It is the science that deals with the COLLECTION, ORGANIZATION,

PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS and INTERPRETATION of data
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

FIELDS
BASIC TERMS
DATA
- Facts and figures
VARIABLE
-characteristics that is observable or measurable
QUALITATIVE -categorical attribute
QUANTITATIVE – actual unit of measures
DISCRETE—counting
CONTINOUS—measurements
POPULATION = GROUP
SAMPLE = SUBGROUP
PARAMETER—numerical

STATISTIC—numerical
SCALES of
MEASUREMENT
NOMINAL categories

ORDINAL ranks

INTERVAL zero has value

RATIO zero has no value

METHODS OFCOLLECTING DATA

INTERVIEW Direct—personal
Indirect—digital
QUESTIONNAIRE Guided Response
Recall
- list of question Dichotomous
Multiple Choice
Multiple Response
Rating Scale
EMPIRICAL - five senses
OBSERVATION
TEST METHOD IQ Test

Registration - mechanical devices

RANDOM OR NON RANDOM OR NON

PROBABILITY SAMPLING PROBABILITY SAMPLING
- equal chances - judgment of the
researcher

LOTTERY METHOD PURPOSIVE SAMPLING

- most common - based on the
- easiest knowledge

SYSTEMATIC CONVENIENCE
SAMPLING - fastest may possible
- selecting the nth
member
STARTIFIED RANDOM QUOTA SAMPLING
- each strata must be - complete the
represented on the study designated proportional
part
CLUSTER SAMPLING CENSUS OR
- cluster COMPLETE
- geographical area ENUMERATION
- data collection from the
entire population
MULTI STAGE
SAMPLING
- double sampling
SAMPLING—process of obtaining sample
TEXTUAL TABULAR GRAPHICAL
- combines - better - most
text and than textual effective
numerical
parts
PRESENTATION OF DATA

PIE GRAPH/
PIE CHART
LINE GRAPH
BAR GRAPH
HISTOGRAM
PICTURE GRAPH/ PICTOGRAM
MAPGRAPH/ CARTOGRAM
SCATTER PLOT
DIAGRAM
KINDS OF GRAPHS/CHART
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

- collection of observations produced by sorting them into classes and

showing their frequency (or numbers) of occurrences in each class
CLASS TALLY FREQUENC CLASS CLASS BOUNDARY<CF >CF RF <RCF >RCF
LIMITS Y MARK

1—7 IIIII-IIIII-II 12 4 0.5—7.512 40 30% 30% 100%

8—14 IIIII-IIIII-I 11 11 7.5—14.523 28 27.5% 57.5% 70%
15—21 IIIII-IIII 9 18 14.5—21.532 17 22.5% 80% 42.5%
22—28 IIIII 5 25 21.5—28.537 8 12.5% 92.5% 20%
29—35 II 2 32 28.5—35.539 3 5% 95% 7.5%
36—42 I 1 39 35.5—42.540 1 2.5% 100% 2.5%
N = 40

RANGE= MAX-MIN
CI = v N
CS =R/CI
LL+UP
2
0.5—NOT CONSTANT
(F/N)X100
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEAN—average

MEDIAN -middle

+
MODE –frequent

+
MEASURES OF LOCATION
QUARTILES—four
DECILE—ten
PERCENTILE—one hundred

VALENCIA, ANGEL JOY C. ABM 11-3

VALENCIA, ANGEL JOY C. ABM 11-3