ɑʀ
December
décembre
/des ̃
b /
ɑ ʀ
month
le mois
/lə mwa/
year
l'an / l'année/l ̃
/ /lane/
ɑ
decade
la décennie/deseni/
century
le siècle
/lə sj kl/
ɛ
millennium
le millénaire/milen /
ɛʀ
Note:To express in a certain month, such as in May, useen before the
month as in "en mai."
With dates, the ordinal numbers are not used, except for the first of
the month:le premier
maibut le deux juin. Also note that months are all masculine and not
capitalized in French
(same as days of the week).
12. Seasons / Les saisons[mp3 - 157 KB ]
Summerl'été
/lete/
in the summeren été
/ ̃
ɑ
nete/
Fall
l'automne
/lot n/
ɔ
in the fall
en automne/ ̃
ɑ
not n/
ɔ
Winterl'hiver
/liv /
ɛʀ
in the winteren hiver
/ ̃
ɑ
niv /
ɛʀ
Springle printemps
/lə
p
̃
t
ʀɛ
̃
/
ɑ
in the springau printemps/o
pr ̃
t ̃
/
ɛ ɑ
13. Directions / Les directions[mp3 - 254 KB ]
on the left
à gauche/a o/
ɡ ʃ
on the rightà droite /a d w t/
ʀ ɑ
straight
ahead
tout droit/tu d w /
ʀ ɑ
North
le nord/lə n /
ɔʀ
Northeastle nord-est
/lə n (d) st/
ɔʀ ɛ
South
le sud
/lə syd/
Northwestle nord-ouest
/lə n (d)w st/
ɔʀ
ɛ
East
l'est
/l st/
ɛ
Southeastle sud-est
/syd st/
ɛ
West
l'ouest
/lw st/
ɛ
Southwestle sud-ouest
/sydw st/
ɛ
14. Colors & Shapes / Les couleurs et les formes[ mp3 - 814
KB][ Translation Exercise]
Red
rouge
/ u /
ʀ ʒ
square
le carré
/ka e/
ʀ
Orangeorange
/
̃ /
ɔʀɑʒ
circle
le cercle
/s kl/
ɛʀ
Yellowjaune
/ on/
ʒ
triangle
le triangle
/t ij ̃
gl/
ʀ ɑ
Greenvert / verte
/v / /v t/
ɛʀ ɛʀ
rectangle
le rectangle/ kt ̃
gl/
ʀɛ ɑ
Blue
bleu / bleue
/bl/
oval
l'ovale
/ val/
ɔ
Purpleviolet / violette/vj l / /vj l t/
ɔɛ ɔɛ
cube
le cube
/kyb/
White
blanc / blanche/bl ̃
/ /bl ̃/
ɑ
ɑʃ
sphere
la sphère
/sf /
ɛʀ
Brownbrun / brune
marron
/b õ/ /b yn/
ʀ
ʀ
/ma
̃
/
ʀɔ
cylinder
le cylindre
/sil ̃
d /
ɛ ʀ
Black
noir / noire
/nwa /
ʀ
cone
le cône
/kon/
Pink
rose
/ oz/
ʀ
octagon
l'octogone
/ ktog n/
ɔ
ɔ
Gold
doré / dorée
/d e/
ɔʀ
box
la boîte
/bwat/
Silver
argenté /
argentée
/a
̃
te/
ʀʒɑ
light
clair / claire/kl /
ɛʀ
Gray
gris / grise
/ i/ / iz/
ɡʀ ɡʀ
dark
foncé /
foncée
/f ̃
se/
ɔ
Note: Some adjectives of color do not change to agree with
gender or number, such as adjectives that also exist as nouns:
orange, marron, rose; and compound adjectives: bleu clair, noir
foncé remain masculine even if they describe a feminine noun.
Remember to place the color adjective after the noun.
15. Weather / Le temps qu'il fait [ mp3 - 757 KB ] [Matching
Exercise]
What's the weather like?Quel temps fait-il ?
/k l t ̃ f til/
ɛ ɑɛ
It's nice
Il fait bon
/il f b ̃
/
ɛ ɔ
bad
Il fait mauvais
/il f m ve/
ɛ ɔ
cool
Il fait frais
/il f f /
ɛ ʀɛ
cold
Il fait froid
/il f f w /
ɛʀ ɑ
warm, hot
Il fait chaud
/il f o/
ɛʃ
cloudy
Il fait nuageux
/il f nya /
ɛ
ʒ
beautiful
Il fait beau
/il f bo/
ɛ
mild
Il fait doux
/il f du/
ɛ
stormy
Il fait orageux
/il f
a /
ɛ ɔʀ ʒ
sunny
Il fait soleil
/il f s l j/
ɛ ɔɛ
humid
Il fait humide
/il f ymid/
ɛ
muggy
Il fait lourd
/il f lu /
ɛ ʀ
windy
Il fait du vent
/il f dy v ̃
/
ɛ
ɑ
foggy
Il fait du brouillard
/il f dy b uja /
ɛ
ʀ ʀ
snowing
Il neige
/il n /
ɛʒ
raining
Il pleut
/il pl/
freezing
Il gèle
/il l/
ʒɛ
hailing
Il grêle
/il g l/
ʀɛ
It is____ degrees.
Il fait____ degrés.
/il f __ dəg e/
ɛ
ʀ
Note:Il pleut des cordes /il plø de ko d/ is a common expression meaning
ʀ
it's pouring. Il
caille /il kaj/ or ça caille /sa kaj/ is slang for it's freezing. And
remember that France uses
Celcius degrees.
16. Time / Le temps qui passe [ mp3 - 529 KB ] [ Matching Exercise ]
What time is it?
Quelle heure est-il ?
/kl o til/
ɛ ʀɛ
It is...
Il est...
/il /
ɛ
one o'clock
une heure
/yn o /
ʀ
two o'clock
deux heures
/d zo /
ʀ
noon
midi
/midi/
midnight
minuit
/min i/
ɥ
a quarter after threetrois heures et quart
/t w zo e ka /
ʀɑ ʀ
ʀ
one o'clock sharp
une heure précise
/yn o p esiz/
ʀ ʀ
four o'clock sharp
quatre heures précises
/kat o p esiz/
ʀʀ ʀ
twelve thirty
midi (minuit) et demi
/midi (min i) e dəmi/
ɥ
six thirty
six heures et demie
/si zo e dəmi/
ʀ
a quarter to sevensept heures moins le quart /s t o mw ̃ lə ka /
ɛ ʀ
ɛ
ʀ
five twenty
cinq heures vingt
/s ̃
ko v ̃
/
ɛ ʀ ɛ
ten fifty
onze heures moins dix
/ ̃
z o mw ̃ dis/
ɔ ʀ
ɛ
in the morning/AMdu matin
/dy mat ̃
/
ɛ
in the afternoon/PMde l'après-midi
/də lap midi/
ʀɛ
in the evening/PM
du soir
/dy swa /
ʀ
Note:Official French time is expressed as military time (24 hour clock.)
You can only use
regular numbers, and not demi, quart, etc. when reporting time with the
24 hour system. For
example, if it is 18h30, you must say dix-huit heures trente. The
wordpile /pil/ is also a more
informal way of sayingprécise (exactly, sharp).
17. Family and Animals / La famille et les animaux[mp3 - 2.01 MB ] [
English to French Flashcards] [ French to English Flashcards] [ Translation
Exercise]
Family
la famille
/famij/
Girl
la fille
/fij/
Relatives
des parents/pa
̃
/
ʀɑBoy
le garçon
/ga s ̃
/
ʀ ɔ
Parents
les parents/pa
̃
/
ʀɑNiece
la nièce
/nj s/
ɛ
Grandparents
les grands-
parents
/g
̃
p
ʀɑ
a
̃
/
ʀɑ
Nephew
le neveu
/n(ə)v/
Mom
la mère /
maman
/m /
ɛʀ
/m m ̃
/
ɑ ɑGrandchildrenles petits-
enfants
/p(ə)tiz ̃
f
ɑ
̃
/
ɑ
Stepmother/Mother-in-
Law
la belle-
mère
/b lm /
ɛ ɛʀ
Granddaughterla petite-fille /p(ə)tit fij/
Dad
le père /
papa
/p /
ɛʀ
/papa/
Grandson
le petit-fils
/p(ə)tifis/
Stepfather/Father-in-Lawle beau-
père
/bop /
ɛʀ
Distant
Relatives
des parents
éloignés
/pa
̃
ʀɑ
elwa e/
ɲ
Daughter
la fille
/fij/
Single
célibataire
/selibat /
ɛʀ
Son
le fils
/fis/
Married
marié(e)
/ma je/
ʀ
Sister
la sœur
/so /
ʀ
Separated
séparé(e)
/sepa e/
ʀ
Half/Step Sister
la demi-
sœur
/dəmi so /
ʀDivorced
divorcé(e)
/div se/
ɔʀ
Sister-in-Law
la belle-
sœur
/b lso /
ɛ ʀ
Widower /
Widow
veuf / veuve/vof/ /vov/
Stepdaughter/Daughter-
in-Law
la belle-fille/b l fij/
ɛ
Brother
le frère
/f /
ʀɛʀ
Dog
le chien / la
chienne
/j ̃
/ / j n/
ʃ ɛ ʃɛ
Half/Step Brother
le demi-
frère
/dəmi
f /
ʀɛʀ
Cat
le chat / la
chatte
/ a/ / at/
ʃ ʃ
Brother-in-Law
le beau-
frère
/bo f /
ʀɛʀPuppy
le chiot
/ jo/
ʃ
Stepson/Son-in-Law
le beau-fils/bo fis/
Kitten
le chaton
/at ̃
/
ʃ ɔ
Twins (m)
les
jumeaux
/ ymo/
ʒ
Pig
le cochon
/k
̃
/
ɔʃɔ
Twins (f)
les
jumelles
/ ym l/
ʒ ɛ
Rooster
le coq
/k k/
ɔ
Uncle
l'oncle
/ ̃
kl/
ɔ
Rabbit
le lapin
/lap ̃
/
ɛ
Aunt
la tante
/t ̃
t/
ɑ
Cow
la vache
/va /
ʃ
Grandmother
la grand-
mère
/g
̃
m
ʀɑ ɛ
/
ʀ
Horse
le cheval
/ (ə)val/
ʃ
Grandfather
le grand-
père
/g
̃
p
ʀɑ ɛʀ
/
Duck
le canard
/kana /
ʀ
Cousin (f)
la cousine/kuzin/
Goat
la chèvre
/ v/
ʃɛ ʀ
Cousin (m)
le cousin
/kuz ̃
/
ɛ
Goose
l'oie
/wa/
Wife
la femme
/fam/
Sheep
le mouton
/mut ̃
/
ɔ
Husband
le mari
/ma i/
ʀ
Lamb
l'agneau
/a o/
ɲ
Woman
la femme
/fam/
Donkey
l'âne
/ n/
ɑ
Man
l'homme
/ m/
ɔ
Mouse
la souris
/su i/
ʀ
Note: Le gendre /
̃
d / is another word for son-in-law.
ʒɑ ʀ
Slang words for people and pets:
The entire
family
toute la smala
/tut la smala/ Sisterla frangine
/f
̃ in/
ʀɑʒ
Grandma
mémé / mamie
/meme/
/mami/
Brotherle frangin
/f
̃ ̃
/
ʀɑʒɛ
Grandpa
pépé / papi
/pepe/ /papi/ Son
le fiston
/fist ̃
/
ɔ
Children
des gosses
/g s/
ɔ
Aunt
tata / tatie
/tata/ /tati/
Kid
un gamin / une
gamine
/gam ̃
/
ɛ
/gamin/
Uncletonton
/t ̃
t ̃
/
ɔ ɔ
Woman
une nana
/nana/
Dog
le cabot /
clébard
/kabo/
/kleba /
ʀ
Man
un mec / type / gars/m k/ /tip/
ɛ
/ga /
ʀ
Cat
le minou
/minu/
18. To Know People and Places[mp3 - 843 KB ] [ Conjugation Exercise ]
connaître-to know people(koh-net-t ruh)
savoir-to know facts(sahv-wahr)
connaiskoh-neh connaissonskoh-nezz-ohn saissay savonssah-vohn
connaiskoh-neh connaissez
koh-nezz-aysais saysavez
sav-ay
connaîtkoh-neh connaissentkoh-ness
saitsay savent
sahv
Note: Connaître is used when you know (are familiar with) people,
places, food, movies,
books, etc. andsavoir is used when you know facts. Whensavoir is
followed by an infinitive it
means to know how.
There is another form of savoir commonly used in the expressions que je
sache that I know
(of)and pas que je sache not that I know (of).
Je connais ton frère.I know your brother.
Je sais que ton frère s'appelle Jean.I know that your brother is named John.
Connaissez-vous Grenoble ?Do you know (Are you familiar with) Grenoble?
/ Have you
ever been to Grenoble?
Oui, nous connaissons Grenoble.Yes, we know (are familiar with)
Grenoble. / Yes, we've
been to Grenoble.
Tu sais où Grenoble se trouve.You know where Grenoble is located.
Ils savent nager.They know how to swim.
Connaître can be translated several ways into English:
Tu connais le film, Les Enfants ? Have you seen the film, Les Enfants?
Tu connais Lyon ? Have you ever been to Lyon?
Tu connais la tartiflette ? Have you ever eaten tartiflette?
19. Formation of Plural Nouns[ mp3 - 637 KB ]
To make a noun plural, you usually add an -s (which is not
pronounced).
But there are some exceptions:
Sing.
Plural
If a noun already ends in an -s, add nothing.
bus(es)
le bus
les bus
If a noun ends in -eu or -eau, add an x.
boat(s)
le bateau
les bateaux
If amasculine noun ends in -al or -ail, change it to
-aux.
horse(s)
le cheval
les chevaux
Some nouns ending in -ou add an -x instead of -s.
knee(s)
le genou
les genoux
Exceptions: festival, carnaval, bal, pneu, bleu, landau, détail,
chandail all add -s. There are only seven nouns ending in -ou that
add -x instead of -s: bijou, caillou, chou, genou, pou, joujou,
hibou. There are, of course, some irregular exceptions: un œil
(eye) - des yeux (eyes); le ciel (sky) - les cieux (skies); andun
jeune homme (a young man) - des jeunes gens (young men).
20. Possessive Adjectives[mp3 - 654 KB ][Translation Exercise ]
Masc.
Fem. Plural
My
mon(mohn)
ma(mah) mes(may)
Your
ton
Ta
Tes
His/Her/Itsson
Sa
Ses
Our
notre(noh-truh) notre
nos(noh)
Your
votre
votre
Vos
Their
leur(luhr)
leur
leurs(luhr)
Note:Possessive pronouns go before the noun. When a feminine noun begins
with a vowel,
you must use the masculine form of the pronoun for ease of
pronunciation.Ma amie is
incorrect and must be mon amie, even thougha mie is feminine. Remember
that adjectives
agree with the noun in gender and number, not the possessor! Sa mère can
mean his mother
or her mother even thoughsa is the feminine form, because it agrees with
mère and not the
possessor (his or her).
C'est ma mère et mon père.This is my mother and my father.
Ce sont vos petits-enfants ?These are your grandchildren?
Mes parents sont divorcés. My parents are divorced.
Sa grand-mère est veuve.His grandmother is a widow.
Notre frère est marié, mais notre sœur est célibataire.Our brother is
married, but our sister
is single.
Ton oncle est architecte, n'est-ce pas ?Your uncle is an architect,
isn't he?
Leurs cousines sont néerlandaises.Their cousins are Dutch
21. To Do or Make[mp3 - 1.27 MB ]
Faire - to do, make(fair)
Present tense
Past tense (imperfect)
Future tense
faisfay faisonsfuzz-
ohn
faisaisfuzz-
ay
faisions
fuzz-
ee-
ohn
feraifuh-
reh
feronsfuh-
rohn
faisfay faites
fett
faisaisfuzz-
ay
faisiez
fuzz-
ee-ayferasfuh-
rah
ferez
fuh-ray
faitfay font
fohntfaisaitfuzz-
ay
faisaientfuzz-
ay
fera
fuh-
rah
ferontfuh-
rohn
Another past tense (passé composé) uses the present tense forms ofavoir
plus the past
participle of faire:fait. J'ai fait translates as I did/made whereas je
faisais translates as I was
doing/making, I used to do/make (continuous action in the past).
Faire is used in expressions of weather (il fait beau) and many other
idiomatic expressions:
faire de (a sport) - to play (a sport)
faire le sourd / l'innocent - to act deaf / innocent
faire le (subject in school) - to do / study (subject)
faire le ménage - to do the housework
faire la cuisine - to do the cooking
faire la lessive - to do laundry
faire la vaisselle - to do the dishes
faire une promenade - to take a walk
faire un voyage - to take a trip
faire les courses - to go (grocery) shopping
faire des achats - to go shopping
faire de l'exercice - to exercise
faire attention - to pay attention
faire la queue - to stand in line
22. Work and School[ mp3 - 1.75 MB]
Masculine
Feminine
actor / actress
l'acteur
lahk-tur
l'actrice
lahk-trees
singer
le chanteur
shahn-tur
la chanteuse
shahn-tuz
architect
l'architecte
lar-shee-tekt
l'architecte
lar-shee-tekt
accountant
le comptable
kohn-tahbl
la comptable
kohn-tahbl
judge
le juge
zhoozh
la juge
zhoozh
business person
l'homme
d'affaires
lohn dah-fehr
la femme
d'affaires
fahn dah-fehr
baker
le boulanger
boo-lawn-zhay
la boulangère
boo-lawn-zhehr
hair dresser
le coiffeur
kwah-fur
la coiffeuse
kwah-fuz
computer
programmer
le programmeurproh-grah-mur
la programmeuseproh-grah-muz
secretary
le secrétaire
suk-ray-tehr
la secrétaire
suk-ray-tehr
electrician
l'électricien
ay-lehk-tree-see-
ahn
l'électricienne
ay-lehk-tree-see-
enn
mechanic
le mécanicien
may-kah-nee-
syahn
la mécaniciennemay-kah-nee-
syenn
cook
le cuisinier
kwee-zee-nyayla cuisinière
kwee-zee-nyehr
salesperson
le vendeur
vawn-dur
la vendeuse
vawn-duz
fire fighter
le pompier
pohn-pyay
la pompier
pohn-pyay
plumber
le plombier
plohn-byay
la plombier
plohn-byay
librarian
le bibliothécairebee-blee-oh-teh-
kehr
la bibliothécaire
bee-blee-oh-teh-
kehr
police officer
l'agent de policelah-zhawnd poh-
leess
l'agent de policelah-zhawnd poh-
leess
reporter
le journaliste
zhoor-nah-leestla journaliste
zhoor-nah-leest
factory worker
l'ouvrier
loov-ree-ay
l'ouvrière
loov-ree-ehr
banker
le banquier
bahn-kee-ay
la banquière
bahn-kee-ehr
lawyer
l'avocat
lah-voh-kah
l'avocate
lah-voh-kaht
postal worker
le facteur
fahk-tur
la factrice
fahk-trees
carpenter
le charpentier
shar-pawn-tyayla charpentier
shar-pawn-tyay
engineer
l'ingénieur
lahn-zhay-nyur
l'ingénieure
lahn-zhay-nyur
doctor
le médecin
mayd-sawn
la médecin
mayd-sawn
nurse
l'infirmier
lahn-feer-myay
l'infirmière
lahn-feer-myehr
pharmacist
le pharmacien
fahr-mah-see-
ahn
la pharmaciennefahr-mah-see-
enn
psychologist
le psychologue
psee-koh-lohg
la psychologue
psee-koh-lohg
dentist
le dentiste
dawn-teest
la dentiste
dawn-teest
veterinarian
le vétérinaire
vay-tay-ree-nehrla vétérinaire
vay-tay-ree-nehr
taxi driver
le chauffeur de
taxi
shoh-furd tahk-
see
la chauffeur de
taxi
shoh-furd tahk-
see
writer
l'écrivain
lay-kree-vahn
l'écrivaine
lay-kree-venn
teacher
l'instituteur
lahn-stee-tew-turl'institutrice
lahn-stee-tew-
trees
professor
le professeur
proh-fuh-sur
la professeur
proh-fuh-sur
student
l'étudiant
lay-tew-dee-awnl'étudiante
lay-tew-dee-awnt
intern
le stagiaire
stah-zhee-air
la stagiaire
stah-zhee-air
retired
le retraité
ruh-treh-teh
la retraitée
ruh-treh-teh
Note:Notice that some professions are always masculine, even if the
person is a woman.
There are also words that are always feminine (such as la victime) even
if the person is a
man.
School Subjects[ mp3 - 1.67 MB ]
Math
les
mathématiques
maht-ee-
mah-teek
Geography
la géographie
zhay-oh-
grahf-ee
Algebra
l'algèbre
lal-zheb
Physics
la physique
fees-eek
Calculus
le calcul
kahl-kewl
Biology
la biologie
bee-ol-oh-
zhee
Geometry
la géométrie
zhay-oh-
may-tree
Chemistry
la chimie
shee-mee
Business
le commerce
koh-mairs
Zoology
la zoologie
zoh-ol-oh-
zhee
Accounting
la comptabilité
kohn-tah-
bee-lee-tehBotany
la botanique
boh-tah-
neek
Economics
les sciences
économiques
see-awns
ay-koh-noh-
meek
Art
les arts-
plastiques
zahr-plah-
steek
Foreign
Languages
les langues
vivantes
lawn vee-
vahnt
Music
la musique
mew-zeek
Linguistics
la linguistique
lahn-gwee-
steek
Dance
la danse
dahns
Literature
la littérature
lee-tay-rah-
tur
Drawing
le dessin
duh-sahn
Philosophy
la philosophie
fee-loh-soh-
fee
Painting
la peinture
pahn-tur
Psychology
la psychologie
p-see-kol-
oh-zhee
Computer
Science
l'informatique
lahn-for-
mah-teek
Political
Science
les sciences
politiques
see-awns
poh-lee-
teek
Technology
la technologie
teck-no-loh-
zhee
History
l'histoire(f)
lees-twahrPhysical
Education
l'éducation
physique(f)
lay-dew-kah-
see-ohn fee-
zeek
Notice that you do not use an indefinite article before professions,
unless they are preceded by
an adjective.
Qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie ?What do you do for a living?
Je suis avocate.I am a lawyer. (fem.)
Je suis professeur.I am a professor.
Je suis étudiant.I am a student (masc.)
Où est-ce que vous faites vos études ?Where do you study?
Je vais à l'université de Michigan.I go to the university of Michigan.
Je fais mes études à l'université de Toronto.I study at the University
of Toronto.
Qu'est-ce que vous étudiez ? What do you study?
Quelles matières étudiez-vous ?What subjects do you study?
J'étudie les langues étrangères et la linguistique.I study foreign
languages and linguistics.
Je fais des mathématiques.I study/do math.
Ma spécialisation est la biologie.My major is biology.
Slang words/abbreviations for school:
dictionary
un dico
dee-koh
student
un potache
poh-tash
paper / essay
une dissertedee-sehrt
book
un bouquin
boo-
kahn
college / facultyla fac
fahk
to work
bosser
baw-say
quiz
une interro
ahn-teh-roh
to understandpiger
pee-zhay
to have
detention
être collé(e)
avoir une
colle
eh-truh kawl-leh
ah-vwahr ewn
kawl
to skip (a
class)
sécher (un
cours)
seh-shay
23. Prepositions and Contractions[mp3 - 1.50 MB ]
at / to / in
à
ah
during
pendant
pawn-dawn
from / of /
about
de
duh
since / for
depuis
duh-pwee
at the house
of
chez
sheh
among
parmi
par-mee
in
dans / en
dawn /
awn
between
entre
awn-truh
for
pour
poohr
around
autour de
oh-toor duh
by / throughPar
pahr
against
contre
kohn-truh
in front of
devant
duh-vawntoward
vers / envers
vair / awn-vair
behind
derrière
dair-ee-
air
through /
across
à travers
ah trah-vair
before
Avant
ah-vawnwith
avec
ah-veck
after
Après
ah-prehwithout
sans
Sawn
up
en haut
awn oh
inside
dedans /
l'intérieur
duh-dawn / ah
lahn-tay-ree-uhr
down
en bas
awn bahoutside
dehors /
l'extérieur
duh-ohr / ah lek-
stay-ree-uhr
on
sur
sewr
outside of
hors de / en
dehors de
ohr duh / awn duh-
ohr duh
over / above au-dessus deoh-duh-
sew
because of
à cause de
ah kohz duh
under /
below
sous / au-
dessous de
oh-duh-
soo
according to
selon / d'aprèssuh-lohn / dah-preh
across fromen face de
awn fahs
duh
approximatelyenviron
awn-vee-rohn
near
près de
preh duhin spite of
malgré
mahl-greh
far from
loin de
lwahn
duh
as for
quant à
kawn tah
You can also usedessus anddess ous as adverbs to mean over it / on top
of it and beneath it
/ underneath it, respectively. They are not followed by nouns or
pronouns, unlike prepositions.
Prepositional Contractions
à + le =au
ohat / to / in the
à + les =auxoh at / to / in the (pl.)
de + le =du
dewof / from / about the
de + les =desday of / from / about the (pl.)
In: Dans vs. En
Dans is used to show the time when an action will begin, while en shows
the length of time an
action takes.
Je pars dans quinze minutes.I'm leaving in 15 minutes.
Il peut lire ce livre en une demi-heure.He can read this book in a half
hour.
With: Avec vs. De vs. A vs. Chez
Avec implies doing something or going along with someone; de is used in
phrases of manner
and in many idiomatic expressions;à is used when referring to someone's
attributes; andche z
is used to mean "as far as (person) is concerned." To describe the way a
person carries
him/herself, no extra word is used.
Je vais en France avec ma sœur.I'm going to France with my sister.
Elle me remercie d'un sourire.She thanks me with a smile.
L'homme aux cheveux roux est très grand.The man with the red hair is
very tall.
Chez cet enfant, tout est simple.With this child, everything is simple.
Il marche, les mains dans les poches.He walks with his hands in his pockets.
24. Countries and Nationalities / Les pays et les nationalités
Africa
l'Afrique (f)
Finland
la Finlande
Norway
la Norvège
African
africain/e
Finnish
finnois/e
Norwegiannorvégien/ne
Albania
l'Albanie
France
la France
Macedoniala Macédoine
Albanian
albanais/e
French
français/e
Macedonianmacédonien/ne
Algeria
l'Algérie
Germany
l'Allemagne (f)
Poland
la Pologne
Algerian
algérien/ne
German
allemand/e
Polish
polonais/e
America
l'Amérique (f)Great Britainla Grande-
Bretagne
Portugal
le Portugal
Americanaméricain/e
British
brittanique
Portugueseportugais/e
Argentinal'Argentine (f) Greece
la Grèce
Quebec
le Québéc
Argentineargentin/e
Greek
grec / grecque
Quebeckerquébécois/e
Asia
l'Asie (f)
Hungary
la Hongrie
Romania
la Roumanie
Asian
asiatique
Hungarian
hongrois/e
Romanianroumain/e
Australia
l'Australie (f)
Iceland
l'Islande
Russia
la Russie
Australianaustralien/ne
Icelandic
islandais/e
Russian
russe
Austria
l'Autriche (f)
India
l'Inde
Scotland
l'Ecosse
Austrian
autrichien/ne
Indian
indien/ne
Scottish
écossais/e
Belgium
la Belgique
Indonesia
l'Indonsie (f)
Senegal
le Sénégal
Belgian
belge
Indonesian
indonsien/ne
Senegalesesénégalais/e
Bosnia
la Bosnie
Ireland
l'Irlande (f)
Serbia
la Serbie
Bosnian
bosniaque
Irishman
irlandais/e
Serbian
serbe
Brazil
le Brésil
Israel
l'Israël
Slovakia
la Slovaquie
Brazilian
brésilien/ne
Israeli
israëlien/ne
Slovak
slovaque
Bulgaria
la Bulgarie
Hebrew (lang.)hébreu
Slovenia
la Slovénie
Bulgarianbulgare
Italy
l'Italie (f)
Slovene
slovène
Cambodiale Cambodge Italian
italien/ne
Spain
l'Espagne (f)
Cambodiancambodgien/ne Japan
le Japon
Spanish
espagnol/e
Canada
le Canada
Japanese
japonais/e
Sweden
la Suède
Canadiancanadien/ne
Korea
la Corée
Swedish
suédois/e
China
la Chine
Korean
coréen/ne
Switzerlandla Suisse
Chinese
chinois/e
Latvia
la Lettonie
Swiss
suisse
Croatia
la Croatie
Latvian
letton/ne
Taiwan
le Taïwan
Croatian
croate
Lithuania
la Lituanie
Taiwanesetaïwanais/e
Czech
Republic
la République
Tchèque
Lithuanian
lituanien/ne
Tunisia
la Tunisie
Czech
tchèque
Luxembourgle Luxembourg
Tunisian
tunisien/ne
Denmark
le Danemark
Luxembourgerluxembourgeois/e Turkey
la Turquie
Danish
danois/e
Malta
Malte
Turk
turc / turcque
Egypt
l'Egypte (f)
Maltese
maltais/e
Ukraine
l'Ukraine
Egyptian
égyptien/e
Morocco
le Maroc
Ukrainian
ukrainien/ne
England
l'Angleterre (f)Moroccan
marocain/e
United
Kingdom
la Royaume-
Uni
English
anglais/e
Netherlandsles Pays-Bas
United
States
les Etats-Unis
Estonia
l'Estonie
Dutch
néerlandais/e
Vietnam
le Vietnam
Estonian
estonien/ne
Dutch
(person)
hollandais/e
Vietnamesevietnamien/ne
Europe
l'Europe (f)
New Zealandla Nouvelle-
Zélande
Wales
le Pays-de-
Galles
Europeaneuropéen/ne
New
Zealander
néo-zélandais/e
Welsh
gallois/e
Note: The masculine forms of the nationalities are also used for the
language. Adjectives of
nationalities and languages are not capitalized in written French. The
definite article is not used
before a language when it follows the verb parler (to speak): Je parle
anglais. Notice that
French also usesho llandais when referring to Dutch people and sometimes
the Dutch
language, but this is not exactly correct (just as it is not correct to
use Holland when referring to
the Netherlands in English).
25. Negative Sentences[mp3 - 479 KB ]
To make sentences negative, simply putne andpas around the verb. In
spoken French,
however, thene is frequently omitted, but it cannot be omitted in
written French. And when
you are replying "yes" to a negative question, you usesi and not oui.
Je suis du Canada. I am from Canada.
Jene suispas du Mexique. I am not from Mexico.
Je suis française. I am French (feminine.)
Jene suispas suisse. I am not Swiss. (masculine or feminine)
Il est australien. He is Australian.
Ellen'estpas danoise. She is not Danish.
Elles sont des Etats-Unis. They are from the United States.
Ilsne sontpas du Portugal. They are not from Portugal.
Je parle chinois et japonais. I speak Chinese and Japanese.
Jene parlepas suédois. I don't speak Swedish.
Vousn'êtespas du Brésil ? You aren't from Brazil?
Si, nous sommes du Brésil. Yes, we are from Brazil.
26. To / In and From places, cities, and countries[ mp3 - 407 KB ]
Places
Cities
Countries
Masc.au du
à
de
au du
Fem.à la de la
à
de
en de
Vowelà l' de l'
à
d'
en d'
Pluralaux des
aux des
aux des
If the name of a country ends in-e, the gender is feminine. If it ends
in anything else, it is
masculine. All continents are feminine. The country exceptions are le
Cambodge, le Mexique,
le Zaïre, le Zimbabwe, and le Mozambique. Some cities have an article as
well, such as La
Nouvelle-Orléans (New Orleans).
Je vais à la boulangerie. I'm going to the bakery.
Il vient de Londres. He comes from London.
On va en France demain. We're going to France tomorrow.
Tu viens du Mexique ? You come from Mexico?
Prepositions with Regions, Provinces & States
To / In
From
Feminine
en
de
Islands
à
de / d'
Masc. w/ Vowel
en / dans l'
d' / de l'
Masc. w/ Consonant
au / dans le
du
In general, if a region, province or state ends in-e, it is feminine.
Californie, Caroline du Nord /
Sud, Floride, Géorgie, Louisiane, Pennsylvanie, and Virginie are the
feminine American states;
while Maine is masculine. For French régions or départements that begin
with Haut(e), the h is
an aspirate h, and therefore, there is no elision with preceding words,
i.e. de Haut-Rhin, la
Haute-Normandie, etc.
Elles habitent en Californie. They live in California.
Il est de Haute-Savoie. He is from Haute-Savoie.
Ce fromage vient du Nord. This cheese comes from Nord.
Je veux voyager dans le Texas. I want to travel in Texas.
27. To Come and to Go[mp3 - 1.16 MB ]
Venir-to come(vuh-neer)
Aller-to go(ah-l ay)
viensvee-ahn venonsvuh-nohn vaisvay allonsah-lohn
viensvee-ahn venez
vuh-nayvas vahallez
ah-lay
vientvee-ahn viennentvee-enn va
vahvont
Vohn
Other verbs that are conjugated like venir:tenir - to hold,devenir - to
become,obtenir - to
get,re venir - to come back.
Je viens des Etats-Unis. I come from the United States.
Il tient un crayon.He's holding a pencil.
Nous allons en Espagne.We're going to Spain.
Tu ne vas pas au Brésil cet été.You're not going to Brazil this summer.
Aller + an infinitive means "going to do something."
Ils vont aller en Angleterre. They are going to go to England.
Elle va parler russe.She's going to speak Russian.
Je vais devenir professeur.I'm going to become a professor.
Aller is also used idiomatically when talking about health.
Comment vas-tu ?How are you?
Je vais bien.I'm fine.
Venir de + an infinitive means "to have just done something."
Il vient d'aller en Finlande.He just went to Finland.
Vous venez de manger une pomme.You just ate an apple.
28. Conjugating Regular Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense[ mp3 -
1.54 MB]
Verbs in French end in -er, -re, or -ir. The verb before it is
conjugated is called the infinitive.
Removing the last two letters leaves you with the stem (aimer is the
infinitive,aim- is the
stem.) The present indicative tense indicates an ongoing action, general
state, or habitual
activity. Besides the simple present tense (I write, I run, I see);
there are two other forms of the
present tense in English: the progressive (I am writing, I am running,
etc.) and the emphatic (I
do write, I do run, etc.) However, these three English present tenses
are all translated by the
present indicative tense in French.
To conjugate verbs in the present tense, use the stem and add the
following endings.
-er
-re
1st -ir
2nd -ir*
-e
-ons
-s -ons
-is -issons
-s -ons
-es -ez
-s -ez
-is -issez
-s -ez
-e
-ent
-
-ent
-it -issent
-t -ent
Sample Regular Verbs in the Present tense
aimer - to like, love
vendre - to sell
j'aimezhem
aimons
em-ohn
vendsvawn vendonsvawn-dohn
aimesem
aimez
em-ay
vendsvawn vendezvawn-day
aimeem
aiment
em
vendvawn vendentvawnd
finir - to finish
partir - to leave
finis
fee-neefinissons fee-nee-sohnpars pahrpartons pahr-tohn
finis
fee-neefinissez fee-nee-say
parspahr partez
pahr-tay
finit
fee-neefinissent fee-neess
part
pahrpartent pahrt
Regular verbs
-er
-re
aimer
em-ay
to like, love
vendre
vawn-druh
to sell
chanter
shahn-tay
to sing
attendre
ah-tawn-druh
to wait for
chercher
share-shay
to look for
entendre
awn-tawn-druh
to hear
commencerkoh-mawn-sayto begin
perdre
pair-druh
to lose
donner
dohn-nay
to give
répondre (à)ray-pohn-druh (ah)to answer
étudier
ay-too-dee-ayto study
descendredeh-sawn-druh
to go down
fermer
fehr-may
to close
1st -ir
habiter
ah-bee-tay
to live
bâtir
bah-teer
to build
jouer
zhoo-ay
to play
finir
fee-neer
to finish
manger
mawn-zhay
to eat
choisir
shwa-zeer
to choose
montrer
mohn-tray
to show
punir
poo-neer
to punish
parler
par-lay
to speak
remplir
rawn-pleer
to fill
penser
pawn-say
to think
obéir (à)
oh-bay-eer (ah)
to obey
travailler
trah-vy-yay
to work
réussir
ray-oo-seer
to succeed
trouver
troo-vay
to find
guérir
gay-reer
to cure, heal
Note:If a verb is followed byà (like répondre) you have to use the à and
any contractions after
the conjugated verb.Ex: Je répondsau téléphone. I answer the phone.
* The 2nd -ir verbs are considered irregular sometimes because there are
only a few verbs
which follow that pattern. Other verbs like partir aresortir (to go
out),dormir (to sleep),
mentir (to lie), sentir (to smell, feel) and servir (to serve.)
You can also download a list of the 681 most common verbs in French
(available in PDF
format.)
29. Pronominal (Reflexive) Verbs[ mp3 - 861 KB ]
These verbs are conjugated like normal verbs, but they require an extra
pronoun before the verb. Most indicate a reflexive action but some are
idiomatic and can't be translated literally. The pronouns are:
me nous te vous se se
Some Pronominal Verbs
s'amuser
to have funse reposer
to rest
se réveiller
to wake up
se lever
to get up
se souvenir
de
to remember
se raser
to shave
se laver
to wash
(oneself)
s'entendre
bien
to get along wells'ennuyer
to get bored
se
dépêcher
to hurry
se coucher
to go to bed
se promenerto take a walk
se peignerto comb
se brosser
to brush
s'intéresser àto be interested in
s'habiller
to get
dressed
se maquillerto put on
makeup
s'entraîner
to train/practice
se marier
to get
married
se casser
to break (arm,
leg, etc.)
se détendreto relax
Note:When used in the infinitive, such as after another verb, the
reflexive pronoun agrees with
the subject of the sentence.Je vais me coucher maintenant. I'm going to
go to bed.
Sample Irregular Pronominal Verb
s'asseoir - to sit down
je m'assiedsmah-see-ay nous nous asseyonsnoo-zah-say-ohn
tu t'assiedstah-see-ay vous vous asseyezvous-zah-say-yay
il s'assied
sah-see-ayils s'asseyent
sah-say-ee
30. Irregularities in Regular Verbs[mp3 - 1.43 MB ]
1. Verbs that end in-ger and-cer : Thenous form ofm anger isn't mangons,
but mangeons.
The e has to stay so the g can retain the soft sound. Thenous form
ofcommencer isn't
commencons, but commençons. The c must have the accent (called a
cedilla) under it to
make the c sound soft.
manger-to eat
commencer-to begin
mangemawnzh mangeonsmawn-
zhohn
commencekoh-
mawnzcommençons
koh-
mawn-
sohn
mangesmawnzh mangez
mawn-
zhay
commenceskoh-
mawnzcommencezkoh-
mawn-say
mangemawnzh mangentmawnzh
commencekoh-
mawnzcommencentkoh-
mawnz
2. Verbs that add or change to an accent grave: Some verbs add or change
to an accent
grave (è) in all the forms except thenous andvous.
acheter-to buy
espérer-to hope
j'achètezhah-shet achetonsah-shuh-tohn j'espèrezhess-pehr
espéronsess-pay-rohn
achètesah-shet
achetezah-shuh-tay espèresess-pehr
espérezess-pay-ray
achèteah-shet
achètentah-shet
espèreess-pehr
espèrentess-pehr
3. Verbs that are conjugated as -er verbs: Some -ir verbs are conjugated
with -er endings. For
example:offrir-to offer, give,ouvrir-to open,cou vrir-to cover,décou
vrir-to discover and
souffrir-to suffer.
offrir-to offer
j'offrezhaw-fruh offronsaw-frohn
offresaw-fruh
offrezaw-fray
offreaw-fruh
offrentaw-fruh
4. Verbs that end in-ye r : Change they to ani in all forms except the
nous and vous.
Examples:envo yer-to send(aw n -vwah-ya y),netto yer-to
clean(nuh-twah-ya y),essa yer-to try(ess-a h-yay)
envoyer-to send
j'envoiezhawn-vwah envoyonsawn-vwah-yohn
envoiesawn-vwah
envoyezawn-vwah-yay
Envoieawn-vwah
envoientawn-vwah
5. Verbs that double the consonant: Some verbs, such asappeler-to
call(ahp-l ay), andjeter-to
throw( zheh-ta y) double the consonant in all forms except thenous andvous.
appeler-to call
j'appellezhah-pell appelonsah-puh-lohn
appellesah-pell
appelez
ah-puh-lay
appelle
ah-pell
appellentah-pell
31. Present Perfect Tense or Passé Composé[mp3 - 452 KB ]
You have learned the present indicative so far, which expresses what
happens, is happening,
or does happen now; but if you want to say something happened, or has
happened, you use
the passé composé. The passé composé is used for actions that happened
only once, a
specified number of times or during a specified period of time, and as a
result or consequence
of another action. All you need to learn are the past participles of the
verbs.
Regular Verbs: Formation of the Past Participle
-er-é
-re-u
-ir-i
Then conjugateavoir and add the past participle:
J'ai aimé le concert.
I liked the concert.
Tu as habité ici ?
You lived here?
Il a répondu au téléphone. He answered (or has answered) the telephone.
Nous avons fini le projet. We finished (or have finished) the project.
Elles ont rempli les tasses. They filled (or have filled) the cups.
To make it negative, put thene andpas around the conjugated
form ofavoir.
Je n'ai pasaimé le concert.
I didn't like the concert.
Il n'a pasrépondu.
He didn't answer (or hasn't answered) .
Elles n'ont pasrempli les tasses. They didn't fill (or haven't filled)
the glasses.
32. Irregular Past Participles[ mp3 - 973 KB ]
avoir
to have
eu(ew)
had
ouvrir
to open
ouvert(oo-vehr)opened
connaîtreto know
connu
known
offrir
to offer
offert
offered
croire
to believe
cru
believed
pouvoir
to be able to
pu
was able to
devoir
to have to
dû
had to
prendre
to take
pris(pree)
taken
e
to tell
dit
said
apprendre
to learn
appris
learned
rire
to write
écrit
written
comprendreto understand compris
understood
e
to be
été
been
surprendreto surprise
surpris
surprised
re
to do, makefait
made
recevoir
to receive
reçu(reh-sew)
received
e
to read
lu
read
rire
to laugh
ri
laughed
ttre
to put
mis(mee)put
savoir
to know
su
known
rmettre
to permit
permis
permitted
voir
to see
vu
seen
omettre
to promisepromis
promised
vouloir
to want
voulu(voo-lew)wanted
33. Etre Verbs[ mp3 - 730 KB ]
Sixteen "house" verbsand all pronominal verbsare
conjugated withêtre, and they must agree in gender and number
with the subject. The house verbs are:
aller-to go
sortir-to go out venir-to come
mourir-to die
arriver-to arrive
partir-to leave devenir-to become
monter-to go up
entrer-to enter
tomber-to fall
revenir-to come back rester-to stay
rentrer-to return home naître-to be born passer-to go by (pass)
descendre-to go down
Most have regular past participles, except venir-venu, devenir-
devenu, revenir-revenu, mourir-mort,and naître-né.And five
of these verbs, monter, descendre, sortir, rentrer, andpasser
can sometimes be conjugated withavo ir if they are used with a
direct object.
Je suis sortie. I went out.
J'ai sorti la poubelle. I took the trash out.
Conjugation of an être verb
Je suis resté(e)
Nous sommes resté(e)s
Tu es resté(e)
Vous êtes resté(e)(s)
Il est resté
Ils sont restés
Elle est restée
Elles sont restées
You add thee for feminine ands for plural. Vous can have any of
the endings. To form the negative, place ne...pas around the
auxiliary verb.
Conjugation of a Pronominal Verb
Je me suis amusé(e)
Nous nous sommes amusé(e)s
Tu t'es amusé(e)
Vous vous êtes amusé(e)(s)
Il s'est amusé
Ils se sont amusés
Elle s'est amusée
Elles se sont amusées
To form the negative, place ne before the reflexive pronoun, and
pas after the auxiliary verb.
numbers, go after the noun. The five words in parentheses (bel,
fol, mol, nouvel,and vieil) are used before masculine singular
words beginning with a vowel or a silent h.
A few adjectives can be used before or after the noun, and the
meaning changes accordingly. When used before the noun, they
take a figurative meaning; and when used after, they take a literal
meaning.
Before plural adjectives preceding plural nouns, you usede
instead ofdes to mean some. Ex: Some old monuments.De
vieux monuments.
53. Adjectives: Formation of Feminine[ mp3 - 970 KB ]
Almost all adjectives must agree in number and gender with the
noun they modify. Most adjectives are given in the masculine
form, so to change to the feminine forms, follow these rules:
Masculine
Feminine
Adjective
Add-e
brun
brahn
brune
brunn
brown
fatigué
fah-tee-gayfatiguée
fah-tee-gaytired
If it already ends in -e, add
nothing
jeune
zhun
jeune
zhun
young
-x changes to -se
généreuxzhay-nay-
ruh
généreusezhay-nay-
ruhz
generous
Exceptions:faux
foh
fausse
fohss
false
roux
roo
rousse
rooss
red (hair)
doux
doo
douce
dooss
sweet, soft
-il, -el,and -eil change to
-ille, -elle, and -eille
naturel
naht-ur-ellnaturelle naht-ur-ell
natural
-et changes to -ète
inquiet
ahn-kee-ayinquiète
ahn-kee-ettworried
Exceptions:muet
mew-ay
muette
mew-ett
silent
coquet
koh-kay
coquettekoh-kett
stylish
-enand -on change to
-enneand -onne
Italien
ee-tahl-ee-
ahn
Italienneee-tahl-ee-
enn
Italian
-er changes to -ère
cher
share
chère
share
dear, expensive
-f changes to -ve
actif
ac-teef
active
ac-teev
active
-c changes to -che
blanc
blawn
blanche
blawnsh
white
Exceptions:public
pooh-bleekpublique pooh-bleekpublic
grec
grek
grecque
grek
Greek
-g changes to -gue
long
lawn
longue
lawng
long
-eur changes to -euseif
adjective
is derived from verb
menteurmawn-tur
menteusemawn-tuhzliar
-eur changes to -riceif
adjective
is not same as verb
créateurkray-ah-tur créatricekray-ah-
treess
creator
-eur changes to -eurewith
adjectives of comparison
inférieurahn-fay-ree-
uhr
inférieureahn-fay-ree-
uhr
inferior
And a few completely
irregular ones:
épais
ay-peh
épaisse
ay-pehz
thick
favori
fah-voh-reefavorite
fah-voh-reetfavorite
frais
freh
fraîche
frehsh
fresh, cool
54. Forming Plurals: Adjectives[ mp3 - 411 KB ]
To form the feminine plural, just add an-s, unless it already ends
in an s, then add nothing. To form the masculine plural, just add
an-s, except in these cases:-al becomes-aux(exceptions:
banal - banals; final - finals); ; and if it ends in an x or s already,
add nothing.
Masculine
Singular
Masculine
Plural
nationalnational
nationaux
generalgénéral
généraux
Feminine
Singular
Feminine Plural
nationalnationale
nationales
generalgénérale
générales
And of course there are more exceptions... some adjectives are
invariable and do not have feminine or plural forms. Compound
adjectives, such as bleu clair (light blue) and vert foncé (dark green),
adjectives that are also nouns, such asor (gold),argent (silver),marron
(chestnut), and the wordschic (stylish),bon
marchéor meilleur marché (inexpensive) never change.
55. More Adjectives[ mp3 - 2.59 MB ]
short
(length)
court/e
differentdifférent/e
boring
ennuyeux/euse
loud, noisybruyant/e
situatedsitué/e
crazy
fou/folle
elegant
élégant/e
big
gros/se
interesting
intéressant/e
tight,
narrow
étroit/e
curiouscurieux/euse sensitive
sensible
several
plusieurs/plusieuresnervous nerveux/euseathletic
sportif/sportive
pointed
pointu/e
only
seul/e
stubborn
têtu/e
bright
vif/vive
amusingamusant/e
shy
timide
cute
mignon/ne
touchingémouvant/e
hard-workingtravailleur/euse
perfect
parfait/e
funny
drôle,
marrant/e
optimistic
optimiste
ready
prêt/e
heavy
lourd/e
pessimistic
pessimiste
sad
triste
careful
prudent/e
tolerant
tolérant/e
clever
malin/maligne
dirty
sale
pretentious
prétentieux/euse
lazy
paresseux/euse
tired
fatigué/e
ambitious
ambitieux/se
generousgénéreux/euse
angry
fâché/e
pleasant
agréable
famous
célèbre
annoyedirrité/e
enthusiasticenthousiaste
decorateddécoré/e
old
âgé/e
honest
honnête
Note: Remember the first word is the masculine and the second is
the feminine. The addition of an e for the feminine form allows the
last consonant to be voiced. These adjectives go after the noun.
Normally, the verb rendre means to give something that you owe
to someone, such as On rend ses devoirs au professeur. It can
also be used in the sense of to represent. But rendre + adjective
means to make someone or something + adjective.
Tu me rends si heureuse !You make me so happy!
Le fait qu'il ne possède pas de voiture le rend triste.The fact
that he doesn't have a car makes him sad.
Some common slang adjectives that are used constantly in
everyday speech:
chouette
great, goodminable mediocre
con / conne
stupid, dumbmocheugly,
unpleasant
débile
idiotic
sensasssensational
dégueu(lasse)disgusting,
bad
super
marvellous
extra
extraordinarysympanice,
pleasant
génial
very
interesting
tarte
inane
impec
perfect
tocardridiculous,
deplorable
The intensifiersvac hement anddrôlement are also used often,
meaning very or really.
Il est vachement sympa. = He is really nice.
Elle est drôlement triste. = She is very sad.
56. Problem Verbs[ mp3 - 927 KB ]
Some verbs in French present problems because they have several
translations in English. Other verbs can have several translations in
French, but fewer meanings in English.
visiter - to visit places
rendre visite à - to visit people
apporter - to bring things to some place
emporter - to take things from some place
amener - to bring someone to some place
emmener - to take someone from some place
apprendre quelque chose - to learn something
apprendre quelque chose à quelqu'un - to teach someone
something
rencontrer - to meet
faire la connaissance de - to meet someone for the first time
retrouver - to meet (for an appointment)
partir - to leave (from or for a place)
quitter - to leave (a person or place)
sortir - to go out
s'en aller - to go away
laisser - to leave something behind
retourner - to go back (to where speaker is not)
revenir - to come back (to where speaker currently is)
rentrer - to come or go home
rendre - to return or give something back
faire - to make
fabriquer - to produce
obliger - to make someone do something
rendre - to make someone + adjective
After some verbs, the wordne is required, but this does not imply
negation: craindre, redoûter, empêcher
Je crains qu'il ne fasse trop froid. I'm afraid that it's too cold.
And a few verbs only requirene and not pas in the negative, but
this is elevated or literary language: cesser, oser, pouvoir,
savoir
Je ne peux vivre sans toi. I cannot live without you.
57. C'est/Il est + Adjective + à/de + Infinitive [ mp3 - 838 KB ]
C'est + adjective + à + infinitive is used when the idea has
already been mentioned; while il est + adjective + de + infinitive is
used when the idea has not yet been mentioned. Also, thec'est
construction is used when you do not use a direct object after the
infinitive of the transitive verb, and the il est construction is used
when you do.
Est-ce qu'on peut apprendre le chinois en un an ? Can you
learn Chinese in one year?
Non, c'est impossible à apprendre en un an ! No, it's
impossible to learn in one year! (The idea, Chinese, has already
been mentioned, and there is no direct object.)
OR:
Non, il est impossible d'apprendre le chinois en un an !(This
sentence contains the direct object after the infinitive.)
Il est facile d'apprendrel'italien.It is easy to learn Italian. (The
idea has not already been mentioned, and the direct object is
used.)
Adjectives that express a certain emotion requirede before the
infinitive: content, désolé, furieux, heureux, triste
Je suis contente de vous voir. I am happy to see you.
Other adjectives requireà before the infinitive: agréable, pénible,
terrible, amusant, intéressant, ennuyeux, léger, lourd, lent,
rapide, premier, dernier, prêt, seul
Il est prêt à partir. He is ready to leave.
A longer list of adjectives that require à or de before an infinitive
can be found at 91. on French V.
In addition, when quelque chose is followed by an adjective,de
is inserted between the two.
quelque chose d'intéressant = something interesting
58. Sports & Instruments[ mp3 - 1.17 MB ]
Soccer
le football
luh foot-bahl
Softball
le softball
luh soft-
bahl
Hockey
le hockey
luh ock-ee
Golf
le golf
luh golf
Football
le football
américain
luh foot-bahl ah-
mehr-ee-kahn
Bicycling
le vélo
luh vay-low
Basketball
le basket
luh bahs-kett
Surfing
le surf
luh serf
Baseball
le base-ball
luh base-bahl
Dirt/Motor
biking
le bicross
luh bee-
cross
Horse-back ri
ding
l'équitation; du
cheval
leh-kee-tah-see-
ohn; dew shuh-vahlFrench hornle cor
d'harmonie
kohr dar-
moh-nee
Tennis
le tennis
luh ten-ees
violin
le violon
vee-oh-lohn
Skiing
le ski
luh skee
guitar
la guitare
gee-tahr
Volleyball
le volley
luh voll-ee
drum
le tambour
tawn-boor
Wrestling
la lutte / le catchlah lewt / luh
kahtch
tuba
le tuba
tew-bah
Jogging
le jogging
luh jog-eeng
flute
la flûte
flewt
Ice-skating
le patin à glaceluh pah-tahn ah
glahs
trombone
le trombonetrohn-bohn
Swimming
la natation
lah nah-tah-see-
ohn
clarinet
la clarinette
klah-ree-
nett
Track and
Field
l'athlétisme
lat-lay-tees-muh
cello
le violoncellevee-oh-
lohn-sell
Bowling
le bowling
luh booh-ling
harp
la harpe
arp
La lutte is regular wrestling (the real Greco-Roman sport), while le
catch is professional/fake wrestling.
Faire de + a sport means to play. Jouer à + a sport also means
to play, as does jouer de + an instrument.
Tu fais du foot.You play soccer.
J'aime jouer au tennis.I like to play tennis.
Je peux jouer de la guitare. I can play the guitar.
Nous jouons de la clarinette.We play the clarinet.
Il veut jouer du tuba.He wants to play the tuba.
59. Nature[ mp3 - 3.11 MB ]
air
l'air (m)
frost
la gelée
rose
la rose
archipelagol'archipel (m) grass
l'herbe (f)
sand
le sable
bank
la rive
gulf
le golfe
sea
la mer
bay
la baie
hail
la grêle
shadow
l'ombre (f)
barn
la grange
hay
le foin
sky
le ciel
beach
la plage
high tide
la marée haute
snow
la neige
branch
la branche
hill
la colline
soil
la terre
bridge
le pont
ice
la glace
south
le sud
bud
le bouton
island
I'île (f)
spring
(water)
la source
bush
le buisson
isthmus
l'isthme
star
l'étoile (f)
cape
le cap
jungle
la jungle
stem
la tige
cave
la caverne
lake
le lac
storm
l'orage (f) / la
tempête
city
la ville
leaf
la feuille
strait
le détroit
climate
le climat
light
la lumière
stream
le ruisseau
cloud
le nuage
lightning
l'éclair (m)
street
la rue
coast
la côte
lily
le lis
sun
le soleil
comet
la comète
low tide
la marée basse
sunflowerle tournesol
constellationla
constellationmeadow
le pré
thaw
la fonte
country
le pays
moon
la lune
thunder
le tonnerre
country(side)la campagne mountain
la montagne
tornado
la tornade
current
le courant
mountain
range
la chaîne de
montagnes
tree
l'arbre (m)
daffodil
la jonquille
mouth (river)l'embouchure (f)
trunk
le tronc
daisy
la margueritemud
la vase
tulip
la tulipe
darkness
l'obscurité (f)nature
la nature
valley
la vallée
desert
le désert
north
le nord
view
la vue
dew
la rosée
peninsula
la péninsule
water
l'eau (f)
dust
la poussièreplain
la plaine
fresh waterl'eau douce
earth
la terre
planet
la planète
salt waterl'eau salée
east
l'est (m)
plant
la plante
watering
can
l'arrosoir (m)
farm
la ferme
pond
l'étang (m)
waterfall
la cascade
field
le champ
pot (for
le pot de fleurs
wave
la vague / l'onde
plants)
(f)
flower
la fleur
rain
la pluie
weather
le temps
foam
l'écume (f)
rainbow
l'arc-en-ciel (m)
west
l'ouest (m)
fog
le brouillard
river
le fleuve
wind
le vent
foliage
le feuillage
rock
le rocher
world
le monde
forest
la forêt
root
la racine
60. To Live[ mp3 - 626 KB ]
vivre - to live, be alive (vee-vruh)
Present
Imperfect
Future
vis
vivons
vivais
vivions
vivrai
vivrons
vis
vivez
vivais
viviez
vivras
vivrez
vit
vivent
vivait
vivaient
vivra
vivront
The past participle of vivre isvécu and it is conjugated with
avoir.Habiter is another verb that
means to live, but it means to live in a place. Vivre is used to mean
the state of being alive. A
subjunctive form of vivre,viv e, is often used in exclamations. Vive la
France ! Long live
France!
61. Personal Pronouns[ mp3 - 1.34 MB ]
Subject
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Disjunctives
je
I
me(m uh)me
me
to me
moi(m wah)me
tu
youte(tuh)
youte
to youtoi(twah)
you
il
he
le
himlui(lwee) to himlui
him
elle
shela
her
lui
to her
elle
her
nouswe nous
us
nous
to us
nous
us
vousyou vous
youvous
to youvous
you
ils
theyles
themleur
to themeux(uh)
them
ellesthey les
themleur
to themelles
them
Note:You have already learned the subject pronouns. They go
before the conjugated verb forms. The Direct and Indirect Object
pronouns go before the verb even though in English they go after
it. They also go after thene in a negative sentence and right
before the verb. The disjunctive always go after prepositions, or
can be used alone for emphasis.
Sample Sentences:
J'achète des pantalons. I buy some pants.
Jeles achète.
I buy them.
Jevou s donne la boîte.
I give the box to you.
Je vous la donne.
I give it to you.
Aprèstoi.
After you. (familiar)
Nous allons avecelle.
We go with her.
Il nela quitte pas.
He doesn't leave her.
Illa quitte.
He leaves her.
Jet'aime.or Jevous aime. I love you.
Elle nel'aime pas.
She doesn't love him.
Note:When you have more than one pronoun; me, te, nous, or
vous come first, then le, la,or les, then luior leur. Me, te, le,
andla contract to m', t', andl' when they precede a vowel, the
same wayje does. In commands, the pronouns go after the verb,
connected with a hyphen. And the pronoun order changes a little
too:Le, la, orles come first; then moi, toi, (Me and te become
moi and toi in commands)nous, orvou s; thenlui, orl e ur.
If you haveprono uns, they go before the complete verb in
regular sentences; but after thene and before the form ofavoir in
negative sentences.
Nouslui avons parlé.
We spoke to him/her.
Vousen avez écouté trois. You've listened to three of them.
Jet'ai demandé du pain. I asked you for some bread.
Il nel'a pas aimé.
He didn't like it/her/him.
Tu n'y as pas habité.
You didn't live there.
Je nevous ai pas parlé. I didn't speak (or haven't spoken) to you.
Nous nel'avons pas fini. We didn't finish (or haven't finished) it.
In the passé composé witha voir, direct object pronouns only
must agree in gender and number with the past participle.
Jeles ai aimés.
I liked them.
Ill'a regardée.
He watched her.
Ellesnous ont écouté(e)s. They listened to us.
Note:Add ane if the pronoun is feminine, and ans if it is plural.
Thel' could mean him or her, so you might not need to put the
extrae on the past participle. The same for nous and vous. They
must have ans because they are plural, but it is unclear as to
whether they are masculine or feminine.
62. Parts of the Body / Les parties du corps [ mp3 - 2.85 MB ]
Standard French
Slang
head
la tête
tet
la caboche / le crâne
hair
les cheveux
shuh-vuh
les tifs
face
la figure / le visage / la
face
fee-ger / vee-sawzh
forehead
le front
frohn
cheek
la joue
zhoo
ear
l'oreille
oh-ray
les esgourdes
eye/s
l'œil / les yeux
uhee / yuh
les mirettes
beard
la barbe
barb
la barbouse
mustache
la moustache
moo-stash
mouth
la bouche
boosh
la gueule / la boîte
lip
la lèvre
lev-ruh
nose
le nez
nay
le blair / le pif
tongue
la langue
lawn
tooth
la dent
dawn
les crocs
neck
le cou
koo
eyebrows
les sourcils
soor-seel
eyelashes
les cils
seel
chin
le menton
mawn-tohn
throat
la gorge
gorzh
skin
la peau
poh
blood
le sang
sawn
bone
l'os
lohs
shoulder
l'épaule
ay-pohl
chest
la poitrine
pwah-treen
waist
la taille
tahee
belly button
le nombril
nohn-breel
back
le dos
doh
heart
le cœur
kir
lungs
les poumons
poo-mohn
brain
le cerveau
sehr-voh
liver
le foie
fwah
kidney
le rein
rehn
bladder
la vessie
veh-see
rib
la côte
koht
arm
le bras
brah
elbow
le coude
kood
wrist
le poignet
pwahn-yay
fist
le poing
pwahn
hand
la main
mahn
fingers
les doigts
dwah
stomach / bellyl'estomac / le ventre
less-to-mah / vawn-
truh
le buffet / le bide
butt
les fesses
fehss
les miches
body
le corps
kohr
hip
la hanche
ahnsh
leg
la jambe
zhamb
knee
le genou
zhu-noo
foot
le pied
pyay
le penard / les arpions
toes
les orteils
or-tie
ankle
la cheville
shu-vee
thigh
la cuisse
kweess
shin
le tibia
tee-bee-ah
calf
le mollet
moh-leh
thumb
le pouce
pooss
nails
les ongles
ohn-gluh
tattoo
le tatouage
tah-too-ahzh
piercing
le piercing
peer-seeng
blond
blond/e
blohn/d
brunette
brun/e
bruhn/brewn
red-head
roux/rousse
roo/roos
light brown
châtain
shah-tahn
To say something hurts or that you have an ache, you can use
avoir mal à (body part):
J'ai mal à la tête.I have a headache.
J'ai mal à l'estomac.I have a stomach ache.
Elle a mal au bras.Her arm hurts.
Tu as mal au genou?Your knee hurts?
Il a mal aux orteils.His toes hurt.
However, if someone is causing you pain, use faire mal (to hurt)
plus the indirect pronoun.
Tu me fais mal. You're hurting me.
Ne lui faites pas mal.Don't hurt him / her.
When describing hair color or eye color, you use blonds, châtain,
bruns, roux for hair; and bleus, verts, marron, noirs for eyes.
Notice that châtain and marron do not agree in gender or number.
Elle a les cheveux roux. Elle est rousse. She has red hair. She
is a red-head.
Il a les yeux marron. He has brown eyes.
Combien mésures-tu ? / Combien fais-tu ? How tall are you?
Combien pèses-tu ? How much do you weigh?
Je fais 1m60. I am 1 m 60 cm.
Je pèse 50 kilos. I weigh 50 kilos.
63. Asking Questions[ mp3 - 854 KB ]
1) Invert the subject and verb form and add a hyphen. Instead of
Vous parlez anglais? use Parlez-vous anglais? But if you invert
il, elle,or on, you must put at between the verb form (if it ends in
a vowel) and the subject for ease of pronunciation.Parl e-il
anglais? is incorrect and must become Parle-t-il anglais? And je
is usually only inverted with pouvoir or devoir. However, if je is
inverted with pouvoir, you don't use peux, butpuis.Puis-je ?
(pweezh) is Can I?
When typing in French, you must leave an extra space before a
punctuation mark that has two components, such as a colon,
semi-colon, question mark, exclamation point, etc.
72. Animals[ mp3 - 4.27 MB ]
ant
la fourmi
giraffe
la girafe
pig
le cochon
antelope
l'antilope
goat
la chèvre
pigeonle pigeon
antenna
l'antenne
goose
l'oie (f)
pike
le brochet
bat
la chauve-sourisgorilla
le gorille
pony
le poney
beak
le bec
grasshopperla sauterelle
puppy
le chiot
bear
l'ours (m)
hamster
le hamster
rabbit
le lapin
bee
l'abeille (f)
hare
le lièvre
raccoonle raton laveur
bird
l'oiseau (m)
hen
la poule
rat
le rat
blackbird
le merle
herring
la hareng
roosterle coq
bull
le taureau
hoof
le sabot
salmonle saumon
butterfly
le papillon
horn
la corne
scale
l'écaille (f)
calf
le veau
horse
le cheval
scorpionle scorpion
cat
le chat
hummingbirdle colibri
sea gullla mouette
caterpillar
la chenille
iguana
l'iguane
seal
le phoque
cheetah
le guépard
insect
l'insecte (m)
shark
le requin
chicken
le poulet
jellyfish
la méduse
sheep
le mouton
chimpanzeele chimpanzé
kitten
le chaton
shrimpla crevette
claw
la griffe
ladybug
la coccinelle
slug
la limace
cockroachla cafard
lamb
l'agneau (m)
snail
l'escargot (m)
cod
la morue
lark
l'alouette (f)
snake
le serpent
cocoon
le cocon
lion
le lion
sparrowle moineau
cow
la vache
lizard
le lézard
spider
l'araignée (f)
crab
le crabe
lobster (spiny)la langouste
squid
le calamar
crayfish
l'écrevisse (f)
louse
le pou
squirrell'écureuil (m)
crocodile
le crocodile
mackerel
le maquereau
starfishl'étoile de mer
crow
le corbeau
mole
la taupe
swallowl'hirondelle (f)
deer
le cerf
monkey
le singe
swan
le cygne
dog
le chien
mosquito
le moustique
tadpolele têtard
donkey
l'âne (m)
moth
le papillon de nuittail
la queue
dragonfly
la libellule
mouse
la souris
tiger
le tigre
duck
le canard
mule
le mulet
toad
le crapaud
eagle
l'aigle (m)
mussel
la moule
trout
la truite
eel
l'anguille (f)
nest
le nid
tuna
le thon
elephant
l'éléphant (m)
nightingale
le rossignol
turkeyle dindon
feather
la plume
octopus
la pieuvre
turtle
la tortue
fin
la nageoire
ostrich
l'autruche
wasp
la guêpe
fish
le poisson
owl
le hibou
weasella belette
flea
la puce
ox
le bœuf
whale
la baleine
fly
la mouche
oyster
l'huître (f)
wing
l'aile (f)
fox
le renard
parrot
le perroquet
wolf
le loup
frog
la grenouille
partridge
la perdrix
worm
le ver
gill
la branchie
penguin
le pingouin
zebra
le zèbre
sit
assis
to bark
aboyer
lie down
couche-toi
to growl
grogner
shake
donne la patteto pant
haleter
dog/cat food
les croquettesto whine/whimper gémir
leash
la laisse
to drool
baver
collar
le collier
to meow
miauler
to take/let dog outsortir le chien to scratch
griffer
to climb on
grimper sur
to pounce on
se jeter sur
73. Plaire and Manquer[ mp3 - 914 KB ]
plaire-to please, enjoy
manquer-to miss, be lacking
plaispleh plaisonspleh-zohn manquemawnk manquonsmawn-kohn
plaispleh plaisezpleh-zay manquesmawnk manquezmawn-kay
plaîtpleh plaisentplehzz
manquemawnk manquentmawnk
The past participle of plaire isplu. To say that someone likes
something, you have to switch the subject and object around, so
that literally it translates to "something or someone pleases." As a
reflexive verb, se plaire means to enjoy being somewhere.Faire
plaisir à can also be used to mean "to delight or to like."
Cette chienne plaît à Dominique.Dominique likes this dog.
(Literally: This dog is pleasing to Dominique.)
Ça t'a plu?Did you like it?
Ils se plaisent à Londres. They enjoy being in London.
Cela me fait plaisir de vous revoir.I am happy to see you
again.
Manquer has several meanings: to miss, to lack, or to regret the
absence (miss). The last meaning uses inverted word order just
like plaire.Manquer à means "to fail to do."
Elle a manqué le train.She missed the train.
Vous manquez de courage.You lack courage.
Tu me manques.I miss you. (Literally: You are missing to me)
Ils ont manqué aux devoirs.They failed to do the homework.
74. Pluperfect (Past Perfect) [ mp3 - 232 KB ]
This compound tense is used for flashbacks or anything thathad
happened before the time of the narration. It's formed with the
imperfect tense of avoir or être and the past participle of the main
verb. This tense is comparable to the passé composé.
Imperfect of avoir or être
avais avions
étais étions
avais aviez
étais étiez
+ past participle
avait avaient était étaient
Je n'avais pas fini mon travail quand il est arrivé.I had not
finished my work when he arrived.
Vous aviez faim parce que vous n'aviez pas du tout mangé.
You were hungry because you hadn't eaten at all.
Nous avions manqué le rendez-vous parce que le bus était en
retard. We had missed the meeting because the bus was late.
75. Indefinite Pronouns[ mp3 - 576 KB ]
Indefinite pronouns refer to no one or nothing in particular, such
as someone or something.
someone/body
quelqu'un
each
chacun(e)
something
quelque chose (de + adjective)
not one, none
aucun(e)
some
quelques-uns / quelques-unes
anything
n'importe quoi
somewhere
quelque part
anyone
n'importe qui
several
plusieurs
anywhere
n'importe où
some...others
certains...d'autres
any time
n'importe quand
another
un(e) autre
nowhere
nulle part
Do not confuse chacun withchaq ue (each, every). Chacun is a
pronoun and replaces a noun, while chaque is an adjective that
describes a noun.
76. Subjunctive Mood [ mp3 - 2.48 MB ]
If a sentence expresses a subjective statement of opinion, the
subjunctive mood is used rather than the indicative. The
subjunctive is used in dependent clauses introduced by the word
que. The main clause must express personal opinions or feelings
and have a different subject from the dependent clause. If the two
subjects are the same, the infinitive is used.
Je doute que Marcsoit là.I doubt that Marc is here. (shows
judgment and opinion)
Je veux venir.N O T: Je veux que je vienne.(use infinitive, same subject)
To form the subjunctive, use the ils/elles form of the present
indicative tense. This is also the form for the ils/elles form of the
subjunctive. For je, tu, il/elle, drop the -ent and add -e, -es, and
-e. Nous and vous use the imperfect forms.
-e -ions
-es -iez
-e -ent
Conjugations in the Subjunctive
avoir
être
faire
aller
aie(ay )
ayons
sois(swah )
soyons
fasse fassions aille(eye ) allions
aies
ayez
sois
soyez
fasses fassiez ailles
alliez
ait
aient
soit
soient
fasse fassent aille
aillent
vouloir
pouvoir
savoir
pleuvoir
veuille(vuhee ) voulions puisse(pweess ) puissions sache sachions
veuilles
vouliez puisses
puissiez saches sachiez
veuille
veuillent puisse
puissent sache sachent pleuve
These verbs and conjunctions are followed by the subjunctive:
Verbs
Verbal Expressions
Conjunctions
douter
il faut que
avant que
suggérer
il vaut mieux que
pour / afin que
vouloir
il est important que jusqu'à ce que
proposer
il se peut que
à moins que
avoir peur
il est possible que
bien que / quoique
regretter
il est temps que
sans que
craindre
c'est dommage que en attendant que
être content(e)/triste/désolé(e)/surpris(e), etc.
penser/croire/trouver
(negative and interrogative forms only)
Je veux que tu viennes avec moi. I want you to come with me. Il est
content que nous soyons là. He's happy that we are here. Est-ce que vous
pensez qu'elle puisse le faire ? Do you think
that she can do it?
Il faut que je fasse la vaisselle. I have to do the dishes.
Elle sera là jusqu'à ce que vous partiez. She will be there until
you leave.
However, douter, jusqu'à ce que, à moins que, and bien que /
quoique use the subjunctive whether there is a change in subject
or not. And when using avant before an infinitive, the construction
is avant de + infinitive. Note, also, that the subjunctive isnot used
withespérer or il est probable, although the subjunctive may be used
with these words in other Romance languages.
The wordne is used after certain conjunctions (most notably
avant queand à moins que) that take the subjunctive, but this
does not make the phrase negative:
Finissez le travail avant que la classe ne se termine. Finish the
work before class ends.
77. Falloir and Valoir [ mp3 - 579 KB ]
Falloir (to be necessary) and valoir (to be worth) are two very
common impersonal verbs used in several phrases and situations.
Their conjugations are:
imperfect
il fallait
il valait
present
perfect
il a fallu
il a valu
present
il faut
il vaut
future
il faudra
il vaudra
conditionalil faudrait
il vaudrait
Falloir can be translated as must, have to, be required to, etc. It
can be followed directly by an infinitive, or a subject and the
subjunctive mood.
Il faut rester à la maison aujourd'hui. You must stay at home
today.
Il faut pas le faire ! You must not do it!
Il faut qu'il parte à 8h. He must leave at 8.
In addition to worth, valoir mieux is used in translating "it's better."
Ça ne vaut pas la peine. It's not worth it.
Il vaut mieux en rire qu’en pleurer. It s better to laugh about it
than cry.
78.Adverbs [ mp3 - 1.02 MB ]
bien
well
quelquefoissometimes
mieux
bettertoujours
always
mal
badlyvite
quickly
peu
little
donc
therefore
déjà
alreadyencore
yet
bientôt
soon
quelque partsomewhere
ici
here
maintenantnow
là
theretôt
early
dedans
insidetard
late
dehors
outsidepeut-être
maybe
souvent
often
jamais
(n)ever
d habitudeusually nulle part
nowhere
To form an adverb, simply take the feminine form of an adjective
and add -ment to the end. If the masculine form ends in -e, you
just add the -ment to that. Adjectives ending in -ent or -ant take
the endings -emment and -amment.
Masculine Feminine
Adverb
naturel
naturellenaturellement
heureux heureuseheureusement
lent
lente
lentement
facile
facile
facilement
probable probableprobablement
intelligent intelligenteintelligemment
brillant
brillante
brillamment
récent
récente
récemment
Note:Some adverbs such asactuellement (currently, now) and
éventuellement (possibly, perhaps) can be deceiving.
A Few Irregular Adverbs
vrai
vraiment
gentil
gentiment
profondprofondément
bref
brièvement
précis
précisément
Note:Adverbs are placed right after the verb in a simple tense.
Adverbs of opinion and time usually go at the beginning or end of
the sentence. Whenpeut-être and sans doute begin a sentence
or clause, they are usually followed byque. With the passé
composé, most adverbs are placedbetwe en the auxiliary verb
and past participle. In negative sentences, pas precedes the
adverb, except with peut-être, sans doute, sûrement, and
probablement. Adverbs of time and place generally follow the
past participle.
79. Tools & Hobbies [ mp3 - 1.56 MB ]
tools
les outils
chisel
le ciseau
toolbox
la boîte à outilsmeasuring tape le mètre
hammer
le marteau
chainsaw
la tronçonneuse
screwdriver
le tournevis
file
la lime
nail
le clou
do-it-yourself
le bricolage
screw
la vis
handicrafts
l artisanat
wrench
la clé
embroidery
la broderie
adjustable wrenchla clé à molette cross-stitch
le point de croix
bolt
le boulon
needlework
la couture
nut
l écrou (m)
needle
l aiguille (f)
pliers
les pinces (f)
thread
le fil
saw
la scie
painting
peindre
blade
la lame
jewelry makingfaire des bijoux
handle
le manche
gardening
le jardinage
anvil
l enclume (f)
knitting
le tricot
clamp / vise
l étau (m)
photography
la photographie
shovel
la pelle
woodworking
la menuiserie
pick axe
la pioche
pottery
la poterie
drill
la perceuse
drawing
le dessin
drill bit
la mèche
cooking
la cuisine
Other expressions related to hobbies/leisure time:
bavarder - to chat
bronzer - to tan
faire la grasse matinée - to sleep in late
faire la sieste - to take a nap
faire une pause - to take a break
faire une promenade - to take a walk
faire un tour - to go out for a while
prendre un bain de soleil - to sunbathe
prendre un verre - to go out for a drink
se détendre - to relax
se reposer - to rest
80. False Cognates [ mp3 - 313 KB ]
Les faux-amis or false cognates are a common pitfall among
language students. The following are some common words that
you may be deceived by:
Abus is used to mean excess or overindulgence, and usually not
abuse.
Disposer means to arrange or to have available, not to dispose
of.
Une injure is an insult, not an injury.
Actueland actuellementmean current and currently.
Avertissement is awarn ing, not an advertisement.
Une recette is arecipe, not a receipt.
Fournitures refers tosupp lies, not furniture.
Originalmeans new or innovative.
Humeur meansm ood, not humor.
Formel is used to meanstrict, not formal.
Déjeuner du matin
Jacques Prévert
Il a mis le café
Dans la tasse
Il a mis le lait
Dans la tasse de café
Il a mis le sucre
Dans le café au lait
Breakfast
Jacques Prévert
He put the coffee
In the cup
He put the milk
In the cup of coffee
He put the sugar
In the café au lait
Avec la petite cuiller
Il a tourné
Il a bu le café au lait
Et il a reposé la tasse
Sans me parler
Il a allumé
Une cigarette
Il a fait des ronds
Avec la fumée
Il a mis les cendres
Dans le cendrier
Sans me parler
Sans me regarder
Il s est levé
Il a mis
Son chapeau sur sa tête
Il a mis
Son manteau de pluie
Parce qu il pleuvait
Et il est parti
Sous la pluie
Sans une parole
Et moi j ai pris
Ma tête dans ma main
Et j ai pleuré.
With the coffee spoon
He stirred
He drank the café au lait
And he set down the cup
Without a word to me
He lit
A cigarette
He made smoke-rings
With the smoke
He put the ashes
In the ashtray
Without a word to me
Without a look at me
He got up
He put
His hat upon his head
He put
his raincoat on
Because it was raining
And he left
In the rain
Without a word
And I, I took
My head in my hand
And I cried.
Translated by Lawrence Ferlinghetti, fromParoles by Prévert
reçoisruh-swah recevezruh-suh-vay
reçoitruh-swah reçoiventruh-swahv
The past participle of recevoir isreçu.
90. Verbs followed by à or de before infinitives or nouns [
mp3 part 1 - 2.55 MB][ mp3 part 2 - 1.36 B]
Some verbs require à or de before an infinitive:
Verb + à + infinitive
Verb + de + infinitive
aider à
to help
accepter de
to accept
conseiller de
to advise
s amuser à
to have fun
arrêter de
to stop
convenir de
to agree upon
apprendre àto learn
avoir envie deto feel like craindre de
to fear
arriver à
to manage
avoir honte deto be
ashamed
désespérer de
to despair
chercher à
to look for
avoir peur deto be afraid dissuader de
to dissuade
commencer àto begin
avoir raison
de
to be rightentreprendre de to undertake
consister à
to consist
avoir tort deto be wrong envisager de
to contemplate
continuer à
to continue
choisir de
to choose
s étonner de
to astonish
donner à
to give
décider de
to decide
se garder de
to keep oneself
encourager àto encourage
défendre deto forbid
négliger de
to neglect
enseigner à
to teach
demander deto ask
persuader de
to persuade
s exercer à
to practice/learnse dépêcher
de
to hurry upprier de
to beg
s habituer à
to get used to
dire de
to say
recommander deto recommend
hésiter à
to hesitate
empêcher deto prevent reprocher de
to reproach
insister à
to insist
essayer de
to try
inviter à
to invite
être heureux
de
to be happy
renoncer à
to give up
être obligé deto be
required
réussir à
to succeed
éviter de
to avoid
songer à
to consider
s excuser deto apologize
s appliquer àto apply to
finir de
to finish
s attacher à
to become
attached
interdire de
to forbid
se décider àto decide
menacer de
to threaten
s employer àto use
oublier de
to forget
inciter à
to incite
permettre deto permit
s obstiner à
to insist
promettre deto promise
parvenir à
to succeed
refuser de
to refuse
persister à
to persist in
regretter de
to regret
pousser à
to push
remercier deto thank
provoquer àto provoke
rêver de
to dream
se risquer àto risk
risquer de
to risk
veiller à
to look after
venir de
to have just
viser à
to aim
cesser de
to stop
Venir de + infinitive means "to have just" + past participle in
English. Je viens de manger. I just ate.
Some verbs require à or de before nouns:
Verb + à + noun
Verb + de + noun
aller à
to suit
s apercevoir de
to notice
assister à
to attend
s approcher de
to approach
demander à
to ask (someone)
avoir besoin de
to need
dire à
to tell (someone)
changer de
to change
convenir à
to suit
dépendre de
to depend on
jouer à
to play (sport/game)
douter de
to doubt
nuire à
to harm
hériter de
to inherit
obéir à
to obey
jouer de
to play (instrument)
penser à
to think of
jouir de
to enjoy
plaire à
to please
manquer de
to lack
renoncer à
to give up
se méfier de
to distrust
répondre à
to answer
penser de
to think/have an opinion about
resister à
to resist
remercier de
to thank for
ressembler à
to resemble
rire de
to laugh at
songer à
to consider
se servir de
to use
survivre à
to survive
se souvenir de
to remember
téléphoner à
to phone
vivre de
to live on
And some verbs require no prepositions in French, while others
use different prepositions from English:
No prepositions in
French
Different prepositions from
English
approuverto approve
of
entrer dans
to enter
attendre
to wait for
consister en
to consist of
chercherto look for
se fâcher
contre
to get angry
with
demanderto ask for
écouter
to listen to
espérer
to hope for
payer
to pay for
rappeler
to remind of
regarder
to look at
sentir
to smell
of/like
viser
to aim at
Tu me rappelle mon père. You remind me of my father.
Ça sent la pluie. It smells like rain.
91. Adjectives followed by à or de before infinitives [ mp3 - 1.32
MB]
Adjective + à + infinitive
Adjective + de + infinitive
accessible à
accessible
accusé de
accused
agréable à
pleasant
assuré de
assure/insured
amusant à
fun
capable de
capable
antérieur à
previous/earlier
certain de
certain
attaché à
attached
chargé de
charged/loaded
conforme à
standard
connu de
known
contraire à
contrary
conscient deconscious
dernier à
last
content de
content/satisfied
ennuyeux à
boring
dénudé de
naked/bare
étranger à
foreign
désireux de
desirous
exposé à
exposed
désolé de
sorry
favorable à
favorable
différent de
different
inférieur à
inferior/lower
digne de
fit/worthy
intéressant à
interesting
exempt de
exempt
léger à
light
furieux de
furious
lent à
slow
heureux de
happy
lourd à
heavy
honteux de
ashamed
opposé à
opposite
impatient deimpatient
pénible à
difficult
plein de
full
premier à
first
privé de
private
prêt à
ready
proche de
close/near
rapide à
fast
rempli de
full
semblable à
similar
soucieux deworried
seul à
only
sûr de
sure
supérieur à
superior/higher
triste de
sad
terrible à
terrible
vide de
empty
utile à
useful
92. To Follow[ mp3 - 318 KB ]
Suivre-to follow(sweev-ruh)
suisswee suivonsswee-vohn
suisswee suivezswee-vay
suitswee suiventsweev
The past participle of suivre issuivi.Sui vre can also be used
with school subjects to mean "to take a course."
Suivez le guide !Follow the guide!
Suivez les instructions.Follow the instructions.
Je suis un cours de maths.I m taking a math class.
93. Faire Causative[ mp3 - 533 KB ]
Faire + an infinitive is called the faire causative. It translates to
"have something done by someone or cause something to be
done by someone," or "to cause someone to do something."
Je répare la voiture. I m fixing the car.
Jefais réparer la voiture. I m having the car fixed.
Il peint son appartement. He s painting his apartment.
Ilfait peindre son appartement. He s having his apartment
painted.
Le bébé mange. The baby is eating.
Ellefait manger le bébé. She s feeding the baby.
When replacing the object with a pronoun, the pronoun precedes
faire. And in past tenses, the past participle remains invariable.
Jela fais réparer. I m having it fixed.
Illeur a fait apprendre les verbes. He had them learn the verbs.
Illes leur a fait apprendre. He had them learn them.
Se faire + infinitive is usually translated as "to get" + (oneself) +
verb.
Tu vas te faire tuer. You re going to get yourself killed.
Il va se faire casser la gueule. He s going to break his neck.
Se faire soignersans se faire arrêter. Get treated/looked after
without getting arrested.
Évitez de vous faire piquer. Avoid getting stung.
94. Direct and Indirect Discourse[ mp3 - 594 KB ]
Direct discourse relates exactly what someone has said or written, using
quotation marks and the original wording. Indirect discourse relates
indirectly, without quotation marks, what someone has said or written.
It works the same way in French as it does in English.
Direct Discourse
Indirect Discourse
Main verb is presentIl medit: <<Je pars en vacances
et ma famille a loué une villa.>>
Il me dit qu il part en vacances et
que sa famille a loué une villa.
Main verb in past
Il m a dit: <<Je pars en vacances
et ma famille a loué une villa.>>
Il m a dit qu il partait en vacances et
que sa famille avait loué une villa.
Note that if the main verb is in the present tense, no tense
changes occur when using indirect discourse. However, if the
main verb is in a past tense, the following tense changes occur:
Present---> Imperfect
Passé Composé--> Pluperfect
The Imperfect and Pluperfect do not change. Remember to use
que to introduce each dependent clause, and adjust personal
pronouns and possessive adjectives.
In questions, the following (rather uncomplicated) changes occur:
1. Yes/no questions =si + declarative sentence
Je t ai demandé si tu avais faim.
2. Où, quand, comment, etc. = interrogative word + declarative
sentence
Il m a demandé à quelle heure j allais revenir.
3. Interrogative pronouns are a little trickier:
qui est-ce qui
qui est-ce que
qui
Il m a demandé qui était resté.
Elle m a demandé qui j avais vu.
qu est-ce qui
ce quiIls m ont demandé ce qui s était passé.
qu est-ce quece queElles m ont demandé ce que j avais dit.
95. Computers and Internet[ mp3 - 700 KB ]
computer
l ordinateur
scanner
le scanner
disk
la disquette
laptop
le portable
document
le document
internet
l internet
CD-ROM
le cédérom
internet user
l internaute
monitor
l écran
online
en-ligne
keyboard
le clavier
link
le lien
mouse
la souris
bookmark
le signet
printer
l imprimante
e-mail
le courriel / le mail
memo
la note de service
password
le mot de passe
fax machine
le télécopieur
search engine
le moteur de recherche
photocopier
la photocopieuse
chat room
la salle de tchatche
typewriter
la machine à écrire
bulletin board
le forum
software
le logiciel
homepage
la page d accueil
file
le dossier
website
le site
cabinet
le placard
web browswer
le navigateur
memory cardla carte mémoire
cable
le câble
USB key
la clé USB
DSL
l ADSL
external HD
le disque dur externe
sign on / off
se connecter / déconnecter
attachment
la pièce jointe
scroll up / down
dérouler le texte
attach
joindre
download
télécharger
French usesportable to refer to a laptop computer and a cell
phone.
96. Ne Explétif [ mp3 - 533 KB ]
Sometimes ne must be inserted in a phrase even when it is not
expressing the negative. (However, do not confuse the use ofne
explétif with the verbs that can exist in the negative with only
usingne andnotpas in formal, written language: cesser, daigner,
oser, pouvoir, savoir).
It is used 1) after certain conunctions: avant que, à moins que;
2) after expressions and verbs of fear: de crainte que, de peur
que, craindre que, avoir peur que, redouter que, trembler que,
empêcher que, éviter que; 3) before a verb that follows a
comparison of inequality: plus, moins, autre; and 4) after
adverbs of doubt and negation used in the negative to express a
positive idea.
Je sors ce soir à moins qu il ne pleuve. I ll go out this evening
unless it rains.
Il craint que tu ne sois fatigué après le voyage. He s afraid that
you ll be tired after the trip.
Nous sommes plus forts qu elle ne pense. We are stronger
than she thinks.
Je ne doute pas que vous ne fassiez des progrès. I don t doubt
that you are making progress.
97. Conditional Tenses: Present and Past[ mp3 - 1.21 MB ]
The present conditional tense corresponds to "would." It is used
after the imperfect in a conditional sentence. Most conditionals
sentences begin withsi (if). However, do not confuse the
conditionalwould with thewo uld that expresses a repeated action
in the past. Ifwo uld means used to, then the imperfect tense is
used. Another use of the conditional is in news reports to indicate
that the information is not confirmed.
Si j étais(imperfect) dans une autre famille, est-ce que je
serais(cond itional) plus heureuse ?If I were in another family,
would I be happier?
Quand nous étions(i mperfect) en vacances, nous dormions
(imperfect) jusqu à midi.When we were on vacation, we would
(used to) sleep until noon.
Un otage étranger serait mort en route pour l hôpital. A foreign
hostage (probably) died on the way to the hospital.
To form the conditional, use the infinitive and add the imperfect
endings. But remember to drop the -e on -re verbs.
-ais -ions
-ais -iez
-ait -aient
Also, you use the same irregular stems and exceptions for the
conditional that are used for the future tense. You may have
noticed that the future and conditional forms forje seem to be
pronounced the same. Actually, the future ending is pronounced
ay and the conditional like eh. However, it is difficult to
understand the differences in spoken French and most people
pronounce them the same anyway.
The past conditional is formed by using the conditional of avoir or
être and a past participle. It corresponds to "would have" and is
used in hypothetical sentences.
Il n aurait jamais dit ça !He would have neversaid that !
If... sentences
When si (if) is used in sentences of condition, the verb tenses
change. These pretty much correspond to English usage.
1.Si + present tense + present, imperative, or future
Si je suis fatiguée, je me repose.If I m tired, I rest.
Repose-toi si tu es fatigué. Rest if you re tired.
Si je suis fatigué demain, je me reposerai.If I am tired
tomorrow, I will rest.
2.Si + imperfect + present conditional
Si j étais riche, je pourrais acheter un château.If I were rich, I
would buy a castle.
Il deviendrait roi s il avait plus de courage.He would become
king if he had more courage.
3.Si + pluperfect + past conditional
Si j avais su, j aurais compris.If I had known, I would have
understood.
It is possible to have past conditional with the imperfect, and it is
also possible to have present conditional with pluperfect.
However, you can never have the future or conditional tenses
directly following si. They must be in the other clause.
Translating Would, Could, Should
In general, you use the conditional tense of a verb to express
would + infinitive, such as je dirais - I would say. Again, make
sure to use the imperfect of the verb if you re referring to repeated
actions in the past (i.e. used to). You can also use the conditional
of pouvoir to meancou ld, as long as the meaning is something
that is yet to happen. Il pourrait m aider. He could help me.
Otherwise, you use the imperfect or passé composé to mean
could if you re referring to the past of can (i.e. was/were not able
to). Elle ne pouvait pas s arrêter de rire. She couldn t stop
laughing. Should is usually translated by using the conditional of
devoir. Tu ne devrais pas dire ça. You shouldn t say that. For
would have, could haveand should have, you use the past
conditional of the verb, past conditional of pouvoir + infinitive, and
past conditional of devoir + infinitive, respectively. Just remember
that would and would have are not followed by infinitives in
French.
would
conditional of verb
il dirait
he would say
could
conditional of pouvoir + infinitive
il pourrait dire
he could say
should
conditional of devoir + infinitive
il devrait dire
he should say
would have
past conditional of verb
il aurait dit
he would have said
could have
past conditional of pouvoir + infinitive
il aurait pu dire
he could have said
should have
past conditional of devoir + infinitive
il aurait dû dire
he should have said
"You shouldn t have" or "that wasn t necessary" when someone
gives you a gift is il ne fallait pas.
98. Parts of a Car / At the Gas Station[ mp3 - 1.27 MB ]
horn
le klaxon
directional signalle clignotant
hood
le capot
license plate
la plaque d immatriculation
brake
le frein
brake light (on
car)
le stop
steering wheel
le volant
car
la voiture
windshield
wipers
les essuie-glaces
window
la vitre
dashboard
le tableau de bord
door
la portière
accelerator
l accélérateur
gas tank
le réservoir
headlights
les phares
wheel
la roue
windshield
le pare-brise
tire
le pneu
motor
le moteur
bumper
le pare-chocs
trunk
le coffre
fender
l aile
body (of car)
la carrosserie
door handle
la poignée de portière
driver s license
le permis de
conduire
air conditioning
la climatisation
gasoline
l essence
heater
le chauffage
traffic lights
les feux
battery
la batterie
oil
l huile
gas cap
le bouchon de réservoir
d essence
hubcap
l enjoliveur
gas pump
la pompe à essence
air hose
la pompe à air
The most common types of cars in France are Peugeot, Clio,
Renault, and Fiat, and the majority are manual drive. Automatic
cars in Europe are generally reserved for handicapped people.
The driving age in France is 18, and young drivers who have just
gotten their licenses have a red A sticker on their car.
99. To Drive[ mp3 - 312 KB ]
Conduire-to drive(kohn-dweer)
conduiskohn-dwee conduisonskohn-dwee-zohn
conduiskohn-dwee conduisezkohn-dwee-zay
conduitkohn-dwee conduisentkohn-dweez
The past participle of conduire iscond uit. Other verbs
conjugated like conduire are:traduire - to translate,produire - to
produce, andconstruire - to construct.
100. Travelling / At the Airport[ mp3 - 1.22 MB ]
suitcase
la valise
vah-leez
clothes
les vêtements
vet-mawn
passport
le passeport
pahss-por
diary
le journal
zhoor-nal
traveler s checks
les chèques de voyage
zheck duh voy-ahzh
dictionary
le dictionnaire
deek-see-ohn-nair
flight
le vol
vohl
baggage
les bagages
bah-gazh
Euro
l euro
uh-roh
bill
le billet
bee-yay
coin
la pièce
pee-ess
change
la monnaie
moh-nay
cent
le centime
sawn-teem
arrival
l arrivée
lah-ree-vay
departure
le départ
luh day-pahr
Where is/are...
Où est / Où sont...
oo ay/sohnt
currency exchangele bureau de change
bur-oh duh shahnzh
passport check
le contrôle des passeportscon-trol duh pahss-por
customs
la douane
doo-awn
entrance
l entrée
lawn-tray
lost and found
les objets trouvés
lay zob-zhay troo-vay
information
les renseignements
rawn-sain-yuh-mawn
exit
la sortie
sore-tee
taxi stand
les taxis
tahks-ee
restroom
les toilettes
twah-lett
Note:When asking Where is/are..., Où est is the singular form
and Où sont is the plural form, even if it s singular in English.
Where is the entrance? would be Où est l entrée ? and Where is
the lost and found? would be Où sont les objets trouvés ?
Directional Words
right there
juste là
zhoost lah
across fromen face deawn fawz duh
here
ici
ee-see
between
entre
awn-truh
over there
là-bas
lah bah
next to
à côté de
ah koh-tay duh
to the right of
à droite de
ah dwaht duhnear
près de
preh duh
to the left of
à gauche deah gohsh duhfar (from)
loin de
lwahn duh
straight aheadtout droit
too dwah
at the end ofau fond deoh fohn duh
in front of
devant
duh-vawn
at the top ofen haut deawn oh duh
behind
derrière
dare-ee-air
101. Camping [ mp3 - 736 KB ]
camping
le camping
axe
la hache
shelter
l abri (m)
stump
la souche
tent
la tente
canteen
le bidon
spike
la sardine
hammockle hamac
sleeping bagle sac de couchage backpackle sac à dos
flashlight
la lampe torche
path
le chemin / le sentier
lantern
la lanterne
bench
le banc
torch
le flambeau
rock
le rocher
compass
la boussole
stone
la pierre
map
la carte
pebble
le caillou
binoculars
les jumelles (f)
canoe
le canoë
campfire
le feu de camp
oar
la pagaie
102. Special Uses of Devoir[ mp3 - 430 KB ]
Devoir is one of the trickiest verbs to translate and use in French. The
following is a list of the different meanings of devoir used in various
tenses.
Present Tensemust, have to
probably
Jedois étudier.
Ildoit être malade.
I must (have to) study.
He s probably sick.
Passé Composéhad to (and did),
must have
Il a dû partir.
He had to leave.
Imperfect
was supposed
to,
used to have to
Elledevait chanter ce soir.She was supposed to sing
tonight.
Future
will have to
Tudevras payer l argent. You will have to pay money.
Conditional
should
Vousdevriez manger les
fruits.
You should eat fruits.
Past Conditionalshould have
Ils auraient dû jouer.
They should have played.
In the present tense, you can also express I am supposed to with
Je suis censé + infinitive. To express you don t have to instead of
you must not, use vous n’êtes pas obligé de instead of vous ne
devez pasor il ne faut pas.
103. Cosmetics / Toiletries[ mp3 - 997 KB ]
thbrush
la brosse à dents
hair spray
la laque
blush
le blush
thpaste
le dentifrice
hair dryer
le sèche-cheveux
foundation
le fond de teint
tal floss
le fil dentaire
nail polish
le vernis à ongles
eye liner
l eye liner
r brush
la brosse
mascara
le mascara
eye shadow
l ombre à paupières
b
le peigne
lipstick
le rouge à lèvres
bubble bath
le bain moussant
mpoo
le shampooing
powder
la poudre
shower gel
le gel douche
ling iron
le fer à friser
soap
le savon
deodorant
le déodorant
ving cream
la crème à raser
makeup
le maquillage
lotion
la lotion / la crème
or
le rasoir
perfume
le parfum
pads
les serviettes hygiéniques
usse
la mousse
cologne
l eau de Cologne
tampons
les tampons
104. Medicine and Hospital [ mp3 - 1.18 MB ]
AIDS
le sida
food poisoningl intoxication alimentaire (f)
ambulancel ambulance (f)
hospital
l hôpital (m)
anestheticl anésthésie (f)
infection
l infection (f)
antidote
l antidote
intensive carela réanimation
bandage
le bandage
medecine
la médecine
band-aid
le pansement
medication
le médicament
cancer
le cancer
nurse
l infirmier (m)
cane
la canne
pills
les cachets (m)
capsule
la capsule
pneumonia
la pneumonie
cast
le plâtre
poison
le poison
chicken poxla varicelle
sling
l écharpe (f)
cold
le rhume
stethoscope
le stéthoscope
crutches
les béquilles (f)
stretcher
la civière
cure
le remède
surgeon
le chirurgien
diabetes
le diabète
surgery
la chirurgie
diagnosis
le diagnostic
syringe
la seringue
disease
la maladie
tablet
le comprimé
doctor
le médecin
tumor
la tumeur
first aid kitla trousse de secours wheelchair
le fauteuil roulant
flu
la grippe
X-ray
la radio
105. Present Participle[ mp3 - 163 KB ]
Present participles can be used as adjectives, as verbs, or like a
qui clause. When an adjective, it agrees with the noun it
modifies. When it functions as a verb, it is invariable. Preceded
byen, (equivalent to while, by, upon or in), it corresponds to the
English -ing gerund form. Used withouten, the present participle
can act like a qui clause. To form this participle, drops the -ons
ending of the nous form in the present tense and add -ant. (There
are only three irregular present participles: ayant, étant, sachant -
having, being, knowing.)
Je me suis cassé le poignet en tombant. I broke my wrist by
falling.
C est en forgeant que l on devient forgeron. Practice makes
perfect.
Ce restaurant ne propose pas d eau pétillante. This restaurant
doesn t serve sparkling water.
106. Abbreviations[ mp3 - 1.07 MB ]
In everyday speech, it is common to shorten some words:
advertisement
la publicité
la pub
afternoon
l après-midi
l aprèm
apartment
l appartement
l apparte
car
l automobile
l auto
cinema
le cinéma
le ciné
college
la faculté
la fac
demonstration
la manifestationle manif
dictionary
le dictionnaire
le dico
drink before dinner l apéritif
l apéro
extraordinary
extraordinaire
extra
friendly
sympathique
sympa
have a good meal bon appétit
bon app
intellectual
intellectuel
intello
laboratory
le laboratoire
le labo
microphone
le microphone
le micro
owner
le propriétaire
le proprio
photography
la photographiela photo
raincoat
l imperméable
l imper
slide
la diapositive
la diapo
soccer
le football
le foot
television
la télévision
la télé
terrific
sensationnel
sensas
usually
d habitude
d hab
107. Past Infinitive[ mp3 - 533 KB ]
The past infinitive is used to express something that has already
happened. Verbs such as s excuser, regretter, and remercier are
often used in this tense. It is formed with the infinitive of the
auxiliary verb (avoir or être) and the past participle of the main
verb. And the past participle can have agreement as well, with
either the subject or the object, depending on the sentence.
Whenever après is followed by a verb, it is always a past infinitive.
And note that negative expressions precede an infinitive.
Je vous remercie d être venus.
I thank you for coming (or having come.)
Excusez-moi d être arrivé(e) en retard.
Excuse me for arriving (or having arrived) late.
Après avoir fini mes études, je veux
devenir professeur.
After finishing (or having finished) my studies,
I want to become a teacher.
Elle regrette de ne pas avoir posé de
questions.
She regrets not asking (or having asked) any
questions.
108. In the Ocean[ mp3 - 845 KB ]
barnacle
la bernacle
crab
le crabe
bubble
la bulle
fish hook
le hameçon
wet suit
la combinaison de plongéemask
le masque
fishing linela ligne de pêche
scuba diver
le plongeur sous-marin
jellyfish
la méduse
sand
le sable
flipper
la palme
treasure chestle trésor
clam
la palourde
snorkel
le tuba
wave
la vague
shipwreck
l épave
anchor
l ancre
seaweed
les algues
oxygen tankle ballon d oxygène
starfish
l étoile de mer
seashell
le coquillage
sea horse
l hippocampe
coral
le corail
sea urchin
l oursin
helm
la barre
109. To Die[ mp3 - 233 KB ]
Mourir-to die(moo-reer)
meursmuhr mouronsmoo-rohn
meursmuhr mourezmoo-ray
meurtmuhr meurentmuhr
The past participle is: mort / morte and it is conjugated with être.
You will most likely use this verb in the past tense, but it is used in
some present tense sayings.
Je meurs de faim ! I m dying of hunger / I m starving!
110. In Space[ mp3 - 1.01 MB ]
alien
l extra-terrestre (m)
nebula
la nébuleuse
asteroid
l astéroïde (m)
planet
la planète
astronaut
l astronaute (m)
rings
les anneaux
beaker
le gobelet
robot
le robot / l automate
comet
la comète
rocket
la fusée interplanétaire
constellation
la constellation
satellite
le satellite
control panel
le tableau de bord
solar panelle panneau solaire
crater
le cratère
solar systemle système solaire
Earth
la terre
space shuttlela navette spatiale
galaxy
la galaxie
space stationla station spatiale
laboratory
le laboratoire
space suit
le scaphandre de cosmonaute
landing capsulela capsule d atterrissage spaceship
la soucoupe volante
lunar rover
la jeep lunaire
star
l étoile (f)
meteor showerla pluie de météores
sun
le soleil
moon
la lune
test tube
l éprouvette (f)
111. Possessive Pronouns[ mp3 - 846 KB ]
Possessive pronouns replace nouns used with possessive
adjectives. They agree in gender and number with noun they
replace as well.
Singular
Plural
Masc. Fem.
Masc.
Fem.
mine
le mien la mienne les miens les miennes
yours
le tien la tienne les tiens les tiennes
his/hers/itsle sien la sienne les siens les siennes
ours
le nôtre la nôtre les nôtres les nôtres
yours
le vôtre la vôtre
les vôtres les vôtres
theirs
le leur la leur
les leurs les leurs
C est ma pomme. Voilà la tienne. That s my apple. Here s
yours.
Il a son sac. Elle a le sien. He has his bag. She has hers.
C est le mien, pas le tien ! That s mine, not yours!
Ils aiment leur voiture. Nous aimons la nôtre. They like their car.
We like ours.
112. Simple Past Tense[ mp3 - 3.71 MB ]
The simple past tense is used in works of literature in place of the
passé composé and is very rarely spoken. You most likely will
never need to form this tense, but you should be able to recognize
it for reading purposes. Add the following endings to the stem:
-er
-ir / -re
-ai -âmes -is -îmes
-as -âtes
-is -îtes
-a -èrent -it -irent
Irregular verbs that follow a pattern: Some verbs use their past
participle as a stem, and then add endings for the simple past. In
this case, the six endings are -s, -s, -t, -^mes, -^tes, -rent.
avoir
croire
lire
dire
dormir
devoir
recevoir
vivre
eu
s
eûme
crus crûme
s
lus lûmes disdîme
s
dormi
s
dormîm
es
du
s
dûme
reçu
s
reçûm
es
vécu
vécûm
es
s
s
s
eu
s
eûte
s
crus crûtes lus lûtes dis dîtesdormi
s
dormîte
s
du
s
dûte
s
reçu
s
reçûte
s
vécu
s
vécûte
s
euteure
nt
crutcruren
t
lut lurent ditdiren
t
dormi
t
dormire
nt
du
t
dure
nt
reçu
t
reçure
nt
vécut
vécure
nt
prendre
sortir
vouloir
mettre
connaître
savoir
pouvoir
pris
prîm
es
sorti
s
sortîm
es
voul
us
voulûm
es
mi
s
mîmes
conn
us
connûm
es
su
s
sûme
s
pus pûmes
pris
prîte
s
sorti
s
sortîte
s
voul
us
voulûte
s
mi
s
mîte
s
conn
us
connûte
s
su
s
sûte
s
pus pûtes
pritprire
nt
sorti
t
sortire
nt
voul
ut
voulure
nt
mi
t
mire
nt
conn
ut
connur
ent
sutsure
nt
put purent
Other verbs do not use their past participles as stems (but they
still take the same endings), so you should memorize these forms.
être
faire
écrire
venir
voir
conduire
fus
fûmes fis
fîmesécrivi
s
écrivîm
es
vins vînmes vis vîmesconduis
is
conduisîm
es
fus
fûtes
fis
fîtes
écrivi
s
écrivîte
s
vins vîntes vis vîtesconduis
is
conduisîte
s
fut
furent fit
firentécrivi
t
écrivire
nt
vint vinrent vit virentconduis
it
conduisire
nt
mourir
naître
ouvrir
craindre
battre
mouru
s
mourûm
es
naqui
s
naquîm
es
ouvri
s
ouvrîm
es
craign
is
craignîm
es
batti
s
battîm
es
mouru
s
mourûte
s
naqui
s
naquîte
s
ouvri
s
ouvrîtescraign
is
craignîte
s
batti
s
battîte
s
mouru
t
mourure
nt
naqui
t
naquire
nt
ouvri
t
ouvrire
nt
craign
it
craignire
nt
batti
t
battire
nt
113. Make-Believe / Fantasy[ mp3 - 1.81 MB ]
archer
l archer (m)
fairy
la fée
moat
les douves (f)
armor
l armure
fantasy
la fantasie
monster
le monstre
arrow
la flèche
fork
la fourche
mummy
la momie
ax
la hache
genie
le génie
pillory
le pilori
bow
l arc (m)
ghost
le fantôme
pirate
le pirate
cackle
ricaner
giant
le géant
prince
le prince
castle
le château
grave
la tombe
princess
la princesse
cauldron
le chaudron
haunted
la maison
queen
la reine
house
hantée
caveman
l homme des
cavernes (m)
headstone
la pierre
tombale
scarecrowl épouvantail
(m)
cemetery
le cimetière
hobgoblin
le lutin
shield
le bouclier
coffin
le cercueil
humpback
le bossu
spear
la lance
crown
la couronne
jester
le fou
squire
l écuyer (m)
demon
le démon
king
le roi
sword
l épée (f)
devil
le diable
knight
le chevalier
throne
le trône
dragon
le dragon
lamp
la lampe
tower
la tour
drawbridgele pont-levis
lance
la lance
troubadourle troubadour
dungeon
le donjon
magic wandla baguette
magique
unicorn
la licorne
dwarf
le nain
mermaid
la sirène
witch
la sorcière
elf
le lutin
minstrel
le ménestrel
wizard
le sorcier
executionerle bourreau
moan
gémir
zombie
le mort vivant
114. Religion [ mp3 - 1.64 MB ]
altar
l autel (m)
Judaism
le judaïsme
angel
l ange (m)
mass
la messe
baptism
le baptême
minaret
le minaret
bell
la cloche
monastery
le monastère
Bible
la Bible
mosque
la mosquée
bishop
l évêque (m)
munk
le moine
bliss
la béatitude
Muslim
le musulman
Buddhism
le bouddhisme
nun
la religieuse / bonne sœur
candle
le cierge
organ
l orgue (m)
cathedral
la cathédrale
pillar
le pilier
choir
la chorale
Pope
le pape
Christian
le chrétien
prayer
la prière
Christianity
le chrétienté
priest
le prêtre
church
l église
prophet
le prophète
convent
le couvent
Protestant
le protestant
cross
la croix
religion
la religion
dome
la coupole
reverend
le curé
faith
la foi
rosary
le chapelet
fast
le jeûne
saint
le saint
God
le Dieu
sermon
le sermon
gold ring
l auréole (f)
sin
le pêché
Gospel
l Evangile (m)
suffering
la souffrance
heaven
le ciel / le paradis
temple
le temple
hell
l enfer (m)
torture
le supplice
Islam
l islam (m)
vow
le vœu
Jew
le juif / la juive
worship/service
le culte
115. Music and Art [ mp3 - 1.93 MB ]
accordion
l accordéon (m)
xylophonele xylophone
bagpipe
la cornemuse
acteur
l acteur
band
la bande
actress
l actrice
bass clef
la clef de fa
applaud
les applaudissements (m)
conductor
le chef d orchestreart
l art (m)
conductor s stickle bâton
audiencele public
drum
le tambour
boo
la huée (f)
drumstick
la baguette
bust
le buste
flute
la flûte
canvas
la toile
French horn
le cor d harmonie
director
le metteur en scène
guitar
la guitare
easel
le chevalet
guitar strings
les cordes (f)
film
le film
harp
la harpe (f)
film bob
la bobine
horns
les cors (m)
frame
le cadre
keyboard
le synthétiseur
light
le projecteur
music
la musique
mask
le masque
music stand
le pupitre à musiquemodel
le modèle
orchestra
l orchestre (m)
museumle musée
piano
le piano
paint
la peinture
piano keys
les touches (f)
paintbrushle pinceau
saxophone
le saxophone
painter
le peintre
sheet music
la partition
painting
le tableau
tambourine
le tambourin
pallette
la palette
treble clef
la clef de sol
pedastelle piédestal
trombone
le trombone
projectorle projecteur
trumpet
la trompette
screen
l écran (m)
tuba
le tuba
sculptor
le sculpteur
tuning fork
le diapason
stage
la scène
viola
le violoncelle
star
la vedette, la star
violin
le violon
statue
la statue
violin bow
l archet (m)
tickets
les billets (m)
116.Ac quérir - to acquire andrésoudre - to resolve [ mp3 - 451
KB]
acquérir - to acquire résoudre - to resolve
acquiers acquérons résous
résolvons
acquiers acquérez résous
résolvez
acquiert acquièrent résout
résolvent
The past participles areacquis andrésolu, and both verbs are
conjugated with avoir.
117. Imperfect and Past Subjunctive [ mp3 - 708 KB ]
The subjunctive in past tenses is not used very often in French in
everyday speech, but grammatically, it should be used if the verb
in the main clause is in the past tense. The imperfect subjunctive
is formed from the simple past, while the the past and pluperfect
subjunctive forms are composed of two elements: the present
subjunctive of avoir or être + past participle for the past
subjunctive and the imperfect subjunctive of the avoir or être +
past participle for the pluperfect subjunctive.
Use the il/elle form of the simple past to form the imperfect
subjunctive endings. Sometimes, the only difference between the
il/elle forms of the simple past and the imperfect subjunctive is the
circumflex for the imperfect subjunctive.
avoir
être
couper
finir
lire
tenir
Use the simple past to form the stems
il eut
il fut
il coupa
il finit
il lut
il tint
Imperfect Subjunctive
eusse
fusse
coupasse
finisse
lusse
tinsse
eusses fusses coupasses finisses lusses tinsses
eût
fût
coupât
finît
lût
tînt
eussions fussions coupassions finissions lussions tinssions
eussiez fussiez coupassiez finissiez lussiez tinssiez
eussent fussent coupassent finissent lussent tinssent
118. Translating Phrasal Verbs: English to French
Most English phrasal verbs translate as one verb without any
prepositions or adverbs in French. Make sure to pay attention to
the correct meaning of the phrasal verb in English, however,
before deciding on the correct French translation.
add up
additionner
make up
inventer / se réconcilier
back up
soutenir / sauvegarder
make up forcompenser / rattraper
beat up
tabasser
mess
around
faire l imbécile / s amuser / toucher
à
bend downse baisser
mess up
mettre en désordre / gâcher /
bâcler
bend overse pencher
miss out
omettre / sauter
blow out
souffler
miss out onlaisser passer / louper
blow up
gonfler / sauter / faire sautermix up
confondre / embrouiller / mélanger
break downtomber en panne / enfoncer mouth off
se vanter / parler à tort et à travers
break in
entrer par effraction
move
forward
avancer
break up
rompre / se terminer
move in
emménager
breathe ininspirer
move off
se mettre en route
breathe outexpirer
move out
déménager
brighten ups éclaircir / se dégager
move overse pousser
bring backrapporter / ramener
muddle upmélanger / embrouiller
bring up
élever / soulever
note downnoter
bump intorentrer dans / renconter par
hasard
own up
avouer
burst into
éclater / fondre (en larmes)
part with
se séparer de
call back
rappeler
pass for
se faire passer pour
call off
annuler
pass on
transmettre
call on
rendre visite à
pass out
s évanouir / distribuer
call roundpasser
pay back
rembourser
calm downse calmer
pay for
payer
care aboutse soucier de
peel off
détacher
care for
s occuper de / aimer
phone backrappeler
carry on
continuer
pick on
s en prendre à / harceler
catch up
rattraper
pick up
ramasser / chercher / apprendre /
draguer
chase aftercourir après
pile up
s entasser / s empiler / s accumuler
chase awaychasser
plug in
brancher
check in
se présenter à
l enregistrement / la réceptionpoint out
montrer / faire remarquer
check outrégler sa note / regarder
pop in
passer
check overvérifier / examiner
pull aheadprendre la tête
cheer up
remonter le moral à /
retrouver le moral
pull downdémolir / baisser
chop downabattre
pull in
s arrêter
clean up
nettoyer
pull out
arracher / retirer
clear off
dégager / filer
pull over
se ranger / se garer sur la côté
clear out
vider
pull throughs en sortir
clear up
ranger / s éclaircir
pull
together
faire un effort
climb downdescendre
pull up
remonter / s arrêter
climb overpasser par-dessus
pump up
gonfler
climb up
monter
push in
resquiller
cloud overse couvrir / s assombrir
put away
ranger
come
venir / reprendre
put back
remettre
around
connaissance
come backrevenir
put down
poser
come downdescendre / baisser
put off
remettre à plus tard / dissuader /
dégoûter / déranger / éteindre
come in
entrer
put on
mettre / allumer / prendre / monter /
faire marcher
come off
se détacher
put out
éteindre / tendre / sortir / déranger
come out
sortir / partir
put togethermonter
come overvenir
put up
ériger / monter / mettre / augmenter
/ héberger
come to
reprendre connaissance
put up withsupporter
come up
monter / soulever / être
soulevé
reach out
tendre la main
come up toarriver à / s approcher de
read out
lire à haute voix
come up
with
proposer / suggérer
read up onparcourir / lire en entier
cool downrefroidir / refraîchir
rely on
compter sur
cross off
rayer
ring back
rappeler
cross out
barrer
ring up
appeler / téléphoner à
cross overtraverser
roll up
rouler / retrousser
cry out
pousser un cri
rub out
effacer
cut off
couper
rule out
exclure
cut out
découper
run away
s enfuir
deal with
s occuper de / traiter de
run out
s épuiser
dig up
déterrer
run over
renverser / écraser
do away
with
se débarasser / supprimer
save up
mettre de l argent de côté
do up
fermer / attacher / boutonner /
retaper
scare awayfaire fuir / effrayer
do withoutse passer de
search forchercher
dress up
se déguiser / s habiller
see off
dire au revoir à
drop by
passer
see to
s occuper de
drop off
déposer / laisser
send backrenvoyer
end up
finir / se retrouver
send for
appeler / faire venir
face up tofaire face à
send off
expulser
fall apart
s effondrer
set off
partir / se mettre en route / faire
partir / faire exploser / déclencher
fall down
tomber
set out
partir / se mettre en route
fall off
tomber
set up
créer / installer / monter
fall out
tomber / se brouiller
settle downse calmer / s installer
fall over
tomber / trébucher sur
show off
frimer
fight backse défendre
show up
arriver
figure out
comprendre / calculer
shut up
se taire
fill in
remplir / boucher
sit down
s asseoir
fill out
remplir
slave awaytrimer
fill up
remplir
sleep in
faire la grasse matinée
find out
se renseigner / découvrir
sleep overpasser la nuit chez quelqu un
finish off
terminer / finir
slip off
filer / s éclipser
flick off
éteindre
slow downralentir
flick on
allumer
sort out
ranger / régler / s occuper de
flip throughfeuilleter
speak outparler en faveur / défendre
fly away
s envoler
speed up
aller plus vite
get away
s échapper / partir / s en allerspin around tourner / se retourner
get back
rentrer / récuperer / reculer
split up
se séparer
get down
descendre
spread outse disperser
get in
entrer / monter dans
stand for
vouloir dire / tolérer
get off
descendre (de)
stand out
ressortir
get on
monter dans / s entendre
stand up
se lever
get out
sortir / descendre
stand up fordéfendre
get up
se lever
start off/outpartir
give in
céder
stay awayne pas s approcher
give out
distribuer
stay in
rester chez soi
give up
abandonner / arrêter
stay out
ne pas rentrer
go away
partir
stay up
ne pas se coucher
go back
retourner / rentrer
step
forward
avancer
go down
descendre / baisser
stick out
dépasser / tirer
go in
entrer
stretch outtendre / allonger / s allonger
go off
exploser / sonner / partir /
tourner
sum up
résumer
go on
continuer / se passer
swell up
enfler / gonfler
go out
sortir / s éteindre
switch off
éteindre / arrêter
go under
couler
switch on
allumer / mettre en marche
go up
monter / augmenter
take after
tenir de
go withoutse passer de
take apartdémonter
grow up
grandir
take asideprendre à part
hand in
rendre
take awayenlever / emporter / emmener
hand out
distribuer
take backrapporter
hand overremettre / céder
take downdémonter / enlever / noter
hang on
attendre
take off
décoller / enlever
hang out
fréquenter / traîner
take on
embaucher / prendre
hang up
accrocher / suspendre /
raccrocher
take out
sortir / retirer
head for
se diriger vers
take over
remplacer / prendre la relève
hear fromavoir des nouvelles de
take up
se mettre à / prendre
hear of
entendre parler de
talk throughexpliquer / prévenir
heat up
faire réchauffer / (faire)
chauffer
tear downdémolir
help out
venir en aide
tear out
arracher
hold on
attendre / s accrocher
tear up
déchirer
hold out
tendre
tell off
gronder
hold up
lever / retarder / attaquer
think aboutpenser à / penser de / réfléchir à
hurry up
se dépêcher
think of
penser de
join in
participer (à)
throw awayjeter
jump in
sauter dedans / plonger
throw out
jeter / mettre à la porte
keep out
ne pas entrer dans
throw up
vomir
keep up
suivre / continuer
tidy up
ranger
knock downrenverser
tie up
ficeler / attacher
knock outassommer / éliminer
tip off
prévenir / avertir
knock overrenverser
tip over
renverser / se renverser
know aboutêtre au courant de / s y
connaître en
toss
away/out
jeter
laugh at
se moquer de
track downretrouver
lean over
se pencher
try on/out
essayer
leave asidelaisser de côté
turn aroundse retourner / faire demi-tour /
tourner (dans l autre sens)
leave out
oublier
turn back
faire demi-tour
let down
laisser tomber
turn downrejeter / baisser
let in
faire entrer / laisser entrer
turn into
changer en / transformer en / se
transformer en
let off
ne pas punir / faire partir, tirerturn off
éteindre
lie down
s allonger / se coucher
turn on
allumer
lift off
décoller
turn over
retourner / se retourner
line up
faire la queue
turn up
mettre plus fort / venir / arriver
lock in
enfermer
wait for
attendre
lock out
enfermer dehors
wake up
réveiller / se réveiller
log in/on
se connecter
walk out
partir
look after
s occuper de
warm up
réchauffer / faire réchauffer / se
réchauffer / s échauffer
look at
regarder
wash up
faire la vaisselle (UK) / se laver
(US)
look downbaisser les yeux
watch outfaire attention
look down
on
regarder de haut
wear out
user / s user / épuiser
look for
chercher
weigh downalourdir
look
forward toattendre avec impatience
well up
avoir les larmes aux yeux
look out
faire attention
wind up
se retrouver / se terminer /
remonter
look out forchercher / s occuper de
wipe up
essuyer
look roundse retourner / regarder /
visiter
work out
trouver / résoudre / calculer /
comprendre / se passer / faire de
l exercice
look up
lever les yeux / chercher
wrap up
emballer / envelopper / récapituler /
se couvrir
look up toadmirer
write backrépondre
make out
déchiffrer / comprendre /
prétendre
write downnoter
119. Other Translation Difficulties: English to French
be getting / going +
adjective
devenir + adjective
let somebody
know
faire savoir
do nothing but
ne faire que
let s just hope thatpourvu que
forgive somebody for V-
ing
excuser quelqu un de +
infinitive
let s V / how about
we V?
Et si on...?
get oneself + past
participle
se faire + infinitive
may / might
il se peut / pourrait
que
how come...?
comment se fait-il que...?may...
puisse...
however / no matter
(much)
avoir beau
no matter
peu importe
I can t help V-ing
Je ne peux pas
m empêcher de + infinitiveno sooner...
n avoir pas si tôt
I hate/loathe/can t stand
V-ing
J ai horreur de + infinitivesee to it that
veiller à ce que
I miss + V-ing
ça me manque de ne passo far
jusqu à présent
I was going to / I had
planned to
J avais prévu de
The way + subject
+ verb
La façon dont +
subject + verb
I wish (regret)
Je regrette de ne pas
There is no + V-
ing
Il n y a pas de moyen
de
I wish + imperfect
si seulement + imperfectThere/it happens
to
Il se trouve que
I wish + past perfect
J aurais aimé que +
subjunctive
to sit, stand, lie
être assis, debout,
allongé
I d rather that
J aimerais mieux que +
subjunctive
What / How about
+ V-ing?
Que dirais tu de +
infinitive ?
In order (not) to
dans le but de (ne pas) +
infinitive
What if?
et si?
It s about time
il serait grand temps
whatever
quel que soit
it s no use / you needn til est inutile que
whatever
quoi que
It s typical of him/her
ça lui ressemble
whenever
chaque fois
It s usual for
il est d usage que
wherever
où que + subjunctive
just because... doesn t
mean
le simple fait que... ne veut
pas dire
Whether you like it
or not
Que ça te plaise ou
non.
keep on V-ing
ne cesser pas de +
infinitive
whoever
quiconque
let (permission)
Que + subjunctive
You just have to +
infinitive
Tu n as qu à +
infinitive
120. Quebecois French
Differences in vocabulary:
Quebec
France
Quebec
France
l arrêt
le stop
achaler / gosser quelqu un
embêter quelqu un
un breuvage
une boisson
asteure
à cette heure
une broue
une bière
avoir les yeux dans la
graisse de binnes
avoir l air fatigué
des bébelles
des jouets
bienvenu
de rien
un bécyque
une bicyclette
brailler
piquer une crise
des bidoux / du
foin
de l argent
ça adonne bein
ça tombe bien
un bleuet
une myrtille
ça pas d allure
ça n a aucun sens
ma blonde
ma petite amie
ça pas de tes affaires
ça ne te regarde pas
une buanderie
une blanchisseriecâlisser une volée
donner une raclée
une calotte
une casquette
c est dispendieux
c est cher
une cannebergeune airelle
c est pas fort
c est pas terrible
un char
une automobile
chauffer
conduire un véhicule
une chicane
une dispute
débarquer (d un char)
descendre (d une voiture)
le déjeuner
le petit déjeuner
embarquer (dans un char)
monter (dans une
voiture)
un dépanneur
un petit magasinêtre tanné
en avoir marre
le dîner
le déjeuner
faire dur
avoir mauvaise mine
la fin de semainele week-end
faire la baboune
bouder
un frigidaire
un réfrigérateur
faire son épicerie
faire ses courses
la gang
la bande d amis
il mouille
il pleut
une guenille
un chiffon
jaser
causer / bavarder
la job
le boulot
magasiner
se promener dans les
magasins
une joke
une blague
marquer
inscrire / noter
une lampe de
poche
une lampe-torchemaudit niaiseux !
espèce de crétin !
une laveuse
une machine à
laver
minoucher
caresser
un melon d eauun pastèque
pantoute
pas du tout
un minou
un chat
pogner
attraper / tripoter / avoir
du succès
le nettoyeur
le pressing
prendre une marche
faire une promenade à
pied
une patente
une chose
présentement
maintenant
une piastre
un dollar
sacrer son camp
ficher le camp
un pitou
un chien
se câler (une pizza / un taxi)commander / appeler
une sécheuse
une machine à
sécher
tabernacle / tabarnak !
zut !
le souper
le dîner
tiguidou
c est d accord
la tabagie
le tabac
tu es fin
tu es gentil
une vadrouille
une serpillière
y a du monde à la messe
il y a foule
Differences in pronunciation:
1. An affrication of the consonants "t" and "d" before the vowels
"u" and "i." For example, "tu es parti" is pronounced "tsu es
partsi."
2. There is a reduction of the pronoun "il" to"y": Y est malade, Y a
pas le temps; as well as a reduction of "elle" to "a" ("elle a"
becomes "aa"): Aa pas le temps, aa mal au dos.
3. "Chu" is a contraction for"je suis": Chu fatigué, chu en retard.
4. A "t" sound still exists in the expressions: "il fait frette" (froid),
"mon litte" (lit), "viens icitte" (ici). And the old pronunciation for the
"oi" sound (as oé) is still used sometimes, though wâ is more
common: "moi" and "Québécois" are pronounced "moé" and
"Québécoés" or "mwâ" and "Québécwâ."
5. "Tu" is often added after questions: Il en veut-tu ? Tu
m écoutes-tu ? Je l ai-tu ?
6. Many people end their statements with: T sais ? (a reduction of:
tu sais)
7. The verb pogner is a very popular word with several
translations: to catch, to get, to grab, to be successful, to come, to
get caught, to take, to be stuck, etc.
Quossé qui t pogne, toi? What s going on with you?
Arrête de pogner les nerfs. Stop getting worked up.
Some examples of Anglicisms used in Quebec:
Bummer, spinner, slaquer, kiquer, faker, domper, puncher, backer,
rusher, spotter, tripper, checker, avoir un good time, être cheap,
être opène, faire son show, etc.
[French VII Zip file of mp3s - 30.36 MB ]
Confusions [ mp3 - 424 KB ]
The following are sentences that initially confused me because I
was translating them literally into English.
C est pas du français. It s not grammatically correct, formal
French. [not the French language in general]
La Norvège n est pas en Europe. Norway is not in the European
Union. [not Europe as a continent]
J ai laissé un petit mot pour toi. I left a little note for you.[not
word]
Tu déjeunes pas ? You aren t eating breakfast? [not lunch]
Normalement, elle arrive à 15h. If everything goes as planned,
she will arrive at 3 PM. [not normally or usually]
Tes parents s ennuient de toi ? Do your parents miss you?[not
get bored with]
Tu veux te baigner aujourd hui ? Do you want to go swimming
today? [not take a bath]
J ai mal aux reins. My lower back hurts. [not kidneys]
On a déjà donné à manger au chat. We ve already fed the cat.
[not give to eat]
Elle l a connu en Italie. She met him in Italy. [not known]
Filling out forms [ mp3 - 497 KB ]
contact informationles coordonnées passport
le passeport
last name
nom
visa
le visa
first name
prénom
residency card
la carte de séjour
address
adresse
receipt
le récépissé
birthdate
date de naissanceapplication
le formulaire / la
candidature
place of birth
lieu de naissanceenrollment form
la demande d inscription
Signed [city] ...
date
Fait à ... le
to apply (for a job)
postuler
birth certificate
l acte de
naissance
to apply/enroll (in
university)
s inscrire à
Remember the date format in France is day/month/year instead of
month/day/year and that you generally capitalize your last name,
but not your first name: Jean-Paul BOUCHER.
Asking for clarification / help [ mp3 - 492 KB ]
Excusez-moi de vous déranger, monsieur/madame, mais j ai
un problème. Sorry for bothering you, mister/miss, but I have a
problem.
Est-ce que je peux vous poser une question ? Can I ask you a
question?
Qu est-ce que vous avez dit ? What did you say?
Pourriez-vous répéter, s il vous plaît ? Can you repeat that,
please?
Je n ai pas entendu ce que vous avez dit. I didn t hear what you
said.
Comment est-ce qu on écrit ça ? / Ça s écrit comment ?Ho w
is that written?
Comment est-ce qu on prononce ça ? / Ça se prononce
comment ? How is that pronounced?
Qu est-ce que ça veut dire? / Ça veut dire quoi ? What does
that mean?
Food / Eating [ mp3 - 1.0 MB ]
cold cuts
la charcuterie
beefstew with
carrots
du bœuf-carottes
raw vegetables
les crudités (f)
beefstew in red winedu bœuf
bourguignon
salad (with bacon)
une salade (avec des
lardons)
chicken in red winedu coq au vin
onion soup
la soupe à l oignon
Steak & French friesun steak-frites
melted cheese (w/ potatoes
& cold cuts)
la raclette
potatoes au gratinle gratin
dauphinois
cheese, ham & potato
casserole
la tartiflette
ham & cheese
quiche
la quiche lorraine
melted cheese (with bread)la fondue
dumplings (flavored
w/ meat or fish)
les quenelles
grilled ham and cheese
le croque-monsieur
vegetarian
végétarien/ne
grilled ham & cheese with
egg
le croque-madame
vegan
végétalien/ne
Qu est-ce que je vous offre ? / Qu est-ce que je vous sers ?
What can I get you?
Quelque chose à boire ? Something to drink?
J ai la dalle ! J ai les crocs ! Je meurs de faim ! I m starving!
J ai trop mangé. / J ai trop bouffé. I ate too much.
On the phone / Au téléphone [ mp3 - 1.27 MB ]
Allô, est-ce que je pourrais parler à... ? Hello, may I speak
to...?
C est de la part de qui ? Who is calling?
Qui est à l appareil ? Who is on the phone?
Un instant, s il vous plaît. One moment, please.
Ne quittez pas. Please hold.
Je vous la passe. I m putting you through to her.
Il ne répond pas. He is not answering.
Il n est pas là. He is not here.
Est-ce que vous voulez laisser un message ? Do you want to
leave a message?
Pouvez-vous rappeler plus tard ? Can you call back later?
La ligne est occupée. The line is busy.
Vous vous êtes trompé(e)(s) de numéro. You have the wrong
number.
Je me suis trompé(e) de numéro. I got the wrong number.
Cell Phone Vocabulary
pay as you go plan
sans engagement
text messageSMS
credit/minutes
le crédit
photo messageMMS
to recharge your accountrecharger votre compte call waiting
le double appel
contract plan
le forfait
caller ID
la présentation du numro
extra charges
hors forfait
unlimited callsles appels illimités
payment plan
le plan tarifaire
PIN code
le code PIN / secret
land line
la ligne fixe
SIM card
la carte SIM
voicemail
la messagerie vocale
locked
bloqué
account summary
le suivi conso
to download
télécharger
empty / no credit
épuisé
ringtone
la sonnerie
Le suivi conso is short for le suivi de consommation.
Going shopping / Faire les magasins [ mp3 - 1.44 MB ]
department store
la grande surface
fitting room
la cabine d essayage
outlet store
le magasin d usine
club/loyalty cardla carte de fidelité
second-hand shop
la boutique d articles
d occasion
heels
des talons
discount store (such
as Aldi)
le magasin hard discount
flip-flops
des tongs
flea market
le marché aux puces
tank/halter top
le débardeur
department
le rayon
underwire bra
le balconnet
to go window-
shopping
faire du lèche-vitrine
thong
le string
to go grocery shoppingfaire les courses
spotted
à pois
mini market
la supérette
flowery
à fleurs
supermarket (food)
le supermarché
frilly
à frous-frous
super store
(everything)
l hypermarché (m)
glittery
à paillettes
shopping center
le centre commercial
striped
à rayures
Est-ce que je peux vous aider ? / Je peux vous renseigner ? /
Vous désirez ? Can I help you?
Non, je regarde seulement. No, I m just looking.
Je vais réfléchir. I ll think about it.
Quelle est votre taille ? Vous faites du combien ? What is your
size? What size do you wear?
Quelle est votre pointure ? Vous chaussez du combien ?
What is your shoe size? What size shoe do you wear?
Ça va, la taille ? C’est la bonne taille ? Is the size right?
C’est trop grand. / C est trop serré. It’s too big / too small.
Ça coûte combien ? How much does this cost?
C est en solde ? Is it on sale?
Quelle escroquerie ! / Quelle arnaque ! What a rip-off!
Avez-vous une carte de fidélité ? Do you have a club card?
Vous réglez comment ? / Vous payez comment ? How are you
paying?
En espèces/par carte bleue. Cash/with a bank card.
A good way to increase your vocabulary is to look at ads for stores
that are available online, such asCarrefour,Géant,M onoprix,
etc.
Going to the doctor / Chez le docteur [ mp3 - 1.41 MB ]
allergy
l allergie (f)
swollen
enflé/e
illness
la maladie
dizziness
le vertige
cold
le rhume
drops
les gouttes (f)
fever
la fièvre
pills
les pilules (f)
flu
la grippe
tablet
le cachet
migraine
la migraine
ointment
la pommade
bump
la bosse
bandage
le sparadrap
itching
les démangeaisons (f)prescription
l ordonnance (f)
poisoning
l intoxication (f)
medicine
les médicaments (m)
sting / bite
la piqûre
vitamins
les vitamines (f)
scratch
l égratignure (f)
lozenge
la pastille
scar
la cicatrice
sleeping pills
les somnifères (m)
scab
la croûte
to skin
s écorcher
blister
l ampoule (f)
to sprain
se fouler
sprain
la foulure
to crush
s écraser
ear infection
l otite (f)
to break
se casser
Je voudrais prendre rendez-vous, s il vous plaît. I d like to
make an appointment, please.
Où est-ce que vous avez mal ? Where does it hurt?
Est-ce que vous êtes allergique à quelque chose ? Are you
allergic to anything?
Je me suis écorché la main en tombant. I skinned my hand by
falling.
Je me suis fait mal. I hurt myself.
The French health care system (called la Sécurité Sociale)
generally reimburses 70% of your health costs (including dentist
and eye doctor visits). If you want to be reimbursed for the other
30%, you have to join amutuelle and pay a monthly fee.
Everyone covered by la Sécu receives a Carte Vitale to use at
the doctor s consultation and when filling prescriptions at any
pharmacie. If you are a recent immigrant to France and have not
yet received your Carte Vitale, you will receive feuille de soins
forms to fill out in order to be reimbursed.
The emergency medical service in France is calledS AM U
(Service d aide médicale d urgence) and the phone number is
15. You can dial 17 to reach the police, and 18 to reach the
pompiers (firefighters). The general emergency number used
throughout the European Union is 112. In Belgium, you can also dial 100
for emergency services; in Switzerland, it s 144, and in Canada, it s 911.
Going to the dentist or eye doctor / Chez le dentiste ou
l ophtalmologiste [ mp3 - 660 KB ]
cavity
la carie
glasses
les lunettes
wisdom tooth
la dent de sagesseframes
la monture
baby tooth
la dent de lait
glasses case
l étui de lunettes (m)
gums
la gencive
contact lenses
les lentilles
jaw
la mâchoire
cleaning solutionla solution de nettoyage
crown
la couronne
contact case
l étui de lentilles (m)
filling
le plombage
near-sighted
myope
cleaning
le détartrage
far-sighted
hypermétrope
root canal
le canal dentaire
clear
net
to pull out, remove (tooth)arracher
blurry
flou
Getting your eyes checked and then choosing your frames are
two different processes in France. You go to anophtalmologiste
to get your eyes checked and you will receive a prescription for
your glasses/contacts. Then you must go to anopticien in order
to choose your frames and turn in your prescriptions. They are not
in the same office like in the US.
At the hair salon / Chez le coiffeur [ mp3 - 646 KB ]
bangs
la frange
braid
la natte / les tresses
highlights
les mèches
ponytail
la queue-de-cheval
hair cut
la coupe de cheveux
barette
la barrette
blowdry
le brushing
head band
le serre-tête
curly
bouclés
hair clips
les pinces à cheveux
wavy
ondulés
hairband
l élastique (m)
frizzy
frisés / crépus
hairpin
l épingle à cheveux (f)
straight
raides
buzz cut
la coupe en brosse
dyed
teints
completely shaved head
la boule à zéro
lightened
décolorés
bald
chauve
layered
dégradé
part
la raie
There is a slight difference between se couper les cheveux (to cut one s
hair - by oneself) and se faire couper les cheveux (to get one s hair
cut - by someone else). The same is true ofse
teindre les cheveux (to dye one s hair - by oneself) and se faire
teindre les cheveux (to get one s hair dyed - by someone else).
Opening a bank account / Ouvrir un compte bancaire [ mp3 - 1.01
MB]
school district
l académie (f)
middle school
principal
principal
urban district
l arrondissement
(m)
high school principalproviseur
department /
division
le département
exam after middle
school
brevet
region / area
la région
exam after high
school
baccalauréat
town
la commune
mathematics
mathématiques
pre-school
l école maternelleeconomics &
sociology
sciences économique et
sociale (SES)
elementary
education
l école primaire
living/foreign languagelangue vivante (LV)
elementary
student
écolier/ère
physics
physique
secondary
education
secondaire
chemistry
chimie
middle school
le collège
biology
biologie
middle school
student
collègien/ne
life/earth science
sciences de la vie et de la
terre (SVT)
high school
le lycée
engineering
sciences de l ingénieur (SI)
high school
student
lycéen/ne
history/geography
histoire-géographie
higher educationsupérieur
philosophy
philosophie
university studentétudiant/e
literature
littérature
university
l université / la
faculté
research
project/seminar
travaux personnels encadrés
(TPE)
prestigious
universities
les grandes écolesP.E. / Gym
éducation physique et
sportive (EPS)
library
le CDI
report card
le bulletin scolaire
La rentrée scolaire a lieu début septembre. The return to
school takes place at the beginning of September.
Les vacances d été s appellent les grandes vacances.T he
summer vacation is called the big vacation.
Il a eu de mauvais résultats et il a dû redoubler. He got bad
marks and he had to stay in the same grade.
Cette année, il passe dans la classe supérieure. This year, he s
passing into the next grade.
Si je rate / Si j échoue mon bac, je suis obligé de redoubler
ma terminale. If I fail my final exam, I have to do my last year of
school over again.
Ils ont seché les cours aujourd hui. They skipped classes
today.
Tu as eu combien ? What (grade) did you get?
J ai eu 13, pas mal. I got a 13, not bad.
Note: In French schools, the grades/marks range from 1 to 20; and the
grades/years descend instead of increasing: sixième is the first year of
collège, while troisième is the last year. Ecole
maternelle is ages 2-6, école élémentaire is ages 6-11 (CP, CE1,
CE2, CM1, CM2), collège is ages 11-15 (6e, 5e, 4e, 3e), and
lycée is ages 15-18 (2nde, 1ère, T).
LG = Lycée Général
Bac = baccalauréat
LT= Lycée Technique
L = Littéraire
LPO= Lycée Polyvalent
ES = économique et sociale
LGT= Lycée Général et Technique
S = scientifique
CLG= Collège
STT = sciences et technologies tertiaires
EE= Ecole Elémentaire
STI = sciences et technologies
industrielles
IA= Inspecteur Académique
STL = sciences et technologies de
laboratoire
IEN= Inspecteur d’Education Nationale
SMS = sciences médico-sociales
IUFM = Instituts Universitaires de Formation
des Maîtres
CAP = certificat d aptitudes
professionnelles
CP = Cours préparatoire
BEP = brevet d études professionnelles
CE1 = Cours élémentaire 1ère année
BTS = brevet de technicien supérieur
CE2 = Cours élémentaire 2e année
CPGE = classes préparatoires aux
Grandes Ecoles
CM1 = Cours moyen 1ère année
CDI = centre de documentation et
d information
CM2 = Cours moyen 2e année
CPE = conseillers principaux d éducation
T = Terminale
COP = conseiller d orientation
psychologue
Premier degré = maternelle & élémentaire
Second degré = collège & lycée
News [ mp3 - 1.45 MB ]
news
les informations / le
journal
poverty
la pauvreté
news showsle magazine d actualités homeless
les sans-abri
current eventsl actualité (f)
murder
le crime / le meurtre
weather reportla météo
genocide
le génocide
protest
la protestation
riot
l émeute (m)
demonstrationla manifestation
curfew
le couvre-feu
earthquake
le tremblement de terre
harassment
le harcèlement (m)
hurricane
l ouragan (m)
epidemic
l épidémie (f)
flood
l inondation (f)
plague
la peste
tsunami
le tsunami / le raz-de-
marée
cloning
le clonage
drought
la sécheresse
drug addiction
la toxicomanie
burglary
le cambriolage
drug trafficking
le trafic de drogue
assault
l agression (f)
trial
le procès
crime
le délit
testimony
le témoignage
robbery
le vol
evidence
la preuve
military
les militaires (m)
ceasefire
le cessez-le-feu
army
l armée (f)
gun
le revolver
navy
la marine
rifle
le fusil
air force
les forces aériennes
troops
les troupes (f)
invasion
l invasion (f)
soldier
le soldat
battle
la bataille
hostage
l otage (m)
retreat
la retraite
casualty
les pertes (f)
treaty
le traité
winners
les vainqueurs (m)
truce
la trêve
losers
les vaincus (m)
Politics [ mp3 - 1.11 MB ]
prime minister
le premier ministre
citizen
le citoyen
president
le président
senator
le sénateur
vice president
le vice-président
representative
le député
dictator
le dictateur
mayor
le maire
nationality
la nationalité
law
la loi
community
la communauté
bill
le projet de loi
society
la société
policy
la politique
government
le gouvernement
proposal
la proposition
election
l élection (f)
grant
la subvention
referendum
le référendum
legislation
la législation
vote
le vote
negotiation
la négociation
environment
l environnement (m)
regulation
la réglementation
democracy
la démocratie
democrat
démocrate
anarchy
l anarchie (f)
liberal
libéral/e
capitalism
le capitalisme
conservative
conservateur/trice
socialism
le socialisme
socialist
socialiste
communism
le communisme
communist
communiste
The current major political parties in France include: Parti
Socialiste (PS) and Parti Communiste Français (PCF) - left-wing,
Union pour la Démocratie Française (UDF) - centrist, Union pour
un Mouvement Populaire (UMP) - right-wing, and Front National
(FN) - far right-wing.
Television [ mp3 - 1.75 MB ]
the news
les infos
to be on (TV)
passer
series/program
la série
to act (in)
jouer
soap opera
le feuilleton
to channel surf
zapper
tv movie
le téléfilm
to turn on the TV
allumer la télé
documentary
le documentaire
to turn off the TV
éteindre la télé
channel
la chaîne
push the button
appuyer sur le bouton
remote control
la télécommande
turn up the volume
monter le son
subtitles
les sous-titrages
turn down the volume
baisser le son
commercials
les publicités (pub)
to plug in
brancher
actor/actress
le/la comédien/ne
to unplug
débrancher
director
le réalisateur
what s it about?
ça parle de quoi ?
comedian
l humoriste
to be continued
à suivre
Programs do not start at the hour or half hour in France, and the
majority of "prime time" shows begin at 8:50 pm (20h50) with
more than one episode each week. The nightly new is always on
at 8 pm (20h). Commercials are rarely shown during the
programs, but more likely between the shows.
There are a few French channels that you can watch without
subscribing to a cable provider: TF1, France 2, France 3,France
5, Arte, M6, and depending on where you live, there are local
channels as well as foreign channels of bordering countries.
Canal+ is available at some times, but you must subscribe and
pay extra if you want to watch it at all times. There are of course
several other channels: France 4, France ô,W9,TM C,N RJ,
Paris Première, Téva, RTL9, AB 1, NT1, etc.
Most American television shows are eventually broadcast in
France, though several months later than in the US and dubbed in
French. (You will find that almost every foreign program is dubbed
rather than subtitled). Not all programs or channels support
subtitling/closed captioning, but if your TV is equipped with
télétexte, you should be able to read the subtitles in French as
well. And a series does not have to be a hit in the US to be
broadcast in France; several shows that were cancelled after one
year in the US are still shown here.
A lot of programs have the same names in French (Bones,
Heroes, Desperate Housewives, etc.) while others have French
words added (Lost, les disparus). Here are a few programs that
are different in French: Baywatch - Alerte à Malibu; Seventh
Heaven - 7 à la Maison; CSI - Les Experts; Without a Trace -
FBI: Portés Disparus; The Young & the Restless - Les Feux de
l Amour; One Tree Hill - Les Frères Scott; Crossing Jordan -
Preuve à l appui.
And because I watch several shows that involve solving crime,
here is some specialized vocabulary that you probably won t ever
use, but you ll need to recognize if you watch crime dramas:
assault
l agression (f)
prosecutor
le procureur
blackmail
le chantage
rape
le viol
blackmailer
le maître-chanteur
sketch
le portrait-robot
criminal record
le casier judiciaire
stabbed
poignardé
defendant
l accusé (m)
strangled
étranglé
evidence
la pièce à conviction
surveillance
la filature
federal case
délit fédéral
suspect
le suspect
gun
le flingue
to arrest
arrêter
handcuffs
les menottes (f)
to con/cheat
escroquer
homicide
l homicide (f)
to harass
harceler
investigation
l enquête (f)
to press charges
porter plainte
kidnapping
l enlèvement (m)
to report missing
porter disparu
laundering
le blanchiment
to run away
s enfuir
lead
la piste / l indice
to shoot
tirer
loaded (gun)
chargé
warrant
le mandat
murder
le meurtre
weapon
l arme (m)
paperwork
la paperasse
witness
le témoin
Soccer [ mp3 - 1.73 MB ]
ball
le ballon
pass
une passe
captain
le capitaine
penalty kick
un penalty
captain armband
un brassard de capitaine
player
un joueur
cleats
les crampons
playoffs
le tableau final
coach
l entraîneur / le
selectionneur
quarter-finals
les quarts de
finale
coin toss
un tirage à pile ou face
red card
carton rouge
corner kick
un corner
referee
l arbitre
defense
un défenseur
replacement
le remplaçant
fans
les supporters
semi-finals
les demi-finales
final
la finale
shinguards
les protège-tibias
forward
un attaquant
shorts
la culotte
foul/penalty
une faute
shot
un tir
game
un match
slide tackle
un tacle
goal
un but
socks
les chausettes
goal post
les cages
standings
les classements
goalie
un gardien de but
starter player
le titulaire
goalie box
la surface de réparation
team
une équipe
group (in tournaments)
la poule / le groupe
tie game
un match nul
header
une tête
to pass
passer
jersey
un maillot
to score
marquer
kickoff
un coup d envoi / un
engagement
to shoot
tirer
midfield
un milieu de terrain
to throw in the
ball
faire une touche
net
le filet
tournament
le tournoi
off-sides
hors-jeu
wave
la ola
out of bounds (behind the
goals)
une sortie de but
What s the
score?
Quel est le
score?
out of bounds (on the
sides)
en touche
yellow card
carton jaune
Zodiac Signs [ mp3 - 408 KB ]
signs of the Zodiac
les signes du zodiaque
horoscope
l horoscope (m)
astrology
l astrologie (f)
Aries
Bélier
Taurus
Taureau
Gemini
Gémeaux
Cancer
Cancer
Leo
Lion
Virgo
Vierge
Libra
Balance
Scorpio
Scorpion
Sagittarius
Sagittaire
Capricorn
Capricorne
Aquarius
Verseau
Pisces
Poissons
Marriage / Civil Unions [ mp3 - 1.24 MB ]
couple
le couple
to enter a PACS
contract
se pacser
date
le rendez-vous
to get engaged
se fiancer
relationship
la relation
to get married
se marier
civil union
le PACS (Pacte Civile de
Solidarité)
to break up / leave
rompre /
quitter
engagement
les fiançailles (f)
to get divorced
divorcer
wedding
le mariage
to cheat on
tromper
wedding
announcement
le faire-part de mariage
to meet
se rencontrer
honeymoon
la lune de miel
to separate
se séparer
Ils sont tombés amoureux l un de l autre. They fell in love with
each other.
Ils vivent en concubinage / en union libre. They live with each
other (without being married).
C est mon copain / ma copine. This is my boyfriend / girlfriend.
J ai une grande amitié pour lui. I have a great friendship with
him.
Il a de l affection pour elle. He has affection for her.
Mais elle n éprouve aucun sentiment pour lui. But she has no
feelings for him.
On se disputait sans cesse. We fought all the time.
Tu m en veux ? Are you mad at me?
Je t aime bien. / Je t aime. I like you. / I love you
Si on allait au cinéma ce soir ? How about if we go to the
movies tonight?
Tu es libre, samedi soir ? Are you free Saturday night?
Je n ai rien de prévu pour ce week-end. I have no plans for this
weekend.
When pulling petals off of a daisy, the French have 5 sayings
instead of just He/she loves me; He/she loves me not:
1. Il/Elle m aime. He/She loves me.
2. Un peu. A little.
3.Beaucoup. A lot.
4. A la folie. Like crazy.
5. Pas du tout. Not at all.
English used in French [ mp3 - 1.67 MB ]
There are many, many English words used in French, but some of
them have a different meaning than in English. Sometimes the
French pronunciation is radically different from the English
pronunciation, so you may only be able to understand the word in
writing but not in speech. Almost all English nouns borrowed into
French are masculine, unless otherwise noted below. I ve always
marked which words are used as adjectives in French, even
though the original English word may be a noun.
agenda
planner / calendar
mail
e-mail
baby-foot
foosball
meeting
rally
barman
bartender
nickel
clean / perfect
basket
basketball
parking
parking lot
baskets
sneakers
people
celebrities
bermudes
bermuda shorts
planning
schedule
black (adj. / noun)refers to skin color
play-back
lip-synching
body
onesie / body suit
pom-pom girlcheerleader
bowling
bowling alley
pressing
dry cleaner s
break
station wagon
radio (f)
X-ray
brushing
blowdry
recordman
record holder
caddie
(shopping) cart
relax
lounge chair
camping
campground
relooking
makeover
camping-car
motorhome / camperrollers
rollerblades
catch
pro wrestling
scotch
tape
clean (adj.)
sober
self (adj.)
self service
clip
music video
shorty
boy shorts
cornflakes
cereal
slip
boxers / briefs / underwear
dancing
dance hall
smoking
tuxedo
dressing
walk-in closet
speed (adj.)hectic, busy
drive
drive-thru
string
thong underwear
entourage
group of friends
sweat
sweatshirt
fashion (adj.)
trendy
tennisman
tennis player
fast-food
fast food restauranttongs
flip-flops
flipper
pinball
le top
the best
foot
soccer
trench
trench coat
footing
jogging
tube
hit song
hard discount (adj.)discount
tuning
tune up
jogging
jogging suit
type
guy
lifting
facelift
volley
volleyball
light (adj.)
diet
zapping
channel surfing
look
style
zen (adj.)
cool / laid-back
lové (adj.)
cuddly / snuggly
Acronyms
Those marked in blue are pronounced as a word, rather than each
letter individually.
ANAEM
Agence Nationale de l Accueil des
Etrangers et des Migrations
PC
Parti communiste
ANPE*
Agence nationale pour l emploi
PDGprésident-directeur général
ASSEDIC*Association pour l emploi dans l industrie
et le commerce
PJ
pièces joints
BCBG
bon chic bon genre
PS
Parti socialiste
BD
bande dessinée
PTTPostes, télégraphes et téléphones
BN
Bibliothèque nationale
QG
quartier général
BNP
Banque nationale de Paris
RATPRégie autonome des transports
parisiens
BP
boîte postale
RDCrez-de-chaussée
CAF
Caisse d allocations familiales
RERRéseau express régional
CDD
Contrat durée déterminée
RF
République française
CDI
Contrat durée indéterminée
RMIRevenu minimum d insertion
CDS
Carte de séjour
RV
rendez-vous
DALF
diplôme approfondi de langue françaiseSDF Sans domicile fixe
DEA
diplôme d études approfondies
SIDAsyndrome immunodéficitaire
acquis
DELF
diplôme d études en langue française
SMICSalaire minimum interprofessional
de croissance
DOM-TOMDépartements d outre-mer et Territoires
d outre-mer
SNCFSociété nationale de chemin de fer
EDF
Electricité de France
SPASociété protectrice des animaux
ENA
Ecole Nationale d Administration
SVPs il vous plaît
FLQ
Front de la libération du Québec
TERTransport express régional
FNAC
Fédération nationale des achats de
cadres
TGBTrès grande bibliothèque
GDF
Gaz de France
TGVTrain à grande vitesse
HLM
Habitation à loyer modéré
TTCtoutes taxes comprises
INSEE
Institut National de la Statistique et des
TVAtaxe à la valeur ajoutée
Etudes Economiques
MGEN
Mutuelle Générale de l Education
Nationale
UE
Union européenne
MJC
Maison des Jeunes et de la Culture
UDFUnion pour la démocratie française
MLF
Mouvement pour la libération de la
femme
UMPUnion pour un Mouvement
Populaire
MRAP
Mouvement contre le racisme et pour
l amitié entre les peuples
VF
version française
OMI
Office des Migrations Internationales
VO
version originale
ONU
Organisation des Nations Unies
VOSTversion originale sous-titrée
OTAN
Organisation du trait de l Atlantique du
Nord
VTTvélo tout terrain
OVNI
Objet volant non identifié
X
l École Polytechnique
PV
procès-verbal
* ANPE and ASSEDIC no longer exist. They were merged
together in 2009 to form Pôle Emploi.
Regions & Departments of France [ mp3 - 3.87 MB ]
Régions de France métropolitaine
English Translations
Alsace
Alsace
Aquitaine
Aquitaine
Auvergne
Auvergne
Basse-Normandie
Lower-Normandy
Bretagne
Brittany
Bourgogne
Burgundy
Centre
Center
Champagne-Ardenne
Champagne-Ardenne
Corse
Corsica
Franche-Comté
Franche-Comte
Haute-Normandie
Upper-Normandy
Ille-de-France
Paris-Isle-of-France
Languedoc-Roussillon
Languedoc-Roussillon
Limousin
Limousin
Lorraine
Lorraine
Midi-Pyrénées
Midi-Pyrenees
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
North-Calais
Pays-de-la-Loire
Pays-de-la-Loire
Picardie
Picardy
Poitou-Charentes
Poitou-Charentes
Provence-Alpes-Côte d Azur
Provence-Alpes-Azur
Rhône-Alpes
Rhone-Alps
Régions/Départements d outre-mer
Overseas Regions/Departments
Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe
Martinique
Martinique
Guyane
French Guiana
La Réunion
Reunion
Each région is divided into départements, except for the overseas
regions (they exist as régions as well as départements.) Each
département is assigned a two-digit number that begins the zip
code (the numbers somewhat correspond to alphabetical order).
For example, the département of Ain is 01 and the département of
Vosges is 88.
DOM-TOM means départements d outre-mer and térritoires
d outre-mer. French territories (also called collectivities) include
Polynésie française, Mayotte, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon,
Wallis-et-Futuna, Saint-Martinand Saint-Barthélemy. Nouvelle
Calédonie has a special status (sui generis) and will vote for
independence from France in the next ten years.
The 96 departments of mainland France, grouped according to
their region, are:
67 Bas-Rhin
68 Haut-Rhin
Alsace
11 Aude
30 Gard
34 Hérault
24 Dordogne
33 Gironde
Aquitaine
48 Lozère
66 Pyrénées-Orientales
Languedoc-
Roussillon
40 Landes
47 Lot-et-Garonne
19 Corrèze
64 Pyrénées-
Atlantiques
23 Creuse
87 Haute-Vienne
Limousin
03 Allier
15 Cantal
43 Haute-Loire
63 Puy-de-Dôme
Auvergne
54 Meurthe-et-Moselle
55 Meuse
57 Moselle
Lorraine
88 Vosges
14 Calvados
50 Manche
61 Orne
Basse-Normandie
09 Ariège
Midi-Pyrénées
12 Aveyron
31 Haute-Garonne
21 Côte-d Or
58 Nièvre
71 Saône-et-Loire
89 Yonne
Bourgogne
32 Gers
46 Lot
65 Hautes-Pyrénées
81 Tarn
82 Tarn-et-Garonne
22 Côtes-d Armor
29 Finistère
35 Ille-et-Vilaine
56 Morbihan
Bretagne
59 Nord
62 Pas-de-Calais
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
44 Loire-Atlantique
18 Cher
28 Eure-et-Loir
36 Indre
37 Indre-et-Loire
Centre
49 Maine-et-Loire
53 Mayenne
72 Sarthe
85 Vendée
Pays de la Loire
41 Loir-et-Cher
45 Loiret
02 Aisne
60 Oise
08 Ardennes
Champagne-
Ardenne
80 Somme
Picardie
10 Aube
51 Marne
16 Charente
52 Haute-Marne
17 Charente-Maritime
79 Deux-Sèvres
2A Corse-du-Sud
Corse
86 Vienne
Poitou-Charentes
2B Haute-Corse
04 Alpes-de-Haute-
Provence
25 Doubs
39 Jura
70 Haute-Saône
90 Territoire de Belfort
Franche-Comté
05 Hautes-Alpes
06 Alpes-Maritimes
13 Bouches-du-Rhône
83 Var
84 Vaucluse
Provence-Alpes-
Côte d Azur
27 Eure
76 Seine-Maritime
Haute-Normandie
01 Ain
Rhône-Alpes
07 Ardèche
75 Paris
77 Seine-et-Marne
78 Yvelines
91 Essonne
92 Hauts-de-Seine
93 Seine-Saint-Denis
94 Val-de-Marne
95 Val-d Oise
Île-de-France
26 Drôme
38 Isère
42 Loire
69 Rhône
73 Savoie
74 Haute-Savoie
 French Guide
a complete guide to basic French language
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