School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec.

Hawassa University

Example 4.1. (Classification of columns as short or long)

The frame shown in figure below is composed of members with rectangular cross sections. All
members are constructed of the same strength concrete (E is the same for both beams and
columns). Considering bending in the plane of the frame only, classify column EF as long or
short if the frame is braced. All girders are 300 x 600 mm.
600 525 KN
F I
C F M1 = 30 KNm
350 300
3.80 m 300
300 x 350
600
B H
E
400
3.80 m
300 x 400 E M2 = 45 KNm
A D G
9m 7.5 m

Solution:

Moments of inertia

3
300 x600
Girders: I g   54 x10 8 mm 4
12
300 x 400 3
Columns: I DE   16 x10 8 mm 4
12
3
300 x350
I EF   10 .71875 x10 8 mm 4 .
12

Stiffness Coefficients:

 
 
E  54 x108  6 x105 E.
EI g  BE
K K cF
9000
Girders : K g   
Lg   
E  54 x108 
 K EH  K FI   7.2 x105 E.
 7500




E  16 x108  4.21 x105 E
 DE
K
EI 3.8 x103
Columns: K c  c  
Lc 
 K EF 
 
E 10.71875 108  2.82 x105 E
 3.8 x103

The column being considered is column EF.

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples

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School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

Rotational stiffnesses at joints E and F.

 EIcol / L I col / L 
 
 f EIg / Leff   f I g / Leff 
K EF  K DE 4.21x105  2.82x105
Joint E: E    0.53
K BE  K EH 6 x105  7.2 x105
K EF 2.82x105
Joint F: F    0.21
KCF  K FI 6 x105  7.2 x105

E  F
0.53  0.21
m    0.37
2 2
For a braced column (Non sway structure ) for design
Le  m  0.4 0.37  0.4
   0.66  0.7
L  m  0.8 0.37  0.8
Le= (0.7) (3.8) = 2.66m = 2660mm
L Le 2660
The slenderness ratio:   e  
i I A  
10.71875 x108 300 x 350
   26.327.
  30 
  50  25   66.66  ok!
 45 
 The colum is short .

Example 2: A column resting on an independent footing supports a flat slab. The super
imposed factored load transferred from the slab is 1000 kN. Design the column assuming a
gross steel ratio of (a) 0.01. Use concrete C30, steel S300 and class I works. Assume column
height h = 4 m.

Solution: fcd = 13.6 MPa; fyd = 260.87 MPa

Pdu = Ag [ fcd (1 – ρ) + ρ fyd]

(a) For ρ = 0.01 and Pd = 1000 kN,

Pd
Ag 
[ f cd (1   )  f yd ]
1000 * 10 3
S2 = S = 249 mm
13 .6(1  0.01)  0.01(260 .87 )

Use 250 mm × 250 mm cross section

Ast = ρ Ag = 0.01 (250)2 = 625 mm2

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples

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School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

Use 4 numbers of 16 mm dia rods; Ast provided = 804 mm2

Ties: d ≥ 6 mm (or) S ≤ 12* dia of main bar = 192 mm

≥ Dia of main bar/4 = 16/4 = 4 mm ≤ Least lateral dimension = 250 mm
≤ 300 mm
Therefore, use 6 mm dia rods at 190 mm center to center

Example 3
Design a slender braced (non-sway) column subjected to uniaxail bending.
Given: - factored load=1650KN
-factored 1st order equivalent constant
Moment=130KNm
-Geometric length: L=7m and Le=0.7L
-Material data; C-30, S-460 class I work
-Assume Column size
b = 400mm; h = 400mm;
Required: - quantity of reinforcement.
Solution
Assume cover = 20mm; ølong = 20mm and ølat. = 10mm
d ' 40
 = 0.1 and d = 400-40 = 360mm
h 400
Le 0.7 * 7000
ea >= = = 16.33 or 20mm
300 300
Therefore; ea=20mm
Check for second order effect
Le 4900
- λ= = = 42.4
I 4002
A 12

- λmax = 50-25( MM 1
) ; here first order moment is constant throughout the column.
2

Therefore; λmax= 50-25=25

As λ > λmax, second order effect has to be considered
Msd = etot*Nsd=(ee+ea) Nsd =ee* Nsd+ ea* Nsd =first order moment + moment due to ea
= 130+ (1650*0.02) =163kNm

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School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

0.85 f ck 0.85 * 24
For C-30 concrete; fck= 24; fcd= = = 13.6MPa
s 1.5

f yk 460
fyd = = = 400MPa
s 1.15

N sd 1650 * 10 3
νsd = = = 0.76
Ac f cd 400 2 * 13 .6

M sd 163 *10 6
 sd  = =0.187
Ac f cd h 400 2 *13 .6 * 400

Using chart no- 2; for νsd = 0.76 and  sd = 0.187; ω = 0.32;  bal = 0.25

 sd 0.187 1 5 5
K2 = = = 0.75, = K2 ( ) 10-3 = 0.75( * 10 3 = 10.42*10-6
 bal 0.25 r d 360

K1 Le 2 1
e2 = ( ) here K1 = 1 for λ > 35
10 r
1(4900 ) 2
= (10 .42 * 10 6 ) = 25mm
10
130 *10 3
e tot = ee + ea+e2 =  20  25  123 .8mm
1650
123.8 204 .3 *10 3
Msd =Nsd* etot = 1650* = 204.3kNm ,  = 0.236 implies
1000 400 3 *13 .6
ω=0.45
Recalculating k2, μbal=0.3
0.235 1 5
k2= = 0.78 , = 0.78( ) *10 3 = 10.8*10-6
0.3 r 360
e2= 26mm
etot = 124.8
124.8 M sd 205 .1 *10 6
Msd = 1650* = 205.09 kNm ,  sd  = = 0.236
1000 Ac f cd h 400 2 *13 .6 * 400
ω = 0.45
Interaction can be stopped.

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples

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School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

0.45 * 400 2 * 13 .6
Ast  = 2448mm2
400
Use 8 number of 20mm diameter rods.
As provided = 2512, compare the result with minimum and maximum code requirements
>0.008*4002=1280
<0.08*4002=12800 Hence ok

Lateral ties: ø  6 or 20/4=5 Hence use ø 10 bar

 {

Use 10mm diameter bar @240mm c/c.

Example 4
A uni-axial column is to be constructed from a materials C-30, S-400 class I works. If the
diagram for 1st order end moment and axial force are as shown, determine the area of
reinforcement assuming non-sway frame system.(use b/h =300/400 and Le=0.75L, with
L=7.5m)

d' 40
Soln: Assume d’= 40mm; = = 0.1 use uniaxail chart no-2
h 400
ee  0.6eo2+0.4eo1 or 0.4eo2
155
eo2= *1000 =121.1mm
1280
 82
eo1= *1000 =-64.1mm
1280

le 0.75 * 7500
ea  = =18.75mm or 20mm; use ea =20mm
300 300

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School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

0.75 * 7500  82
Check for e2; λ= =48.7 ; λmax=50-25( )=63.2
4002 155
12
λ < λmax; therefore; neglect second order eccentricity
etot=eo2 +ea =121.1+20=141.1mm
141.1
Msd= Nsd*etot=1280* =180.6kNm; fcd= 13.6 ; fyd=347.8
1000
N 1280 *103 M sd 180.61*106
ν = sd  =0.78 and μ=  =0.28
f cdbh 13.6 * 300 * 400 f cd bh2 13.6 * 300 * 4002

implis ώ=0.6

 * Ac * f cd 0.6 * 400 * 300 *13.6

As= = = 2815.4mm; use 8ø22mm bar
f yd 347.8
22 2 * 
Aspov= 8* =3041mm2
4
< Asmax= 0.08*Ag=9600mm2
>Asmin=0.008Ag=960mm2
Lateral reinforcement
Ø  6 or 22/4 S  12* 22 =264 or 300
Use 6mm Ø ties at 260mm spacing.
Example 5
Design a column to sustain a factored design axial load of 900KN and biaxial moments of
Mdx=270KNM and Mdy=180KNm including all other effects. Use C-30, S-300 class I works.

Solution: fck= 24MPa ;fcd=13.6MPa; fyd=260.87MPa

b' h'
Assume b*h = 400*600mm and  = =0.1, Nsd= 900kN
b h
Mh=Mdx=270kNm
Mb=Mdy=180kNm
900 *10 3
ν= =0.28(between0.2 and0.4)
13 .6 * 400 * 600
Mb 180 *10 6 Mh 270 *10 6
b  = =0.14 and  h  = =0.14
f cd Ac b 13 .6 * 600 * 400 2 f cd Ac h 13 .6 * 400 * 600 2
Using biaxial chart no- 9 thus:
for  =0.2;  h =0.14 ,  b =0.14; ώ=0.4
for  =0.4;  h =0.14,  b =0.14; ώ=0.4
By interpolation for  =0.28; ώ=0.4

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples

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School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

 * Ac * f cd
0.4 * 400 * 600 *13.6
As= = =5005mm2
f yd 260.87
< Asmax= 0.08*Ag=19200mm2
>Asmin=0.008Ag=1920mm2
use 8ø30mm bar
Lateral reinforcement

Ø  6 or 30/4 {

Use 8mm Ø ties at 300mm spacing.

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