Respiratory System SAT Answers 3-6

1. (a) respiratory system  1

if more than one box ticked, award no mark
(b) part A: windpipe or trachea accept ‘cartilage’ 1
part B: lung 1
(c) ribs accept ‘rib cage’ 1
do not accept ‘breast bone’
(d) (i) filtration accept ‘filtering’ 1
do not accept ‘sieving’
(ii) he might choke or cough or sneeze or get a sore throat 1
accept ‘it could cause cancer or lung
disease’
accept ‘his lungs might be damaged
accept ‘his airways could be clogged’
accept ‘his lungs or throat might get
infected’
or ‘he might get asthma’
accept ‘he has difficulty breathing’
do not accept ‘he cannot breathe’
[6]

2. (a) (i) oxygen and carbon dioxide 1

(ii) smaller surface area answers may be in either order 1
both are required for the mark
accept ‘O2 and CO2’
accept ‘nitrogen’ instead of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
do not accept ‘smaller’
(b) (i) nicotine 1
(ii) tar 1
(iii) carbon monoxide 1
[5]

3. (a) (i) Amy and Kisham answers may be in either order 1

both answers are required for the mark
(ii) any one from 1
 traffic pollution or air pollution
‘pollution’ is insufficient
 passive smoking
 faulty gas fires or faulty gas heaters

greenwich bulk LEA 1

 (b) any two from 2
 smokers have a higher concentration of carbon
monoxide in the blood
accept ‘they have a lot of carbon monoxide
in their blood’
 the blood of smokers contains or transports less
oxygen
accept ‘not enough oxygen gets to the
muscles or to other parts of the body or to
the other cells’
do not accept ‘stops the blood taking up
oxygen’
 smokers breathe more quickly to try to get enough
oxygen or air
do not accept ‘less oxygen gets into the
lungs’
accept ‘smoke contains carbon monoxide’
or
accept ‘smokers breathe in more carbon
monoxide’
[4]

4. (a) any one from 1

 to prevent it collapsing accept ‘protects against
collapse’
 to keep it open ‘for protection’ is insufficient
 for support accept ‘for strength’
accept ‘for flexibility’
(b) (i) A: oxygen accept ‘O2’ 1
B: carbon dioxide accept ‘CO2’
both answers are required for the mark
(ii) any one from 1
 it is thin
 it is one cell thick
 it is close to the blood supply
accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’
accept ‘it is moist’
(c) (i) any one from 1
 it moves mucus accept ‘it moves bacteria’
 it sweeps dust from lungs
‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient
(ii) any one from 1
 it paralyses the cilia
 it stops the cilia working

greenwich bulk LEA 2

  it clogs the cilia
accept ‘it destroys them’
do not accept ‘it kills cilia’
(iii) nicotine 1
[6]

greenwich bulk LEA 3

5. (a) (i) P 1
(ii) S 1
(b) (i) oxygen 1
(ii) carbon dioxide 1
(c) so that oxygen or carbon dioxide or gases can pass through quickly or easily 1
do not accept ‘so air can pass through easily’
do not accept ‘so that oxygen can pass through’
accept ‘so they can expand easily’
(d) any one from 1
 so that a lot of oxygen can be absorbed or taken in
accept ‘so that enough oxygen or carbon
dioxide or gas can pass through’
 the body needs a lot of oxygen
 so that a lot of carbon dioxide can be removed
accept ‘so that gas can pass through quickly’
[6]

greenwich bulk LEA 4