Chapter 1

1. If a router cannot find a valid configuration file during the startup sequence, what will
occur?

The startup sequence will reset.

*The router will prompt the user for a response to enter setup mode.
The startup sequence will halt until a valid configuration file is acquired.
The router will generate a default configuration file based on the last valid configuration.
The router will monitor local traffic to determine routing protocol configuration
requirements.

2.

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has configured the router with the
interface IP addresses shown for the directly connected networks. Pings from the router
to hosts on the connected networks or pings between router interfaces are not working.
What is the most likely problem?

The destination networks do not exist.

The IP addresses on the router interfaces must be configured as network addresses and
not host addresses.
* The interfaces must be enabled with the no shutdown command.
Each interface must be configured with the clock rate command.

3.
Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output in the exhibit?
(Choose two.)

This router only has two interfaces.

The router interfaces are not operational yet.
This router is configured to forward packets to remote networks.
* The FastEthernet0/0 and Serial0/0/0 interfaces of this router were configured with an IP
address and the no shutdown command.
* An IP packet received by this router with a destination address of 198.18.9.1 will be
forwarded out of the Serial0/0/0 interface.

4.

Refer to the exhibit. The frame shown in the exhibit was received by the router. The
router interfaces are operational. How will the router process this frame? (Choose two.)

The router will change the source and destination IP address in the packet before
forwarding the frame.
* The router will change the frame type to one supported by the WAN link before
forwarding the frame.
The router will use the destination MAC address to determine which interface to forward
the packet.
The router will look up the MAC address of the S0/0/0 interface in the ARP table and add
it to the frame before forwarding.
* The frame was received on the Fa0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the
S0/0/0 interface.
The frame was received on the S0/0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the
Fa0/0 interface.
5. Passwords can be used to restrict access to all or parts of the Cisco IOS. Select the
modes and interfaces that can be protected with passwords. (Choose three.)

* VTY interface
* console interface
Ethernet interface
secret EXEC mode
* privileged EXEC mode
router configuration mode

6. Which two statements correctly describe the components of a router? (Choose two.)

RAM permanently stores the configuration file used during the boot sequence.
* ROM contains diagnostics executed on hardware modules.
NVRAM stores a backup copy of the IOS used during the boot sequence.
* Flash memory does not lose its contents during a reboot.
ROM contains the most current and most complete version of the IOS.
Flash contains boot system commands to identify the location of the IOS

7.

Refer to the exhibit. After host 2 is connected to the switch on the LAN, host 2 is unable
to communicate with host 1. What is the cause of this problem?

The subnet mask of host 2 is incorrect.

* Host 1 and host 2 are on different networks.
The switch needs an IP address that is not configured.
The router LAN interface and host 1 are on different networks.
The IP address of host 1 is on a different network than is the LAN interface of the router.

8. Which are functions of a router? (Choose three.)

packet switching
* extension of network segments
* segmentation of broadcast domains
* selection of best path based on logical addressing
election of best path based on physical addressing

9.

Refer to the exhibit. All routers have a route in its routing table to each network that is
shown in the exhibit. Default routes have not been issued on these routers. What can be
concluded about how packets are forwarded in this network? (Choose two.)

If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.1.1, it will be forwarded out
interface Fa0/0.
* If RouterA receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.3.146, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/1.
* If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.27.15, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/1.
If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 172.20.255.1, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/0.
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 192.16.5.101, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/1.

10.

The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration
commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the
Melbourne site? (Choose three.)
* Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
* Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
* Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2

11.

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output of the running-configuration
of a router?

The passwords are encrypted.

The current configuration was saved to NVRAM.
The configuration that is shown will be the one used on the next reboot.
* The commands that are displayed determine the current operation of the router.

12.
Refer to the exhibit. Host A pings host B. When R4 accepts the ping into the Ethernet
interface, what two pieces of header information are included? (Choose two.)

source IP address: 192.168.10.129

source IP address: BBBB.3333.5677
destination IP address: 192.168.10.33
* destination IP address: 192.168.10.134
* destination MAC address: 9999.DADC.1234

13. What is the outcome of entering these commands?

R1(config)# line vty 0 4

R1(config-line)# password check123
R1(config-line)# login

ensures that a password is entered before entering user EXEC mode

* sets the password to be used for connecting to this router via Telnet
requires check123 to be entered before the configuration can be saved
creates a local user account for logging in to a router or switch

14. Which of the following is the correct flow of routines for a router startup?

load bootstrap, load IOS, apply configuration

load bootstrap, apply configuration, load IOS
* load IOS, load bootstrap, apply configuration, check hardware
check hardware, apply configuration, load bootstrap, load IOS

15. What three processes does a router execute when it receives a packet from one
network that is destined for another network? (Choose three.)

* decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by stripping off the Layer 2 frame header
uses the destination MAC Address in the IP Header to look up the next-hop address in the
routing table
leaves the Layer 2 frame header intact when decapsulating the Layer 3 packet
* uses the destination IP Address in the IP header to look up the next-hop address in the
routing table
* encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into the new Layer 2 frame and forwards it out the exit
interface
encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into a special Layer 1 frame and forwards it to the exit
interface

16. The network administrator needs to connect two routers directly via their FastEthernet
ports. What cable should the network administrator use?

straight-through
rollover
* cross-over
serial

17. Which two statements describe characteristics of load balancing? (Choose two.)

Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination
networks. Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different
destination networks.
* Load balancing allows a router to forward packets over multiple paths to the same
destination network.
* Unequal cost load balancing is supported by EIGRP.
If multiple paths with different metrics to a destinations exist, the router cannot support
load balancing.

18. What information about the router and its startup process can be gathered from the
output of the show version command? (Choose three.)

* the last restart method

the command buffer contents
the amount of NVRAM and FLASH used
* the configuration register settings
* the location from where the IOS loaded

19.

Which interfaces in the exhibit could be used for a leased line WAN connection? (Choose
two.)

*1
2
3
*4
5
6

20. From what location can a router load the Cisco IOS during the boot process? (Choose
two.)

RAM
* TFTP server
NVRAM
setup routine
* Flash memory
terminal

21. A network administrator has just entered new configurations into Router1. Which
command should be executed to save configuration changes to NVRAM?

Router1# copy running-config flash

Router1(config)# copy running-config flash
Router1# copy running-config startup-config
Router1(config)# copy running-config startup-config
* Router1# copy startup-config running-config
Router1(config)# copy startup-config running-config

22. What is the default sequence for loading the configuration file?

NVRAM, FLASH, ROM

FLASH, TFTP,CONSOLE
* NVRAM, TFTP, CONSOLE
FLASH, TFTP, ROM

23. What header address information does a router change in the information it receives
from an attached Ethernet interface before information is transmitted out another
interface?

only the Layer 2 source address

only the Layer 2 destination address
only the Layer 3 source address
only the Layer 3 destination address
* the Layer 2 source and destination address
the Layer 3 source and destination address

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chpater 2 Exam

Answers
1. Which of the following are displayed by the Router# show cdp neighbors command?
(Choose three.)

load
*platform
reliability
*holdtime
*local interface

2. Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route whose
exit interface is an Ethernet network?

Adding the next-hop address eliminates the need for the router to do any lookups in the
routing table before forwarding a packet.
*In a multi-access network, the router cannot determine the next-hop MAC address for
the Ethernet frame without a next-hop address.
Using a next-hop address in a static route provides a route with a lower metric.
In multi-access networks, using a next-hop address in a static route makes that route a
candidate default route.

3. The output of the Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 command displays the following:

Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.

What is the most likely cause for the line protocol being down?
Serial0/1 is shutdown.
There is no cable connecting the routers.
The remote router is using serial 0/0.
*No clock rate has been set.

4. A static route that points to the next hop IP will have what administrative distance and
metric in the routing table?

administrative distance of 0 and metric of 0

*administrative distance of 0 and metric of 1
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 1

5. Refer to the exhibit. What two commands will change the next-hop address for the
10.0.0.0/8 network from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two.)

A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2

A(config)# no ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
*A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0/0
*A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
6. Refer to the exhibit. A company network engineer is assigned to establish connectivity
between the two Ethernet networks so that hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 subnet can contact
hosts on the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet. The engineer has been told to use only static routing for
these company routers. Which set of commands will establish connectivity between the
two Ethernet networks?

R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0

255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
*R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1

7. Refer to the exhibit. Which static route should be configured on Router1 so that host A
will be able to reach host B on the 172.16.0.0 network?

ip route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/1
*ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0

8. What address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24,

172.16.3.0/24, and 172.16.4.0/24?

*172.16.0.0/21
172.16.1.0/22
172.16.0.0 255.255.255.248
172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0

9. Refer to the exhibit. What is the significance of the /8 in the route to the 10.0.0.0
network?

It indicates that there are 8 hops between this router and the 10.0.0.0 network.
It represents the time, in milliseconds, it takes for a ping to reply when sent to the
10.0.0.0 network.
It indicates that there are 8 subnets in the destination network to which the router can
forward packets.
*It indicates the number of consecutive bits, from the left, in the destination IP address of
a packet that must match 10.0.0.0 to use that route.

10. What two devices are responsible for converting the data from the WAN service
provider into a form acceptable by the router? (Choose two).
the serial port of the router
*a modem
a switch the ethernet port of the router
*a CSU/DSU device
a DTE device

11. A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 S0/1/0. Router1 then receives a packet that is destined for
192.168.0.22/24. After finding the recently configured static route in the routing table,
what does Router1 do next to process the packet?

drops the packet because the destination host is not listed in the routing table
looks up the MAC address of the S0/1/0 interface to determine the destination MAC
address of the new frame
performs a recursive lookup for the IP address of the S0/1/0 interface before forwarding
the packet
*encapsulates the packet into a frame for the WAN link and forwards the packet out the
S0/1/0 interface

12. Which piece of information is available from examining the output of the command
show ip interface brief?

Interface speed and duplex

Interface MTU
Errors
Interface MAC address
*Interface IP address

13. Which of the following is true regarding CDP and the graphic shown?

CDP running on Router D will gather information about routers A, B, C, and E.

*By default, Router A will receive CDP advertisements from routers B and C.
If routers D and E are running different routing protocols, they will not exchange CDP
information.
Router E can use CDP to identify the IOS running on Router B.

14. Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose two.)

*It starts up automatically and allows the device to detect directly connected neighbor
devices that use CDP.
It operates at the network layer and allows two systems to learn about each other.
It creates a topology map of the entire network.
*It allows systems to learn about each other even if different network layer protocols are
configured.
It forwards advertisements about routes for faster convergence.
15. Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator
suspects a missing route in one of the routing tables. Which three commands can be used
to help troubleshoot Layer 3 connectivity issues? (Choose three.)

*ping
show arp
*traceroute
*show ip route
show interface
show cdp neighbor detail

16. What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing interface is
not available?

*The route is removed from the table.

The router polls neighbors for a replacement route.
The route remains in the table because it was defined as static.
The router redirects the static route to compensate for the loss of the next hop device.

17. The routers in the diagram use the subnet assignments shown. What is the most
efficient route summary that can be configured on Router3 to advertise the internal
networks to the cloud?

192.1.1.0/26 and 192.1.1.64/27

192.1.1.128/25
192.1.1.0/23 and 192.1.1.64/23
192.1.1.0/24
*192.1.1.0/25
192.1.1.0/24 and 192.1.1.64/24

18. Refer to the exhibit. How will packets destined to the 172.16.0.0 network be
forwarded?

*Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/0.
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/1.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will be
dropped.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will take
gateway of last resort and exit out S0/2.

19. A router has one static route to each destination network. Which two scenarios would
require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that router?
(Choose two.)

*The destination network no longer exists.

The destination network is moved to a different interface on the same router.
The path between the source and destination is upgraded with a higher bandwidth link.
*A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is not
accessible.
The remote destination network interface has to be down for 15 minutes of maintenance.

20. Refer to the exhibit. Given the output in the exhibit, how would a clock rate be
determined for this link?

The rate would be negotiated by both routers.

A rate would not be selected due to the DCE/DTE connection mismatch.
The rate configured on the DTE determines the clock rate.
*The rate configured on the DCE determines the clock rate.

21. Refer to the exhibit. Which set of commands will configure static routes that will
allow the WinterPark and the Altamonte routers to deliver packets from each LAN and
direct all other traffic to the Internet?

*WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1Altamonte(config)# ip route

10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1Altamonte(config)# ip route
10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.146.1Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.146.2Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0

22. Refer to the exhibit. What two commands are required to provide connectivity
between the 192.168.1.0 and 10.0.0.0 networks without requiring recursive lookup?
(Choose two.)

*A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0

A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A (config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/0/0
*B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/0/0
B (config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/1/0

1 CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 5

Exam Answers
Refer to the exhibit. The network that is shown is running RIPv1. The 192.168.10.0/24
network was recently added and will only contain end users. What command or set of
commands should be entered on Router1 to prevent RIPv1 updates from being sent to the
end user devices on the new network while still allowing this new network to be
advertised to other routers?

Router1(config-router)# no router rip

Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0
* Router1(config-router)# no network 192.168.10.0
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface fastethernet 0/0
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface serial 0/0/0

2. The following line was displayed in the output of the show ip route command.

R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:30, Serial0/0

What is the value of the routing metric?

*3
12
20
30
120

3. Which of the following is considered a limitation of RIP v1?

* RIP v1 does not send subnet mask information in its updates.

RIP v1 is not widely supported by networking hardware vendors.
RIP v1 consumes excessive bandwidth by multicasting routing updates using a Class D
address.
RIP v1 requires enhanced router processors and extra RAM to function effectively.
RIP v1 does not support load balancing across equal-cost paths.
RIP v1 authentication is complicated and time-consuming to configure.

4
Refer to the exhibit. The Ethernet interface on Router2 goes down and the administrator
notices that the route is still in the Router1 routing table. How much longer will Router1
keep the down network in its routing table before marking it as possibly down?

30 seconds
90 seconds
* 155 seconds
180 seconds
255 seconds

Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is running RIPv1. What command was entered into Router1
to configure the gateway of last resort?

no auto-summary
ip default-network 0.0.0.0
ip default-gateway 0.0.0.0
* ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/1

6. What are three characteristics of the RIPv1 routing protocol? (Choose three.)

supports the use of VLSM

* uses hop count as a metric
* considers a metric of 16 as infinity
has an administrative distance of 110 by default
includes the destination IP address and subnet mask in routing updates
*calculates metrics using the Bellman Ford algorithm

Which of the following would be the correct command sequence to enable RIP on Router
B for all connected networks?

RouterB# router rip

RouterB(router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(router)# network 220.17.29.0
RouterB(router)# network 211.168.74.0

RouterB(config)# router rip

RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 211.168.74.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 199.84.32.0

RouterB(config)# configure router rip

RouterB(config-router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 199.84.32.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 211.168.74.0

RouterB(config)# router rip

RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 211.168.74.0

* RouterB(config)# router rip

RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 220.17.29.0

8. What is the default update period in seconds for the RIP routing protocol?
10
12
15
20
* 30
60

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output of router B?

A static default route has been configured on B.

* The default-information originate command has been entered on A.
All traffic that is destined for 192.168.1.1 will be sent to address 0.0.0.0.
Hosts on the 10.16.1.0/27 network have 192.168.1.1 configured as the default gateway
address.

10
Refer to the exhibit. A network consists of multiple routers. What can be verified when
the show ip protocols command is issued on one of the routers in the network?

whether all routes in the network have been properly added to the routing table
* routing protocol configuration in use for IP on this router
operational status of routing protocols in use on all routers in the network
routing metric of each network that is listed in the routing table

11

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured with valid interface addresses in the
indicated networks and are running RIPv1. The network is converged. Which routes are
present in the routing tables?

All routers have all routes in their routing table.

All routers have all /30 routes, but do not have /24 routes in their routing table.
* All routers have all /30 routes. Routers A and E also have some of the /24 routes in their
routing table.
All routers have all /30 routes. Routers B and D also have some of the /24 routes in their
routing table.
Routers A and E have all routes. Routers B and D have only /30 routes in their routing
table.
Routers A and E have only /24 routes. Routers B and D have only /30 routes in their
routing table.

12. Which two statements are true regarding the characteristics of RIPv1? (Choose two).

It is a distance vector routing protocol.

It advertises the address and subnet mask for routes in routing updates.
The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a TCP segment.
* The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a UDP segment.
It broadcasts updates every 15 seconds.
* It allows a maximum of 15 routers in the routing domain.

13. Which command or set of commands will stop the RIP routing process?

RouterB(config)# router rip

RouterB(config-router)# shutdown
RouterB(config)# router rip
RouterB(config-router)# network no 192.168.2.0
* RouterB(config)# no router rip
RouterB(config)# router no rip

14

Refer to the exhibit. All routers in the exhibit are running RIP v1. The network
administrator issues the show ip route command on router A. What routes would appear
in the routing table output if the network is converged? (Choose two).

* R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1]
C 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1]
R 10.10.3.0/24 [120/0]
C 10.10.3.0/24 [120/1]
* R 10.10.1.0/24 [120/2]
R 10.10.1.0/24 [120/3]
15. Which command will display RIP activity as it occurs on a router?
* debug ip rip
show ip route
show ip interface
show ip protocols
debug ip rip config
show ip rip database

16

Refer to the output from the show ip route command. What can be concluded from the
output of this router command?

A preferred route to the destination has not been set.

There are two equal cost paths to network 1.0.0.0.
* Both interfaces are being used equally to route traffic.
A variance must be set to load-balance across multiple paths.

17.

Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running the RIPv1 protocol. The network
administrator configures the command network 10.1.0.0 on Router1. What network will
Router1 advertise to Router2?

10.1.0.0/16
10.1.0.0/8
10.0.0.0/16
* 10.0.0.0/8

18.

Refer to the exhibit. Pings between the serial interfaces of the routers are successful.
Hosts on each LAN can ping the Fa0/0 interface of the router to which they are directly
connected through the switch. However, pings between hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 and
10.1.2.0/24 networks are unsuccessful. What is a likely cause of this problem?

The Fa0/0 interface on R1 is configured as a passive interface.

The Fa0/0 interfaces on each router is shutdown.
* RIP is configured incorrectly on R1.
Automatic summarization is preventing the routing updates from being forwarded.
The network has not converged and R2 must wait 12 more seconds before receiving a full
routing table update from R1.

19. What will happen if an interface IP address is entered for the address portion of the
network command in a RIPv1 configuration instead of a network address?

The router will reject the command.

* A route to the host address will be added to outgoing RIP updates.
A route to the host address will be added to the routing table.
All interfaces in the same classful network as the configured address will be included in
the RIPv1 routing process.

20.

Refer to the exhibit. All routers that are shown are running the RIP routing protocol. All
unknown IP traffic must be forwarded to the ISP. What router or set of routers are
recommended to have both a default route and the default-information originate
command issued to implement this forwarding policy?

only Router1
* only the gateway router
all routers in the network
only the routers with LANs needing Internet access

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 6 Exam

Answers

1. What does VLSM allow a network administrator to do?

utilize one subnet mask throughout an autonomous system

*utilize multiple subnet masks in the same IP address space
utilize IGRP as the routing protocol in an entire autonomous system
utilize multiple routing protocols within an autonomous system

2
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator needs to create two subnetworks from
10.0.0.0/8 for a router running RIPv2. The Admin subnet requires 120 hosts and the Sales
subnet requires 58 hosts. The network administrator assigned 10.0.1.128/25 to the Admin
subnet. The Sales subnet is given 10.0.1.192/26. What will be the result of this addressing
scheme?

Because RIPv2 does not support VLSM, the subnet masks will not be allowed.
The subnets will not have enough host addresses for the given network requirements.
*The subnets overlap and will be rejected by the router.
The router will support the addressing scheme.

3 A network administrator is tasked with dividing up a class C network among the QA,
Sales, and Administration departments. The QA department is made up of 10 people, the
Sales is made up of 28 people, and the Administration has 6. Which two subnets masks
adequately address the QA and Sales departments? (Choose two.)

255.255.255.252 for QA
*255.255.255.224 for Sales
*255.255.255.240 for QA
255.255.255.248 for QA
255.255.255.0 for Sales

4 Which three interior routing protocols support VLSM? (Choose three.)

*OSPF
RIP v1
*RIP v2
*EIGRP
BGP
STP

5
Refer to the exhibit. What subnet mask will be applied if Router A sends a RIPv1 update
for the network 172.16.1.0 to Router B?

none
8
16
*24

6 What two advantages does CIDR provide to a network? (Choose two.)

*reduced routing table size

dynamic address assignment
automatic route redistribution
*reduced routing update traffic
automatic summarization at classful boundaries

A Class C address has been assigned for use in the network shown in the graphic. Using
VLSM, which bit mask should be used to provide for the number of host addresses
required on Router A, while wasting the fewest addresses?

/31
/30
/29
/28
*/27
/26

Refer to the exhibit. Which address is a broadcast address for one of the subnets that are
shown in the exhibit?

192.168.4.3/29
*192.168.4.15/29
192.168.4.65/26
192.168.4.255/24

Refer to the exhibit. A network technician enters the static route in R1 needed to reach
network 10.1.1.0/24. A ping from the S0/0/0 interface on R1 to host B fails. The
technician begins testing the network and has the following results:

1. pings from R1 to the S0/0/0 interface on R2....successful

2. pings from R1 to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
3. pings from host B to hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 network....successful
4. pings from host B to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
5. pings from R2 to host B....successful.

What is the likely cause of the failure of the ping from R1 to host B?
*The default gateway on host B is not correctly set.
There are no routes back to networks connected to R1 from R2.
There is a Layer 2 problem between R2 and host B.
Host B has a defective Ethernet card.

10

Refer to the exhibit. In the network that is shown, the router interfaces are assigned the
first address in each subnet. Which IP address would be usable for a host on one of the
LANs in this network?

192.168.1.5/30
192.168.2.17/28
192.168.2.63/27
*192.168.2.130/25

11

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to create a subnet for the point-to-
point connection between the two routers. Which subnetwork mask would provide
enough addresses for the point-to-point link with the least number of wasted addresses?

255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
*255.255.255.252

12 Which of the following problems does VLSM help to alleviate?

*the shortage of IP addresses

the difficulty of assigning static IP addresses to hosts in large enterprises
the complexity of implementing advanced routing protocols such as OSPF and EIGRP
the shortage of network administrators qualified in the use of RIP v1 and IGRP

13
Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is summarizing the two groups of routes on
router R1 shown in the exhibit. Which summarization will work for all the subnets?

192.168.0.0/23
192.168.0.0/22
*192.168.0.0/21
192.168.0.0/20

14 Which of the following are contained in the routing updates of classless routing
protocols? (Choose two.)

*32-bit address
next hop router interface
*subnet mask
unicast host address
Layer 2 address

15

Refer to the exhibit. The number of required host addresses for each subnet in a network
is listed in the exhibit. This number includes the host address requirements for all router
ports and hosts on that subnet. After all device and router port address assignments are
determined, what will be the total number of unused host addresses available?

6
14
*29
34
40
62

16
An additional subnet is required for a new Ethernet link between Router1 and Router2 as
shown in the diagram. Which of the following subnet addresses can be configured in this
network to provide a maximum of 14 useable addresses for this link while wasting the
fewest addresses?

192.1.1.16/26
192.1.1.96/28
192.1.1.160/28
192.1.1.196/27
*192.1.1.224/28
192.1.1.240/28

17 A router has a summary route to network 192.168.32.0/20 installed in its routing table.
What range of networks are summarized by this route?

192.168.0.0 – 192.168.32.0/24
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.47.0/24
*192.168.32.0 – 192.168.47.0/24
192.168.32.0 – 192.168.48.0/24
192.168.32.0 – 192.168.63.0/24

18

In the network shown in the graphic, three bits were borrowed from the host portion of a
Class C address. How many valid host addresses will be unused on the three point-to-
point links combined if VLSM is not used?
3
4
12
36
*84
180

19

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to minimize the number of entries
in Router1’s routing table. What should the administrator implement on the network?

VLSM
*CIDR
private IP addresses
classful routing

20 What is a supernet?

the network for a default route

*a summarization of classful addresses
a network that contains both private and public addresses
a set of discontiguous networks that are controlled by an ISP

1. CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 7

Exam Answers
Refer to the exhibit. If all routers are running RIP version 2, why is there no route for the
192.168.1.32/27 network?

Rip version 2 does not send subnet masks in its updates.

Router A is not setup with RIP as a routing protocol.
* Rip version 2 will auto summarize routes by default.
Router B is not setup to advertise the 192.168.1.64/30 network.

2.

Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)

* Router1 will install a route to 192.168.0.0/20

Router1 will install a route to 192.168.0.0/24
Router1 will install a route to 192.168.16.0/24
Router2 will install a route to 192.168.16.0/24
* Router2 will not install a route to 192.168.16.0/20

3.

Refer to the exhibit. Which command on which router will allow Router1 to learn about
the 192.168.0.0/20 network?
Router1(config)# ip classless
Router1(config-router)# no passive-interface serial 0/1/1
* Router2(config-router)# version 2
Router2(config-router)# neighbor 10.0.0.2

4. What are two reasons to implement RIP version 2 rather than RIP version 1? (Choose
two.)

* RIP version 2 supports VLSM.

RIP version 2 supports more than 16 routers.
RIP version 2 supports classful (and not classless) routing
* RIP version 2 supports routing update authentication.
RIP version 2 supports multi-areas.
RIP version 2 uses the Dijkstra algorithm rather than the Bellman-Ford algorithm.

5. How are RIP v1 and RIP v2 similar to one another? (Choose three.)

* They both use hop count as a metric.

* They both have the same metric value for infinite distance.
They both broadcast their updates to their neighbors.
They both send subnet mask information in their updates.
They both provide for authentication of update sources.
* They both use split horizon to prevent routing loops.

6.

Refer to the exhibit. Routers East and West are configured using RIPv1. Both routers are
sending updates about their directly connected routes. The East router can ping the West
router serial interface and West can ping the serial interface of East. However, neither
router has dynamically learned routes from the other. What is most likely the problem?

A gateway of last resort is required.

Subnetting is not supported by RIPv1.
* VLSM is not supported by RIPv1.
One of the routers needs a clock rate on the serial interface.

7.

Refer to the exhibit. Which command will allow Router2 to learn about the
192.168.16.0/28 network?

Router1(config)# ip classless
* Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.16.0
Router1(config-router)# no passive-interface serial 0/1/1
Router2(config-router)# version 2
Router2(config-router)# neighbor 10.0.0.2

8.

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIP version 2. JAX is configured to just
advertise the 10.0.0.0/24 network. CHI is configured to advertise the 172.16.0.0/16
network. A network administrator enters the commands shown in the exhibit. What
changes will occur in this network?

The JAX router will ignore updates for the 172.16.0.0/16 network due to split horizon
issues.
* The CHI router will install a route to the 192.168.0.0/16 network in its routing table.
The routing table for CHI will have the 192.168.0.0/16 route but it will have an S next to
the route.
The ORL router will apply a 255.255.0.0 subnet mask to all networks in the routing
updates it forwards.

9.

Refer to the exhibit. A technician needs to add a new loopback interface to test routing
functionality and network design. The technician enters the following set of commands
on the router:

Sanford(config)# interface loopback1

Sanford(config-if)# ip address 192.168.6.62 255.255.255.252

Why does the router respond with an error?

The router does not allow loopback interface configurations.

*This mask can not be used with this class of addresses.
Classless routing must be configured before this address can be added.
The network address for Loopback1 overlaps with an already configured interface
address.
The router is over the limit for the maximum paths that can be provided in the routing
table.

10. What is the maximum network diameter permitted by the default metric of RIPv2?

*15 hops
16 hops
100 hops
120 hops
255 hops
11. What are two functions of the network command used when configuring routing
protocols? (Choose two.)

* identifies which networks will be included in the routing updates

identifies the hosts addresses that can be summarized in the network
used to list all addresses for remote and local networks
determines which subnet mask to apply to routing updates
* determines which interfaces can send and receive routing updates

12.

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output shown in the exhibit?

The routing table is limited to 2 routes.

The LAN interfaces are participating in the routing process.
One update has been sent out of each serial interface and 2 have been received.
* The no auto-summary has not been configured on this router.

13. A network administrator has been told that the company IP address infrastructure
must adhere to RFC 1918. What three IP address ranges from RFC 1918 could the
administrator use on the network? (Choose three.)

* 10.0.0.0/8
127.0.0.0/8
169.254.0.0/16
* 172.16.0.0/12
* 192.168.0.0/16
209.165.201.0/27

14.

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIPv1. What changes will occur in the
routing table of router B if a loopback interface with an address of 10.16.1.129/27 is
configured on router B?

Routes to the 10.16.1.0/27, 10.16.1.64/27, and 10.16.1.128/27 networks are added.

* A connected route to the 10.16.1.128/27 network is added.
A third route to the 10.0.0.0/8 network with RIPv1 as the source is added.
The 10.0.0.0/8 route is dropped immediately from the routing table after router B is
configured.

15. A network administrator installed four new routers that are running RIPv2. Router1 is
a boundary router in the RIPv2 network and has a default route configured. Once the
network has converged, the network administrator enters Router1(config-router)#
defaultinformation originate on Router1. How will this affect the network?

prevents Router1 from forwarding updates about networks that are not directly connected
causes all routers in the network to synchronize routing updates with Router1
forces Router1 to become the primary or designated router (DR) for updates
* propagates the default route to all routers in the network
16.

Refer to the exhibit. The exhibited network contains a mixture of Cisco and non-Cisco
routers. The command debug ip rip was entered on the JAX router. All routers are
running the same version of RIP. Router CHI and Router ORL are not able to reach the
192.168.1.16/28 network. What is a possible solution to this problem?

Enable split horizon in the network.

* Configure RIPv2 on routers.
Add network 192.168.1.0 to the RIP configuration on the JAX router.
Configure JAX Fa0/0 as a passive interface.
Enable the Serial0/0/0 interface on the JAX router.
Change the IP address on the Fa0/0 interface of the JAX router to 192.168.1.1/24.

17. What field was added to the RIP message header by RFC 1723 to add support for
VLSM and CIDR?

subnet mask
destination port number
* address family identifier
source and destination IP addresses

18.
Refer to the exhibit. What effect will the commands that are shown have on RIP updates
for Router1?

Only version 2 updates are sent to 255.255.255.255.

* Only version 2 updates are sent to 224.0.0.9.
Both version 1 and version 2 updates are sent to 224.0.0.9.
Both version 1 and version 2 updates are sent to 255.255.255.255.

19.

Refer to the exhibit. RIPv1 is configured as the routing protocol for the network that is
shown. The following commands are used on each router:

router rip
network 10.0.0.0
network 172.16.0.0

When this configuration is complete, users on the LAN of each router are unable to
access the remote LANs. Why?

The network statements are configured incorrectly.

A routing loop has been created.
* RIPv1 is unable to route to discontiguous subnets of a major network.
RIPv1 is unable to route networks with a /24 subnet mask.

20. RIPv2 is the configured routing protocol on the routers in a network. The command
Router(config-router)# no version 2 is entered on the routers. What effect does entering
this command have on routing updates?

Subnet masks will be added to the routing updates.

* Routing updates will be sent out using multicast address 224.0.0.9.
Version 1 and 2 updates will be received and the version 2 updates will not be sent.
The RIP routing process will be removed from the router and routing updates will not be
forwarded.
CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 8 Exam
Answers

1.

Refer to the exhibit. What can be determined from this output?

The router will have to perform recursive lookups to forward a packet destined for
192.168.2.213/24.
The parent route for these networks was removed from the routing table.
A route to 192.168.0.0/25 would be classified as a supernet route for the routes listed in
the routing table.
* All of the routes listed are network routes.

2.

Refer to the exhibit. A packet destined for host 128.107.0.5/16 is processed by the JAX
router. After finding the static route in the routing table that matches the destination
network for this packet, what does the router do next?

searches for a default route to forward the packet

drops the packet since the static route does not have an exit interface
* performs a recursive lookup to find the exit interface used to forward the packet
sends a request to neighboring routers for the location of the 128.107.0.0 network

3.
Refer to the exhibit. What parent network will automatically be included in the routing
table when the three subnets are configured on Router1?

* 172.16.0.0/16
172.16.0.0/24
172.16.0.0/30
172.16.1.0/16
172.16.1.0/24

4. The following entry is displayed in the routing table:

R 192.168.8.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/1

What type of route is this?

a level 1 parent route

a level 1 supernet route
* a level 1 ultimate network route
a level 2 child route
a level 2 ultimate child route

5.

Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is running IOS version 12.2. What will the network
administrator need to do so that packets for unknown child routes of 172.16.0.0/24 will
not be dropped?
Issue the ip default-network command
use a classful routing protocol such as RIPv1
*enable either OSPF or ISIS as the routing protocol
issue the ip classless command
do nothing, ip classless is on by default

6.

Refer to the exhibit. Router B receives a packet with a destination address of 10.16.1.97.
What will router B do?

drop the packet

forward the packet via the route to 10.16.1.0
forward the packet via the route to 10.16.1.64
* use the default route

7.

Refer to the exhibit. How many routes in this output qualify for use as ultimate routes?

3
4
5
*7
8
8.

Refer to the exhibit. With the ip classless command issued, what will router R2 do with a
packet destined for host 172.16.4.234?

drop the packet

* send packet out Serial 0/0/1
send packet to network 0.0.0.0
send packet out FastEthernet 0/0

9.

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes this network?

EIGRP is being used

* There is at least one parent and one child route
192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0, and 192.168.4.0 networks are child routes
Traffic going to 172.16.3.0 will be directed to s 0/0/1

10.
Refer to the exhibit. Router1 has been issued the ip classless command. What happens to
packets destined to host 172.16.3.10?

they are dropped

sent to default gateway
* forward out interface Serial0/0/1
forward out interface FastEthernet 0/0

11.

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has discovered that packets destined for
servers on the 172.16.254.0 network are being ropped by Router2. What command
should the administrator issue to ensure that these packets are sent out the gateway of last
resort, Serial 0/0/1?

ip classless
*no ip classless
ip default-network 0.0.0.0
ip default-gateway 172.16.254.1
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial 0/0/1

12. A router has the following entries in its routing table:

S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.128.2
O 192.168.0.0/25 [110/2175] via 172.16.1.1, 00:02:15, FastEthernet0/1
D 192.168.0.0/25 [90/22455] via 172.16.2.2, 00:12:15, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.0.0/26 [120/2] via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/1

The router receives a packet that is destined for a host with the address 192.168.0.58.
Which route would this router use to forward the packet?

the static route

the OSPF route
the EIGRP route
*the RIP route

13. What determines if the router implements a classless route lookup process?

Child routes are present in the routing table.

A classless routing protocol has been configured on the router.
The command ip classless is enabled on the router.
*Multiple routes with different masks to the same destination are in the routing table.
Routing table entries have a next-hop IP address and an exit interface for each child
route.

14. What occurs when no ip classless is implemented on the router?

The router will only support classful IP addressing.

The router will only support classful routing protocols.
The router will use a default route, if present, when a matching route is not found in the
routing table.
* The router will assume it has knowledge of all subnets in the network and will not
search beyond child routes for a better match.

15.

Refer to the exhibit. The graphic contains partial contents of the routing table on router E.
Router E is running version 12.3 of the IOS and is configured for default routing
behavior. Router E receives a packet to forward. Which route in the routing table will be
searched first and why?

172.16.1.0/25 because it is the first ultimate route

0.0.0.0/0 because it is the lowest network number
* 172.16.0.0/25 because it is the first level 1 route
172.18.0.0/15 because it has the shortest mask

16. A network is converged and the routing tables are complete. When a packet needs to
be forwarded, what is the first criterion used to determine the best path in the routing
table?

the route with the smallest AD

*the route with the longest address and mask match to the destination
the route with the highest bandwidth
the route with the best combination of AD and lowest cost

17.

Refer to the exhibit. What subnet mask will Router1 apply to child routes of the
172.16.0.0/24 network?

0.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
* 255.255.255.0
255.255.255.255

18.
Refer to the exhibit. What protocol was used to distribute the routing information for the
network 172.16.1.4?

*RIPv1
RIPv2
EIGRP
OSPF

19. A route to a destination network is learned from multiple routing protocols. What is
used by a Cisco router to select the preferred route to the destination that will be installed
in the routing table?

metric
route prefix
update timer
* administrative distance