MATEMÁTICA E FUTEBOL

Translation and transcription

TIME / TEXT

[00:07]: INC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CINEMA

EDUCATIVE FILME DEPARTMENT

Presents

[00:12]: MATH AND SOCCER

[00:17]: SCREENPLAY

[00:19]: PRODUCTION ASSISTANT

NARRATION

SOUND

LABORATORY

EFFECTS

ANIMATION

[00:26]: THANKS TO

[00:29]: PHOTOGRAPHY DIRECTOR

PHOTOGRAPHY ASSISTANT

[00:34]: TEACHING ASSISTANT

[00:36]: PRODUCTION

[00:39]: EXECUTION

[00:57]: A soccer match can be played in any field, with any ball, with any number of players.

[01:08]: A professional soccer match, however, requires a set of well-trained athletes. And to represent a
set we use the DIAGRAM.

[01:18]: A set of shirts.

[01:23]: A set of soccer boots. Socks. Shorts.

[01:28]: Professional soccer matches are played in stadiums, conceived to host a great number of soccer
fans. Famous stadiums: Beira Rio, in Porto Alegre; Mineirão, in Belo Horizonte; and Maracanã, in Rio de
Janeiro. You are seeing a set with three elements. Each one of the unities in the set is an elemento of the
set.

[01:55]: Now you are seeing a set with only one element.

[02:31]: The set of players in each team has 11 elements. If you can count all the elements in a set, then
it is a finite set- meaning, one with a finite number of elements.

[02:47]: In math, “set” has a very broad meaning. How would you answer this question: What’s the
number of elements of the set of soccer fans who are still in the stadium? If you answered that the set of
soccer fans who still are in the stadium has only one element, you scored a point.

[03:11]: A finite set, with only one element, is called unitary set.

[03:22]: Now the stadium has no soccer fans - meaning, with zero soccer fans – and no soccer players –
meaning, with zero soccer players.

[03:37]: A set with no elements, like the set of players in the field at this instant, is called a void or empty
set. Sets can also be constituted of an infinite number of elements. The set of points in the field is infinite:
between two points there can always be another point.

[04:02]: The players in the Brazilian national team represent the best in our soccer. We see there a
collective practice game, in which take part 22 players summoned to play in the next World Cup.]

[04:20]: A set can be represented in several manners. With a diagram, of graphical representation.

[04:32]: Another way of representing a set is this, called formal representation.

[05:03]: Now we are seeing the formal representation of an unitary set.

[05:11]: There’s the goal, empty of ball and players. This is the formal representation of an empty set.

[05:49]: For every player in the Brazilian national team there is a shirt number. To each shirt number there
is only one player. When every element in a giver set has one – and only one – correspondent element in
another set, and vice-versa, we call this a bi-univocal correspondence. Or one-to-one. If you’re a good
soccer fan, you know the players in your team, their positions, and their shirt numbers. This is knowing a
set: to know every element that BELONGS to the set.

[06:36]: Mathematicians can write that Jair belongs to the set of the Brazilian national team players in the
following manner: seven BELONGS to the set of numbers from 1 to 11.

[06:55]: There’s Edu. 11 belongs to the set of numbers from 1 to 11.

[07:24]: Some national team players don’t take part in all the games. They’re on the bench. We can write
that the player who has the 12 shirt is not one of the 11 main players in the following manner: 12 doesn’t
belong to the set of numbers from 1 to 11. Now score another point by reading correctly this
representation.
[08:00]: A set like the Brazilian national team contains other sets, with less elements, called subsets. We
could say that the subset {7, 8, 9, 10 and 11} IS COINTAINED in the set of numbers from 1 to 11.

[08:27]: Now there’s a moment in which the attacking players try to score a goal.

[08:40]: And the subset of players who are on the bench? Such subset is or isn’t contained in the set of
players playing in this match? The subset of number {12, 13 and 14} is NOT contained in the set of numbers
from 1 to 11.

[09:11]: To say that the subset Carlos Alberto, Jair, Gerson {4, 7 and 8} is contained in the set of numbers
from 1 to 11 is the same thing as saying that the set of numbers from 1 to 11 contains the subset {4, 7 and
8}. One thing is the logical requirement of the other.

[09:44]: To those who believe soccer is luck, let’s analyze this superb moment that resulted in a goal. If
the adversary intercepts the pass, then there’s no goal; if the goalie catches the ball, it means there’ll be
no goal; if Pelé misses the goal when he kicks the ball, then there’s no goal. If Pelé enters the goal with
the ball and everything, then there’s a goal. A goal like that requires physical preparation from the athlete;
the improvement of the team through personal effort from the athletes redounds in victories. Victories,
then are a resultant of the physical preparation of the players. This is a double implication. It’s an
equivalence.