1)

𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒

𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦 1 = 2
𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠: 𝑦 = 𝐶 𝑒 −5𝑥

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑦 1 = 𝐶 𝑒 −5(1) = 2
𝐶 = 2𝑒 5

𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐ó𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑠:

𝑦 = 2𝑒 5 𝑒 −5𝑥
2)

1 ′′
2
2
𝑦=𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥

1 2 2 2
1
′
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 2− 3− 2 𝑥 − =0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
′′
2
𝑦 =2− 3 2 2
𝑥 2− 3−2+ 3 =0
𝑥 𝑥
𝐿𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎
𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 0=0
3)

𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 … … (1)

𝑦 0 = 𝐶𝑒 − 0 =1
𝐶=1
𝑦 = (1)𝑒 −𝑥

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎:
𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥
4)

𝐶. 𝐼. : 𝑦′ 0 = 8

𝑦 = 𝐴 cos 2𝑡 + 𝐵 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑡 … . (1) 𝑦 ′ = 𝐴 −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑡 + 𝐵 2𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)

𝐶. 𝐼. : 𝑦 0 = 3
𝑦 ′ 0 = 𝐴 −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2 0 + 𝐵 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 0 =8
𝑦 0 = 𝐴 cos 2 0 + 𝐵 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2 0 =3
= 𝐴 −2 0 + 𝐵2 (1)) = 8
𝐴(1) + 𝐵 (0) = 3 𝐵=4
𝐴=3 𝐸𝑛 1 : 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎:
𝑦 = 3 cos 2𝑡 + 4 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑡
5)
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
Verificar que la función 𝑦 = es solución particular de la EDO 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥

𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝐸𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙:

𝑦=
𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑣 − 𝑢𝑣′
′= cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑣 𝑣2 𝑥 − + = cos 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ′ 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑥′
𝑦′ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑥2 cos 𝑥 − + = cos 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 (1)
𝑦′ = cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝑥2
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜
′ cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑦 = −
𝑥 𝑥2
6)
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 = 0
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 = 0 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 2
𝑦𝑦 ′ = −𝑥 𝑦 2 = −𝑥 2 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:

𝑦2 𝑥2
=− +𝐶
2 2
7)
Verificar que la función 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶 es solución general de la
EDO 𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 = 0. Además, determinar la solución particular
que cumple la condición inicial 𝑦 2 = 2.

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶 "𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎" 𝑥
𝑦 − +𝑥 =0
𝑦
𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑥
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑎: 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 −𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0

2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦′ = 0 0=0 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜

′
𝑥
𝑦 =−
𝑦
𝐸𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙:
𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 = 0