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i 2008 Unit1: Trinidad

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TESTCODE22107010
FORM TP2008159 MAY/JUNE2008

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCEDPROFICIENCYEXAMINATION
BIOLOGY-UNIT!

PaperOl
90minutes

(01 JULY 2008 (p.m.))

READ THE FOLWWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This test consists of45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.
2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have ananswersheet.
3. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this
test.

4. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered(A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are about
to answer and decide which choice is best. ·
5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the
same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look atthe sample item below.

Sample Item
-
Whichofthefollowingmetalatomsispresent
inahaemoglobinmolecule?
Sample Answer

-
(A) Iron
(B)
(C)
Copper
Calcium
•@©@
(D) Magnesium

The best answer to this item is "Iron", so answer space (A) has been shaded.
6. Ifyou want to change your answer, be sure to erase it completely before you fill in your new choice.
7. Whenyouaretoldtobegin, turnthepageandworkasquicklyandascarefullyasyoucan. Ifyou cannot
answer an item, omit it and go on to the next one. Your score will be the total number ofcorrect answers.
8. You may do any rough work in this booklet.
9. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
10. Theuseofnon-programmablecalculators is allowed.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

22107012/CAPE2008
._ .• J
1. Which of the following bonds between the 4. When !cm 3 of Solution X is mixed with an
molecules enables water to exist as a liquid equal volume of 5% sodium hydroxide
rather than a gas at normal room solution in a test tube, and two drops of 1%
temperatures? copper sulphate solution are added, a purple
colour is seen
(A) Covalent
(B) Hydrogen Solution X MOST likely contains .
(C) Ionic
(D) Hydrophilic (A) proteins
(B) amino acids
(C) carbohydrates
2. Which of the following statements BEST (D) lipids
describes glucose?

(A) 5. Collagen consists of polypeptide strands held

A disaccharide consisting of
galactose and fructose. together by H-bonds, NH groups and CO
(B) Unlike most sugars and has a groups. Which of the following terms BEST
single anomeric form. describes the structure of collagen?
(C) A constituent of all disaccharides and (A) A triple helix
polysaccharides. (B) An a-helix
(D) Th'e usual form m which (C) A double helix
carbohydrates are assimilated into (D) A J3-helix
metabolism.

6. In chronic rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage of

.ltw..J refers to the structure below. joints is thought to be digested by hydrolytic
enzymes found in the

(A) Golgi bodies

(B) ribosomes
(C) nucleolus
(D) lysosomes

7. In m:icroscopy, the term 'resolution' is used

3. Which molecule does this structure represent? to describe the

(A) Cellobiose (A) amount of light reaching a specimen

(B) Maltose (B) reversal of a specimen image by the
(C) Lactose microscope lens
(D) Sucrose (C) ability of the microscope to clearly
distinguish between two points on
the specimen
(D) degree to which the specimen under
observation is enlarged

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 -3-

Item 8 refers to the diagram below which is a 11. The type ofbond MOST likely to be found
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of in an enzyme molecule is··
a chloroplast.
(A) glycosidic
(B) peptide
(C) phospho diester
(D) ester

12. Water uptake in an amoeba would MOST

likely occur by

8. Tue structure labelled Xis MOST likely the (A) osmosis

(B) diffusion
(A) stroma (C) pinocytosis
(B} circular DNA (D) phagocytosis
(C) plasma membrane
(D) thylakoid stack
13. A plant cell is placed in a solution with a less
9. Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells negative water potential than its cell sap. This
of the islets ofLangerhans. This hormone is results in the cell becoming more
synthesized in the
(A) flaccid because the solution diffuses
(A) Golgi apparatus out of the cell
(B) mitochondrion (B) flaccid because water diffuses out of
(C) nbosome thecell
(D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (C) turgid because the solution diffuses
into the cell
Item 10 refers to the diagram below which (D) turgid because water diffuses into the
illustrates the process of osmosis. cell

• •
•
-1.
•
• •I
•
• • • ••
14. The type of inhibitor MOST likely to bind to
the active site of an enzyme is
• • •• • ----'-+-
I • •
• • . I • • • • (A) allosteric
• • . ----'-+-
•
• •
• •
I
• • • • (B)
(C)
competitive
non-competitive reversible
• • I• • • •
• • I selectively permeable (D) non-competitive irreversible
• • f. membrane •
• •
10. Tue substance moving passively in the
direction ofthe arrow is MOST likely

(A) water
(B) glucose
(C) glycerol
(D) pepsin
 -4-

' Item 15 refers to the diagram below which Item 17 refers to the diagram below showing
shows the effect of increasing substrate a segment of a strand of DNA.
concentration on the rate of an enzyme-
catalysed reaction.

hction
rate

~Hydrogen
bonds
17. The base X is MOST likely

15. Which of the labelled curves BEST (A) cytosine

represents the presence of a competitive (B) guanine
inhibitot'? (C) uracil
(D) adenine
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III 18. The copying of a DNA strand into a strand of
(D) N mRNAis

(A) translation
Item 16 refers to the diagram below which (B) transcription
shows a monomer that condenses to form a (C) gene duplication
polymer in living systems. (D) gene reshufil.ing

p 19. The equatorial plate of the mitotic spindle is

formed during

(A) anaphase
(B) metaphase
(C) early prophase
(D) telophase

OH OH

16. Which polymer does this molecule form?

(A) Deoxyribonucleic acid

(B) Lipid - cholesterol
(C) Protein - myoglobin
(D) Ribonucleic acid

GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE

.,., t n"7n 1 n / r Anr. "t/V\O
 -5-

Item 20 refers to the diagram below which 22. In a rat eel~ there are 32 chromatids present
shows the eukaryotic cell cycle. at the beginning of prophase of mitosis.

How many chromatids would there be in the

cell at the beginning ofmeiosis?

(A) 16
(B) 23
(C) 32
(D) 64

23. Meiosis contributes to heritable variation as a

result of

I. random fusion of gametes during

fertiliz.ation
20. The duplication of DNA occurs in phase IL independent assortment
ill. crossing over
(A) S IV. homologous pairing of chromosomes
(B) G,
(C) M (A) !only
(B) I and II only
(D) G,
(C) II and Ill only
(D) II, Ill and IV only
Item 21 refers to the figure below which shows
a simplified structure of a chromosome. 24. Which of the following is the MOST
appropriate definition ofan allele?

(A) Alternative or different forms of a

Genes for different gene
characteristics (B) A trait which is expressed in the
phenotype
(C) A unit of inheritance of
characteristics
(D) Agenewhichcontainsadominantor
recessive trait

25. Which ofthe following would be required, in

addition to the human insulin gene, to provide
a recombinant plasmid?
21. The.region labelled Xis MOST likely a
(A) Reverse transcriptase
(A) chromatid (B) DNAligase
(B) centriole (C) ADP
(C) chiasmata (D) RNA polymerase
(D) centromere

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 -6-

26. Which ofthe following types of genes is found 29. Ifa man with genotype AA manied a woman
ONLY on X chromosomes in humans? with genotype BB, what will be the blood
group oftheir children?
(A) Sex-linked genes
(B) Autosomal genes (A) A only
(C) Inherited genes (B) Bonly
(D) Dominant genes (C) AB
(D) AA or BB

Item 27 refers to the diagram below which

illustrates a form of gene mutation. 30. Self fertilization between F 1 plants produced
an F, generation in which one plant had red
A B c D E F G
flowers, two had pink flowers and one had
c D white flowers.

A
• •
B
n E F
• • •
G Which of the following does this experiment
demonstrate?
A B E F G
(A) Monohybrid cross
(B) Incomplete dominance
(C) Epistasis
27. Which form ofgeiie mutation does the diagram (D) Sex linkage
illustrate?

(A) Insertion
(B) Inversion
(C) Duplication
(D) Deletion

28. In the treatment ofcystic fibrosis using gene

therapy

(A) normal genes are introduced into lung

cells via microinjection
(B) viruses are used as vectors to
introduce the normal gene into lung
cells
(C) liposomes are used as vectors to
introduce the normal gene into lung
cells
(D) an electric current is used to facilitate
the direct uptake of normal DNA
·. by lung cells

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 -7-

31. Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction is NOT correct, either by its
definition or its example?

Type of
Definition Examples
Reproduction
(A) Binary fission Splitting into two daughter Amoeba
cells of similar size Bacteria
(B) Fragmentation Splitting into several pieces Flatworms
each of which regrows Spirogyra
(C) Budding Producing an outgrowth from Hydra
the parent which breaks off and Yeast fungus
becomes a separate individual
(D) Spore Producing smal~ lightweight Hibiscus
formation spores, to assist dispersal Flamboyant

32. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Item 34 refers to the diagram below which
anther? shows a longitudinal section through an ovule
of an angiosperm.
(A) Pollen grain
(B) Stomium
( C) Funiculus
(D) Tapetum

Item 33 refers to the diagram below of an

anther.
,-----I

II

34. Iffertilized, theregionlabelledXwilldevelop

into the
III
(A) seed coat
(B) pericarp
IV
(C) fleshy part of the seed
(D) fleshy part of the fruit

'
)
33. Which of the labelled structures will produce
the gametes?

(A) I
(B) II
{C) m
(D) N

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 -8-

35. The following are advantages of two types Item 38 refers to the table below which shows
of pollination. results before and after fertilization in plants.

I. No need for another plant

Before Fertilization After Fertilization
II. Increases vigour
III. Widens gene pool Ovary and contents Fruit
IV. No loss of advantageous phenotypes Ovary wall Pericarp

Which of the above are specific to cross Structure X Seed

pollination? Integuments Structure Y

(A) I and II only

(B) I and IV only 38. Structure Xis MOST likely the
(C) II and III only (A) testa
(D) I, II, III arid IV (B) cotyledon
(C) ovule
(D) pollen tube
36. The nucellus of the ovule in an ovary is made
up of
Item 39 refers to the diagram below which
(A) sclerenchyma cells represents a human embryo developing in the
(B) cortical cells uterus.
(C) epidermal cells
(D) parenchyma cells

Item Y1 refers to the diagram below which

shows a simplified version of the structure of
a mammalian testis.

11---l

39. The structure labelled X is the

(A) fluid filled sac which protects the

~-----IV embryo from mechanical shock
(B) site where the female gametes
37. Spermatozoa are stored in the region labelled undergo meiosis during maturation
(C) site of exchange of materials between
(A) I the mother and the foetus
(B) II (D) structure that stores yolk for the
(C) III developing f0etus
(D) N

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 -9-

Item 40 refers to the following diagram which illustrates a section of the human
female reproductive system.

40. Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies the structures labelled P, Q, R

andS?

p Q R s
{A) Oviduct Cervix Myometrium Endometrium
(B) Ovaiy Cervix Endometrium Myometrium
(C) Ovary Uterus Endometrium Myometrium
(D) Oviduct Uterus Myometrium Endometrium

Item 41 refers to the diagram below which shows the transverse sections through
various regions of a sperm.

plasma mitochondrial plasma plasma

nucleus membrane sheath membrane

dense microtubules
I II fibre III IV
microtubules fibrous sheath

41. The region which is MOST likely to be involved in motility is

(A) I
(B) n
(C) m
(D) N
r.n ONTO.Tin: NJ:'YT PA r.p
 - 10 -
42. A temporary suspension of the menstrual Item 44 refers to the diagram below showing
cycle occurs during the structure of a section of the placenta.

(A) menopause IV II
(B) ovulation
(C) pregnancy I
(D) menstruation

Item 43 refers to the diagram below which

shows the level of reproductive hormones in
the blood of a human female during the
reproductive cycle.
44. Which labelled structure contains MANY
mitochondria?

(A) I
(B) II
(C) ill
(D) IV

45. High dose progesterone-only pills

43. The hormone labelled ill is MOST likely to
be (A) directly cause lysis of sperm
(B) promote a build up of the
(A) oestrogen endometrium
(B) FSH (C) promote thinning of the cervical
(C) LH mucus
(D) progesterone (D) completely inhibit follicular
development and ovulation

IFYOUFINISHBEFORE TIMEISCALLED,CHECKYOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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22107010/CAPE2008 .J