Aircraft Config

Aircraft Configuration Files Page 1 of 30
Aircraft Configuration Files
Overview CONTENTS
l Testing Changes to aircraft.cfg

The aircraft configuration file (aircraft.cfg) represents the highest level of organization within an l Datum Reference Point
aircraft container. Each aircraft has its own configuration file located in its container (aircraft folder). l Sections of the Configuration
For example, the Mooney Bravo aircraft.cfg can be found at: File
SimObjects\Airplanes\Mooney_Bravo\aircraft.cfg ¡ [airplane_geometry]
The aircraft.cfg file specifies the versions of the aircraft included in the aircraft container, as well as ¡ [airspeed_indicators]
the attributes (name, color, sound, panels, gauges, and so on) for each aircraft and where to find ¡ [altimeters]
the files that define those attributes. Within the aircraft.cfg file there are a number of sections. ¡ [anemometers]
Brackets enclosing the section name identify the various sections. In order for the simulation to ¡ [antidetonation system]
make proper use of any variable, it is important that the variable be located in the correct section. ¡ [attitude_indicators]
While exact spelling is important, none of the terms is case-sensitive. ¡ [autopilot]
The SimObjects.cfg file contains entries to determine which paths to search for aircraft and other ¡ [brakes]
containers. For example: ¡ [cameraconfiguration]
¡ [cameradefinition.n]
¡ [contact_points]
... ¡ [deice_system]
[Entry.12] ¡ [direction_indicators]
¡ [effects]
Path=SimObjects\Airplanes ¡ [electrical]
... ¡ [exits]
¡ [flaps.n]
¡ [flight_tuning]
Additional paths can be added to this file. The paths are either relative to the root folder of the ¡ [fltsim.n]
Prepar3D installation folder, or they are absolute paths -- which can also point to locations on other ¡ [folding_wings]
computers (using the "\\computer name" notation). ¡ [forcefeedback]
The SimObjects.cfg file is in the %PROGRAMDATA%\Lockheed Martin\Prepar3D v4 folder by ¡ [fuel]
default. Please see the Add-ons Overview article for more information. ¡ [gear_warning_system]
¡ [general]
¡ [generalenginedata]
¡ [gpws]
¡ [hydraulic_system]
Testing Changes to aircraft.cfg ¡ [jet_engine]
¡ [keyboard_response]
¡ [launch_assistance]
To see the effects of a change, the aircraft must be reloaded (this is because aircraft are loaded into
¡ [lights]
the memory cache from disk, so you have to flush the cache to enable your changes to take effect).
¡ [magneticcompass]
This involves a couple of steps:
¡ [nitrous system]
¡ [piston_engine]
1. Configure a key command to Reload User Object (which will reload your object from within ¡ [pitot_static]
the simulation). To do this go to Settings, Controls Assignments, and scroll down to ¡ [pneumatic_system]
the Reload User Object event. By default, it's unassigned. Use Change Assignment to ¡ [pressurization]
configure a keystroke combination for this event. Once assigned, you can use this key ¡ [propeller]
command to reload the aircraft within the simulation. ¡ [radios]
2. Turn off AI Traffic. AI traffic aircraft are maintained in the cache and even if you update the ¡ [realismconstants]
aircraft you are currently piloting, if the same aircraft is being used by AI traffic, then your ¡ [reference speeds]
cache won't get updated automatically by simply reloading the plane. So to ensure your ¡ [smokesystem]
aircraft is reloaded from disk, you must also go to the Settings Screen, choose Traffic, and ¡ [stall_warning]
set the Air Traffic Density slider all the way to the left to 0%. ¡ [tailhook]
3. Now you can test changes made to an aircraft.cfg within the simulation by using the Reload ¡ [turbineenginedata]
User Object key command after each change, or set of changes, is made. ¡ [turboprop_engine]
¡ [turn_indicators]
¡ [vacuum_system]
Any errors made in creating or editing the aircraft.cfg file will show up, along with the following error
¡ [variometers]
messages, while an aircraft is being loaded. The error messages are listed in order; that is, the first
¡ [views]
error message represents an error early in the aircraft-loading process.
¡ [voicealerts]
¡ [water ballast system]
Error Message Description ¡ [weight_and_balance]
¡ [yaw_string]
Aircraft Indicates that some essential files are missing from the aircraft
initialization container. If the files are missing, the aircraft will not usually be l Helicopter Specific Sections
failure. displayed in the Select Vehicle dialog box; as a result, this error is rare. ¡ [fuselage_aerodynamics]
¡ [helicopter]
Failed to start up ¡ [mainrotor]
The .air file was not loaded successfully.
the flight model. ¡ [secondaryrotor]
¡ [sling]
This is not a
The visual model (.mdl) file for this aircraft is not compatible with ¡ [turboshaft_engine]
Prepar3D aircraft
Prepar3D.
model.
RELATED LINKS
Visual model could
An error occurred while loading the visual model (.mdl) file.
not be displayed.
l Flight Models
l Notes on Aircraft Systems
l Simulation Object
Configuration Files
l Sound Configuration Files
l SDK Overview
Datum Reference Point
mk:@MSITStore:H:\Prepar3D%20v4\Learning%20Center.chm::/sdk/simulation_obje... 09/12/2017
Positions of aircraft components are given relative to the datum reference point for the aircraft, in the
order: longitudinal, lateral, vertical. The convention for positions is positive equals forward, to the right,
and vertically upward. Units are in feet.
The datum reference point itself is specified in the weight_and_balance section.
Sections of the Configuration File
[fltsim.n]
Each [fltsim.n] section of an aircraft configuration file represents a different version (configuration) of the aircraft, and is known as a configuration
set. Configuration sets allow a single aircraft container to represent several aircraft, and allow those aircraft to share components.
If there is only one section (labeled [fltsim.0]), it is because there is only one configuration set in that aircraft container. If there is more than one
configuration set (labeled [fltsim.0], [fltsim.1], [fltsim.2], and so on), each one refers to a different version of the aircraft.
For instance, there are several versions of the Cessna 172, all housed in the same C172 aircraft container (folder). The various versions must vary
by their title, and may also vary other items such as the panel, description, and sounds.
While these configuration sets share many components, they can each use different panels. The panel= line in the respective fltsim sections thus
refer to the respective panel folder for each aircraft: For example, panel=ifr means that this version of the C172 uses the panel files in the panel.ifr
subfolder.
When creating and referencing multiple model, panel, sound, and texture directories, use the naming convention foldername for all common files
between all vehicle versions and foldername.extension for files unique to each vehicle version, where the extension is a unique identifier for that
configuration set (for example, .ifr). To refer to the folder from the relevant parameter in the aircraft.cfg file, just specify the extension (for example,
panel=ifr).
The parameters in each configuration set can refer to the same files, to different files, or to a mix of files. While using different panels, all Cessna
configurations use the same sounds, and thus the sound parameters in all the fltsim sections point to the single sound folder in the C172 folder.
Each aircraft defined by a configuration set will appear as a separate listing in the Select Vehicle dialog box. The fact that multiple aircraft share
some components is hidden from the user. From a user's perspective, they are distinct aircraft (just as if all the common files were duplicated and
included in three distinct aircraft containers). From a developer's perspective, the aircraft are really just different configuration sets of the same
aircraft. Because they share some files, they make much more efficient use of disk space.
Within each [fltsim.n] section are parameters that define the details of that particular configuration set:
Property Description Examples

The title of the aircraft. The
title version variation that is Mooney Bravo( title=Mooney Bravo )
being loaded
Specifies which AIR (flight

model) file to use. The file
is located in the same
Mooney Bravo( sim=Mooney_Bravo )
sim folder as the aircraft
configuration file. Refer to
Flight Models for details on
how to create an AIR file.
Specifies which model

folder to reference. If no Mooney Bravo( model= )
model
entry is made, the default Mooney Bravo with G1000( model=g1000 )
folder is used.
Specifies which panel folder Mooney Bravo( panel= )

panel
to reference. Mooney Bravo with G1000( panel=g1000 )
Specifies which sound

sound Mooney Bravo( sound= )
folder to reference.
Specifies which texture Mooney Bravo( texture= )

texture
folder to reference. Mooney Bravo Retro( texture=1 )
Specifies which _check.txt

file (located in the aircraft
kb_checklists folder) to use on the Beech Baron 58( kb_checklists=Beech_Baron_58_check )
Checklists tab of the
kneeboard.
Specifies which _ref.txt file

(located in the aircraft
kb_reference folder) to use on the Beech Baron 58( kb_reference=Beech_Baron_58_ref )
Reference tab of the
kneeboard.
The tail number displayed

on the exterior of the
aircraft. This parameter can
atc_id also be edited from the Beech Baron 58( atc_id=N058BE )
Select Vehicle dialog (if the
atc_id_enable parameter is
set to 1). Note that custom
tail numbers burned into

textures will not be
modified by this.
The ATC system will use

the specified airline name
with this aircraft. This is
dependent on ATC
atc_airline recognizing the name. ATC Commercial Airliner( atc_airline=World Travel )
will treat this aircraft as an
airliner when this is used in
conjunction with
atc_flight_number.
The ATC system will use

this number as part of the
aircrafts callsign. ATC will
atc_flight_number treat this aircraft as an
airliner when this is used in
conjunction with
atc_airline.
This value identifies the

manufacturer sub-category
Mooney Bravo( ui_manufacturer="Mooney" )
ui_manufacturer used to group aircraft in
Beech Baron 58( ui_manufacturer="Beechcraft" )
the Select Vehicle dialog in
Prepar3D.

type sub-category used to
ui_type Mooney Bravo( ui_type="Bravo" )
group aircraft in the Select
Vehicle dialog in Prepar3D.

variation sub-category
ui_variation used to group aircraft in Mooney Bravo Retro( ui_variation="White, Blue" )
the Select Vehicle dialog in
Prepar3D.
Mooney Bravo( ui_typerole="Single Engine Prop" )

ui_typerole Beech Baron 58( ui_typerole="Twin Engine Prop" )
role of the aircraft.
Beech King Air 350( ui_typerole="Twin Engine TurboProp" )
This value is used to

ui_createdby identify the creator of the Mooney Bravo( ui_createdby="Lockheed Martin Corporation" )
configuration file.
The aircraft description can

be modified to say
whatever you like about
the aircraft. This
information will be
description displayed in a description
box when the aircraft is
selected. (The \s is used to
produce a semicolon ( ; )
punctuation mark within
the description.).
Setting this flag to 1

enables visual damage
(e.g. parts breaking off) to
be seen when crashing the
visual_damage Mooney Bravo( visual_damage=0 )
aircraft into the scenery.
Note: visual damage will
only work if it is built into
the aircrafts .mdl file.
Setting this flag to 1 will

result in the ATC system
atc_heavy appending the phrase Mooney Bravo( atc_heavy=0 )
heavy to the aircrafts
callsign.
Specifies the preferred

parking for this aircraft,
used by ATC. If this line is
omitted, ATC will determine
parking according to the
type of aircraft and parking
available. If multiple values
de Havilland Dash 8-100( atc_parking_types=RAMP )
atc_parking_types are listed, preference will
CRJ 700( atc_parking_types=GATE,RAMP )
be given in the order in
which they are listed. The
valid values may be one or
more of the following:
RAMP, CARGO, GATE,
DOCK, MIL_CARGO,
MIL_COMBAT.
Specifies one or more ICAO

airline designations so that Refer to the example XML for the TaxiwayParking entry in the Compiling
ATC can direct the aircraft BGL document. The codes entered in the airlineCodes entry should
to a gate that has also match the text entered here. The ICAO codes do not have to be used, and
atc_parking_codes
been designated specifically can be as short as one character, as long as the text strings match, but
for that same airline, for for clarity use of the ICAO codes is recommended.
example, "AAL" for If multiple parking codes are entered, separate them with commas.
American Airlines.
Specifies, in RGB
hexadecimal, the color of

the tail number. The first
two characters following
the 0x specify the red value
in hex, the second two
characters the green, and
the third set the blue. The
atc_id_color King Air 350( atc_id_color=0xffffffff )
final two characters are
unused. Each value can be
between 0 to ff hex, which
is 0 to 255 decimal. Note
that custom tail numbers
burned into textures will
not be modified by this.
The ratio of rotor

revolutions rendered to the
prop_anim_ratio Robinson R22( prop_anim_ratio=-1.76 )
actual revolutions in the
simulator.
This is the specific aircraft

model that the ATC system
atc_model Robinson R22( atc_model=R22 )
recognizes for this type of
aircraft.
The DIS entity type string

specific to this object. The
following is an example
entity type string (without
quotes): "1.2.225.1.6.1.0".
Each integer of the string
dis_entity_type ( dis_entity_type=1.2.225.1.6.1.0 )
represents properties of the
entity type in the following
order: Kind, Domain,
Country, Category,
Subcategory, Specific, and
Extra.
The GUID of External

ExternalSecondarySimID.0
Secondary Sim modules ( ExternalSecondarySimID.0={3E6B47E7-C706-4A10-BC88-
to
that this SimObject works 6E7C199ED5A6} )
ExternalSecondarySimID.n
with.
Optional string data you

ExternalSecondarySimData.0
want to pass to this
to ( ExternalSimData=75,75,100 )
External Secondary Sim
ExternalSecondarySimData.n
module.
Optional integer defining

the number of custom
SimVars to set aside for
this External Secondary
Sim to use. These SimVars
ExternalSecondarySimVarCount.0
are accessed via the
to ( ExternalSecondarySimVarCount=35 )
SimVar name "External
ExternalSecondarySimVarCount.n
Secondary Sim Vars
Value:index", where
index can run from zero to
one less than the value set
in this item.
ExternalSecondarySimModule.0 Optional SimConnect

to module to load when ( ExternalSecondarySimModule=Modules\TestExternalSim.dll )
ExternalSecondarySimModule.n loading this SimObject.
This flag can be used to

override whether or not a
SimObject can be selected
by the user via the Select
Vehicle user interface. This
flag will also be used to
IsSelectableVehicle
override whether or not the
user's avatar can attach to
the vehicle. This flag takes
precedence over the
IsSelectableVehicle value
in the [General] section.
[general]
In addition to the fltsim sections, the general section contains information related to all variations of the aircraft.

This is the specific aircraft type that
Mooney Bravo( atc_type=Mooney )
atc_type the ATC system recognizes for this
Beech Baron 58( atc_type=BARON )
type of aircraft.
This is the specific aircraft model

atc_model that the ATC system recognizes for Mooney Bravo( atc_model=M20T )
this type of aircraft.
editable Unused.
Mooney Bravo( performance="Maximum Speed\t\n220 kts 253 mph\t407

kmh\n\nCruise Speed\t\n195 kts 224 mph \t361
The performance description for the kmh\n\nEngine\t\nTextron Lycoming TIO-540-AF1B 270
aircraft can be edited. The \t is a hp\n\nPropeller\t\nThree-bladed McCauley constant

tab character, and the \n is a new- speed\n\nMaximum Range\t\n1,050 nm 1,204 sm \t1,945
line character. As the flight model km\n\nService Ceiling\t\n25,000 ft 7,620 m\n\nFuel Capacity\t\n89
performance for all variations is the same, the U.S. gal 337 L \n\nEmpty Weight\t\n2,189 lb \t 993 kg\n\nMaximum
performance of each variation Gross Weight\t\n3,368 lb \t 1,528 kg\n\nUseful Load\t\n1,179 lb \t
should also be identical. 535 kg\n\nLength\t\n26.75 ft\t 8.15 m\n\nWingspan\t\n36 ft\t 11
m\n\nHeight\t\n8.33 ft\t 2.5 m\n\nSeating\t\nUp to 4" )
For aircraft, one of airplane or Maule M7 260C( category = Airplane )

category
helicopter. Robinson R22( category = Helicopter )
This flag can be used to override

whether or not a SimObject can be
selected by the user via the Select
Vehicle user interface. This flag will
also be used to override whether or
not the user's avatar can attach to
the vehicle.
By default, vehicles are considered

user selectable if the following
conditions are true:
IsSelectableVehicle l The object's Category is Tracker Sample( IsSelectableVehicle=True )
present in the User Objects
list of the Prepar3D.cfg.
l The object has valid model,
panel, and texture
directories with valid
configuration files
respectively.
If this configuration entry is

present, the default behavior will be
overridden.
[pitot_static]
The vertical_speed_time_constant parameter can be used to tune the lag of the Vertical Speed Indicator for the aircraft:
l Increasing the time constant decreases the lag, making the gauge react more quickly.
l Decreasing the time constant increases the lag, making the gauge react more slowly.
l A value of 0 effectively causes the indication to freeze. If an instantaneous indication is desired, use an excessively large value, such as 99.
l If the line is omitted, the default value is 2.0.

Increases or decreases the lag of the vertical speed
Beech Baron 58
vertical_speed_time_constant indicator. Increasing will cause a more instantaneous
( vertical_speed_time_constant = 1.0 )
reaction in the VSI.
pitot_heat Scale of heat effectiveness, or 0 if not available. Mooney Bravo( pitot_heat = 1.0 )
[weight_and_balance]
The weight and center of gravity of the aircraft can be affected through the following parameters.
Note
In the stock aircraft, the station_load.0, 1, etc. parameters are enclosed in quotation marks. These are used by internal language translation
tools.
Moments of Inertia
A moment of inertia (MOI) defines the mass distribution about an axis of an aircraft. A moment of inertia for a particular axis is increased as mass is
increased and/or as the given mass is distributed farther from the axis. This is largely what determines the inertial characteristics of the aircraft.
The following weight and balance parameters define the MOIs of the empty aircraft, so the values should not reflect fuel, passengers or baggage.
The simulation engine determines the total MOIs with these additional, and variable, influences. The units are slugs per foot squared. Omission of a
parameter will result in the use of a default value set in the .air file, if one exists.
These values can be estimated with the following formula:
l MOI = EmptyWeight * (D^2 / K)
Where:
Pitch Roll Yaw

D= Length (feet) Wingspan (feet) 0.5* (Length+Wingspan)
K= 810 1870 770
This formula yields only rough estimates. Actual values vary based on aircraft material, installed equipment, and number of engines and their
positions.

Beech Baron 58( max_gross_weight
max_gross_weight Maximum design gross weight of the aircraft.
= 5524 )
Total weight (in pounds) of the aircraft minus usable fuel,

Beech Baron 58( empty_weight =
empty_weight passengers, and cargo. If not specified, the value previously set in
3911 )
the .air file will be used.
Offset (in feet) of the aircraft's reference datum from the standard
center point, which is on the centerline chord aft of the leading

Beech Baron 58
edge. By adjusting this position, actual aircraft loading data can be
reference_datum_position ( reference_datum_position =
used directly according to the aircraft's manufacturer. If not
6.96, 0, 0 )
specified, the default is 0,0,0.
Beech Baron 58
Offset (in feet) of the center of gravity of the basic empty aircraft
empty_weight_cg_position ( empty_weight_CG_position = -
(no fuel, passengers, or baggage) from the datum reference point .
6.06, 0, 0 )
Specifies the maximum number of stations (specific locations) for

the aircraft when it is loaded. This does allow an unlimited number
Mooney Bravo
max_number_of_stations of stations to be specified, but note that an excessively large
( max_number_of_stations = 50 )
number here results in a longer load time for the aircraft when
selected, although there is no effect on real-time performance.
Specifies the weight and position of passengers or payload at a

station specified with a unique number, station_load.N. The first
station_load.0 parameter number on each line specifies the weight (in pounds),
Beech Baron 58( station_load.0 =
to followed by the offset relative to datum reference point. The addition
170, -6.54, -1.20, 0.0 )
station_load.n of stations results in a corresponding change in aircraft flight
dynamics due to the change of the total weight and moments of
inertia.
This field is the string name that is used in the Payload dialog (15
character limit). Omission of this will result in a generic station name Mooney Bravo( station_name.1 =
station_name.0
being used. "Front Passenger" )
to
station_name.n
Note that the station name can also follow the station_load
information.
Beech Baron 58
empty_weight_pitch_moi The moment of inertia (MOI) about the lateral axis. ( empty_weight_pitch_MOI =
3905.65 )
Beech Baron 58
empty_weight_roll_moi The moment of inertia (MOI) about the longitudinal axis. ( empty_weight_roll_MOI =
2718.64 )
Beech Baron 58
empty_weight_yaw_moi The moment of inertia (MOI) about the vertical axis. ( empty_weight_yaw_MOI =
5291.04 )
Beech Baron 58
( empty_weight_coupled_MOI=
The moment of inertia (MOI) about the roll and yaw axis (usually 0.0 )
empty_weight_coupled_moi
zero). Bombardier CRJ 700
( empty_weight_coupled_MOI =
0.0 )
[flight_tuning]
Flight control effectiveness parameters
The elevator, aileron and elevator effectiveness parameters are multipliers on the default power of the control surfaces. For example, a value of 1.1
increases the effectiveness by 10 percent. Likewise, a value of 0.9 decreases the effectiveness by 10 percent. A negative number reverses the
normal effect of the control. Omission of a parameter results in the default value of 1.0.
Stability parameters
The pitch, roll and yaw parameters are multipliers on the default stability (damping effect) about the corresponding axis of the airplane. For
example, a value of 1.1 increases the damping by 10%. Likewise, a value of 0.9 decreases the damping by 10%. A negative number results in an
unstable characteristic about the axis. A positive damping effect is simply a moment in the direction opposite of the rotational velocity. Omission of a
parameter will result in the default value of 1.0.
Lift parameter
The cruise_lift_scalar parameter is a multiplier on the coefficient of lift at zero angle of attack Cruise lift in this context refers to the lift at relatively
small angles of attack, which is typical for an airplane in a cruise condition. This scaling is decreased linearly as angle of attack moves toward the
critical (stall) angle of attack, which prevents destabilizing low speed and stall characteristics at high angles of attack. Modify this value to set the
angle of attack (and thus pitch) for a cruise condition. A negative value is not advised, as this will result in extremely unnatural flight
characteristics. Omission of this parameter results in the default value of 1.0.
High Angle of Attack parameters
The hi_alpha_on_roll and hi_alpha_on_yaw parameters are multipliers on the effects on roll and yaw at high angles of attack. The default values
are 1.0.
Propeller-induced turning effect parameters
The p_factor_on_yaw, torque_on_roll, gyro_precession_on_pitch and gyro_precession_on_yaw parameters are multipliers on the effects induced by
rotating propellers. These are often called "left turning tendencies" for clockwise rotating propellers. The simulation correctly handles counter-
clockwise rotating propellers. The default values are 1.0.
Drag parameters
Drag is the aerodynamic force that determines the aircraft speed and acceleration. There are two basic types of drag that the user can adjust here.
Parasitic drag is composed of two basic elements: form drag, which results from the interference of streamlined airflow, and skin friction. Parasite
drag increases as airspeed increases. Induced drag results from the production of lift. Induced drag increases as angle of attack increases.
The parasite_drag_scalar and induced_drag_scalar parameters are multipliers on the two respective drag coefficients. For example, a value of 1.1
increases the respective drag component by 10 percent. A value of 0.9 decreases the drag by 10 Percent. Negative values are not advised, as
extremely unnatural flight characteristics will result. The default values are 1.0.
cruise_lift_scalar CL0. Mooney Bravo( cruise_lift_scalar = 1.0 )
parasite_drag_scalar Cd0. Mooney Bravo( parasite_drag_scalar = 1.0 )
induced_drag_scalar Cdi. Mooney Bravo( induced_drag_scalar = 1.0 )
elevator_effectiveness Cmde. Mooney Bravo( elevator_effectiveness = 1.0 )
aileron_effectiveness Clda. Mooney Bravo( aileron_effectiveness = 1.0 )
rudder_effectiveness Cndr. Mooney Bravo( rudder_effectiveness = 1.0 )
pitch_stability Cmq. Mooney Bravo( pitch_stability = 1.0 )
roll_stability Clp. Mooney Bravo( roll_stability = 1.0 )
yaw_stability Cnr. Mooney Bravo( yaw_stability = 1.0 )
elevator_trim_effectiveness Cmdetr. Mooney Bravo( elevator_trim_effectiveness = 1.0 )
aileron_trim_effectiveness Cldatr. Mooney Bravo( aileron_trim_effectiveness = 1.0 )
rudder_trim_effectiveness Cndrtr. Mooney Bravo( rudder_trim_effectiveness = 1.0 )
hi_alpha_on_roll See notes above.
hi_alpha_on_yaw
p_factor_on_yaw See notes above. Piper Cub( p_factor_on_yaw = 0.3 )
torque_on_roll Piper Cub( torque_on_roll = 0.3 )
gyro_precession_on_yaw See notes above. Piper Cub( gyro_precession_on_yaw = 0.3 )
gyro_precession_on_pitch Piper Cub( gyro_precession_on_pitch = 0.3 )
[generalenginedata]
Every type of aircraft, even a glider, should have this section in the aircraft.cfg file. Basically, this section describes the type of engine, the number
of engines, where the engines are located, and a fuel flow scalar to modify how much fuel the engine requires to produce the calculated power.

Integer that identifies what type of engine is on the aircraft. 0 = Beech Baron 58( engine_type = 0 )
engine_type piston, 1 = Jet, 2 = None, 3 = Helo-turbine, 4 = Rocket (not Beech King Air 350( engine_type =
supported) 5 = Turboprop. 5)
engine.0 Offset of the engine from the datum reference point. Each engine Beech Baron 58( Engine.0 = -1.4, -
to location specified increases the engine count (maximum of four 5.3, 0.0 )
engine.n engines allowed).
Scalar for modifying the fuel flow required by the engine(s). A value
of less than 1.0 causes a slower fuel consumption for a given power Beech Baron 58( fuel_flow_scalar=
fuel_flow_scalar
setting, a value greater than 1.0 causes the aircraft to burn more fuel 0.9 )
for a given power setting.
Defines the minimum throttle position (percent of max). Normally 0

Beech Baron 58( min_throttle_limit
min_throttle_limit for piston aircraft and -0.25 for turbine airplane engines with reverse
= 0.0 )
thrust.
Ambient temperature, in Celsius, in which engine vapor contrails will

Commercial Airliner
turn on. The default value is about -39 degrees Celsius for turbine
max_contrail_temperature ( max_contrail_temperature = -
engines. For piston engines, the contrail effect is turned off unless a
30 )
temperature value is set here.
1=Available, 0=Not Available (default). If available, this switch must

master_ignition_switch be on for the ignition circuit, and thus the engines, to be operable.
Turning it off will stop all engines.
starter_type Set to 1 for a Manual Starter
Thrust pitch and heading angles in degrees ( positive pitch down,

thrustanglepitchheading.0
positive heading right).
The default maximum rate that oil will leak when the malfunction is default_oil_leak_rate = 0.05 (20
default_oil_leak_rate
selected. This rate is specified as percent per second. seconds for total leak)
The percentage of max oil pressure in which the pressure will drop
pct_oil_pressure_on_failure =
pct_oil_pressure_on_failure with a 100% failure of the oil system. Default is 0. This may be useful
0.55
if it is desired that the pressure does not drop to zero under failure.
[turbineenginedata]
A turbine engine ignites fuel and compressed air to create thrust. These parameters define the power (thrust) output of a given jet turbine engine.

Beech King Air 350
( fuel_flow_gain = 0.011 )
fuel_flow_gain Fuel flow gain constant.
Bombardier CRJ 700
( fuel_flow_gain = 0.0025 )
Beech King Air 350

( inlet_area = 1.0 )
inlet_area Engine nacelle inlet area, (in square feet).
Bombardier CRJ 700
( inlet_area = 9.4 )
Beech King Air 350

rated_n2_rpm Second stage compressor rated rpm.
( rated_N2_rpm = 29920 )
Beech King Air 350

( static_thrust = 158 )
static_thrust Maximum rated static thrust at sea level (lbs).
Bombardier CRJ 700
( static_thrust = 12670 )
Bombardier CRJ 700

A number, indicating the number of afterburner stages
afterburner_available ( afterburner_available =
available.
0)
Specifies the scalar on the calculated reverse thrust effect. A

value of 0 will cause no reverse thrust to be available. A value
Bombardier CRJ 700
reverser_available of 1.0 will cause the theoretical normal reverse thrust to be
( reverser_available = 1 )
available. Other values will scale the normal calculated value
accordingly.
Jet thrust specific fuel consumption. The ratio of fuel used in

thrustspecificfuelconsumption
pounds per hour, to thrust in pounds. Applies at all speeds.
Jet thrust specific fuel consumption. The ratio of fuel used in

afterburnthrustspecificfuelconsumption pounds per hour, to thrust in pounds. Applies only when the
afterburner is active.
afterburner_throttle_threshold Percentage of throttle range when the afterburner engages.
[jet_engine]
The thrust_scalar parameter scales the calculated thrust for jet engines (thrust taken from the [TurbineEngineData] section).

thrust_scalar Parameter that scales the calculated thrust provided by the propeller. Bombardier CRJ 700( thrust_scalar = 1.0 )
[electrical]
These parameters configure the characteristics of the aircraft's electrical system and its components. Each aircraft has a battery as well as an
alternator or generator for each engine.
Below is a table of electrical section parameters shown with default values for Bus Type, Max Amp Load and Min Voltage (the values applied if the
parameters are omitted). The default Min Voltage equals 0.7*Max Battery Voltage. The list of components also reflects all of the systems currently
linked to the electrical system. If a component is included in the list but the aircraft does not actually have that system, the component is simply
ignored.
Bus Type
Specifies which bus in the electrical system the component is connected to, according to the following bus type codes:
Bus Type Bus

0 Main Bus (most components connected here)
1 Avionics Bus
2 Battery Bus
3 Hot Battery Bus (bypasses Master switch)
4 Generator/Alternator Bus 1 (function of engine 1)
Max Amp Load
Max Amp Load is the current required to power the component, and of course becomes the additional load on the electrical system.
Min Voltage
Min Voltage is the minimum voltage required from the specified bus for the component to function.

flap_motor Bus type, max amp, min voltage Mooney Bravo( flap_motor = 0, 5 , 17.0 )
Mooney Bravo( gear_motor = 0, 5 ,

gear_motor Bus type, max amp, min voltage
17.0 )
autopilot Bus type, max amp, min voltage Mooney Bravo( autopilot = 0, 5 , 17.0 )
Mooney Bravo( avionics_bus = 0, 5,

17.0 )
avionics_bus Bus type, max amp, min voltage
Bombardier CRJ 700( avionics_bus = 0,
5 , 9.5 )
Mooney Bravo( avionics = 1, 5 , 17.0 )

avionics Bus type, max amp, min voltage Bombardier CRJ 700( avionics = 1, 5 ,
9.5 )
pitot_heat Bus type, max amp, min voltage Mooney Bravo( pitot_heat = 0, 2 , 17.0 )
Mooney Bravo( additional_system = 0, 2,

17.0 )
Beech King Air 350( additional_system =
additional_system Bus type, max amp, min voltage
0, 2 , 17.0 )
Bombardier CRJ 700( additional_system
= 0, 2 , 9.5 )
Mooney Bravo( marker_beacon = 1, 2 ,

17.0 )
marker_beacon Bus type, max amp, min voltage
Bombardier CRJ 700( marker_beacon = 1,
2 , 9.0 )
Mooney Bravo( gear_warning = 0, 2 ,

gear_warning Bus type, max amp, min voltage
17.0 )
Mooney Bravo( fuel_pump = 0, 5 , 17.0 )

fuel_pump Bus type, max amp, min voltage Bombardier CRJ 700( fuel_pump = 0, 5 ,
9.0 )
starter1 Bus type, max amp, min voltage Mooney Bravo( starter1 = 0, 20, 17.0 )
starter2 Bus type, max amp, min voltage
light_nav Bus type, max amp, min voltage Mooney Bravo( light_nav = 0, 5 , 17.0 )
Mooney Bravo( light_beacon = 0, 5 ,

light_beacon Bus type, max amp, min voltage
17.0 )
Mooney Bravo( light_landing = 0, 5 ,

light_landing Bus type, max amp, min voltage
17.0 )
light_taxi Bus type, max amp, min voltage Mooney Bravo( light_taxi = 0, 5 , 17.0 )
Mooney Bravo( light_strobe = 0, 5 ,

light_strobe Bus type, max amp, min voltage
17.0 )
light_panel Bus type, max amp, min voltage Mooney Bravo( light_panel = 0, 5 , 17.0 )
light_cabin Bus type, max amp, min voltage
prop_sync Bus type, max amp, min voltage
auto_feather Bus type, max amp, min voltage
auto_brakes Bus type, max amp, min voltage
standby_vacuum Bus type, max amp, min voltage
hydraulic_pump Bus type, max amp, min voltage
fuel_transfer_pump Bus type, max amp, min voltage
propeller_deice Bus type, max amp, min voltage
light_recognition Bus type, max amp, min voltage
light_wing Bus type, max amp, min voltage
light_logo Bus type, max amp, min voltage
directional_gyro Bus type, max amp, min voltage
directional_gyro_slaving Bus type, max amp, min voltage
The maximum voltage to which the battery can be

Beech Baron 58( max_battery_voltage =
charged. It is also the voltage available from the battery
24.0 )
when the aircraft is initialized. The battery voltage will
max_battery_voltage DeHavilland Beaver DHC2
decrease from this if the generators or alternators are not
( max_battery_voltage = 24 )
supplying enough current to meet the demand of the
active components.
Beech Baron 58
( generator_alternator_voltage = 28.0 )
Bombardier CRJ 700
generator_alternator_voltage Voltage of the generators or alternators.
( generator_alternator_voltage = 25.0 )
DeHavilland Beaver DHC2
( generator_alternator_voltage = 28 )
Beech Baron 58
( max_generator_alternator_amps =
60.0 )
Bombardier CRJ 700
max_generator_alternator_amps Maximum generator/alternator amps. ( max_generator_alternator_amps =
40.0 )
( max_generator_alternator_amps =
50 )
Array of generator counts, corresponding to the number

engine_generator_map=1,1 (one
engine_generator_map of engines, indicating how many generators are
generator on engine 1 and one on engine 2)
configured with the engine.
Set to 1 if electric power is available regardless of the

electric_always_available
state of the battery or circuit.
[contact_points]
You can configure and adjust the way aircraft reacts to different kinds of contact, including landing gear contact and articulation, braking, steering,
and damage accrued through excessive speed. You can also configure each contact point independently for each aircraft, and there is no limit to the
number of points you can add. When importing an aircraft that does not contain this set of data, the program will generate the data from the .air file
the first time the aircraft is loaded, and then write it to the aircraft.cfg.
Each contact point contains a series of values that define the characteristics of the point, separated by commas. A contact point has 16 parameters,
described in the following table:
Contact Point
Parameter (and Element Description
example)
Integer defining the type of contact point: 0 = None, 1 = Wheel, 2 = Scrape, 3 = Skid, 4 = Float,
1 (1) Class
5 = Water Rudder
Longitudinal
2 (-18.0) The longitudinal distance of the point from the datum reference point.
Position
3 (0) Lateral Position The lateral distance of the point from the datum reference point.
4 (-3.35) Vertical Position The vertical distance of the point from the datum reference point.
Impact Damage
5 (3200) The speed at which an impact with the ground can cause damage (feet/min).
Threshold
Defines which brake input drives the brake (wheels only).

6 (0) Brake Map
0 = None, 1 = Left Brake, 2 = Right Brake.
7 (0.50) Wheel Radius Radius of the wheel (feet).
8 (180) Steering Angle The maximum angle (positive and negative) that a wheel can pivot (degrees).
This is the distance a landing gear is compressed when the empty aircraft is at rest on the ground
9 (0.25) Static Compression (feet). This term defines the "strength" of the strut, where a smaller number will increase the
"stiffness" of the strut.
Ratio of Maximum
Ratio of the max dynamic compression available in the strut to the static value. Can be useful in
10 (2.5) Compression to
coordinating the "compression" of the strut when landing.
Static Compression
This ratio describes how well the ground reaction oscillations are damped. A value of 1.0 is
considered critically damped, meaning there will be little or no osciallation. A damping ratio of 0.0
11 (0.90) Damping Ratio is considered undamped, meaning that the oscillations will continue with a constant magnitude.
Negative values result in an unstable ground handling situation, and values greater than 1.0
might also cause instabilities by being "over" damped. Typical values range from 0.6 to 0.95.
The amount of time it takes the landing gear to fully extend under normal conditions (seconds). A
12 (1.0) Extension Time
value of zero indicates a fixed gear.
The amount of time it takes the landing gear to fully retract under normal conditions (seconds). A
13 (4.0) Retraction Time
value of zero indicates a fixed gear.
14 (0) Sound Type This integer value will map a point to a type of sound:
0 = Center Gear,
1 = Auxiliary Gear,
2 = Left Gear,
3 = Right Gear,
4 = Fuselage Scrape,
5 = Left Wing Scrape,
6 = Right Wing Scrape,
7 = Aux1 Scrape,
8 = Aux2 Scrape,
9 = Tail Scrape.
This is the speed at which landing gear extension becomes inhibited (knots). Not used for scrape
15 (0) Airspeed Limit
points or non-retractable gear.
Damage from The speed above which the landing gear accrues damage (knots). Not used for scrape points or
16 (200)
Airspeed non-retractable gear.
Each contact point's data set takes the form "point.n=", where "n" is the index to the particular point, followed by the data.

Beech Baron 58( point.0 = 1, 0.82, 0.00, -3.77,
point.0 1600, 0, 0.633, 40, 0.42, 4.0, 0.90, 3.0, 3.0, 0,
to Contact points that match the format described above. 152, 180 )
point.n
Integer value indicating the maximum number of

max_number_of_points Mooney Bravo( max_number_of_points = 21 )
contact points the program will look for.
The static pitch of the aircraft when at rest on the

ground (degrees). The program uses this value to
static_pitch Beech Baron 58( static_pitch = 1.56 )
position the aircraft at startup, in slew, and at any other
time when the simulation is not actively running.
The static height of the aircraft when at rest on the

ground (feet). The program uses this value to position
static_cg_height Beech Baron 58( static_cg_height = 3.43 )
the aircraft at startup, in slew, and at any other time
when the simulation is not actively running.
This parameter defines the system type which drives the
gear extension and retraction.

0 = electrical
Beech Baron 58( gear_system_type=0 )
1 = hydraulic
gear_system_type DeHavilland Beaver DHC2
2 = pneumatic
( gear_system_type=3 )
3 = manual
4 = none
One of:
None = 0
Pump = 1 Bombardier CRJ 700
emergency_extension_type
Gravity = 2 ( emergency_extension_type=2 )
Hydraulic backup reserve = 3 (Needs
[hydraulic_system] backup_reserve = 1)
Boolean defining if a tailwheel lock is available

tailwheel_lock Gruman Goose G21A( tailwheel_lock = 1 )
(applicable only on tailwheel airplanes).
>
[gear_warning_system]
The following parameters define the functionality of the aircraft's gear warning system. This is generally a function of the throttle lever position and
the flap deflection.

Mooney Bravo
Sets the type of gear warning system available on the aircraft, one of:
gear_warning_available ( gear_warning_available =
0 = None, 1 = Normal, 2 = Amphibian (audible alert for water vs. land setting).
1)
The throttle limit, below which the gear warning will activate if the gear is not
down and locked while the flaps are deflected to at least the setting for Mooney Bravo
pct_throttle_limit
flap_limit_idle below. This flap limit can be 0 so that the warning effectively is a ( pct_throttle_limit = 0.1 )
function of the throttle. A value between: 0 (idle) and 1.0 (Max throttle).
In conjunction with the throttle limit specified above, this limit is the flap Mooney Bravo( flap_limit_idle
deflection, above which the warning will activate if the gear is not down and = 0.0 )
locked while the throttle is below the limit specified above. By setting this limit Beech Baron 58
flap_limit_idle
to a value greater than zero, the pilot can reduce the throttle to idle without ( flap_limit_idle = 0.0 )
activating the warning. This is often utilized in jets to decelerate/descend the Beech King Air 350
aircraft. ( flap_limit_idle = 15.0 )
Mooney Bravo
( flap_limit_power = 16.0 )
The flap limit, above which the warning will activate (regardless of throttle Beech Baron 58
flap_limit_power
position). ( flap_limit_power = 31.5 )
Beech King Air 350
( flap_limit_power = 30.0 )
[brakes]
The following parameters define the aircraft's braking system:

Mooney Bravo( parking_brake = 1 )
Boolean setting if a parking brake is available on the
parking_brake DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( parking_brake
aircraft.
=0)
Sets the scaling of the braking effectiveness. 1.0 is Beech Baron 58( toe_brakes_scale =
toe_brakes_scale
the default. 0.0 scales the brakes to no effectiveness. 1.0 )
The number of increments that the auto-braking

auto_brakes Beech Baron 58( auto_brakes = 0 )
switch can be turned to.
The ratio of hydraulic system pressure to maximum Bombardier CRJ 700

hydraulic_system_scalar
brake hydraulic pressure. ( hydraulic_system_scalar = 1 )
Differential braking is a function of the normal both

brakes on and the rudder pedal input. The amount of
difference between the left and right brake is scaled Piper Cub( differential_braking_scale =
differential_braking_scale
by this value. 1.0 is the normal setting if differential 1.0 )
braking is desired (particularly on tailwheel airplanes).
0.0 is the setting if no differential braking is desired.
By default, the parking brake will release upon

parking_brake_linked_to_toe_brakes
parking_brake_linked_to_toe_brakes application of toe brakes. If this is not desired, setting
=0
this to 0 will prevent this behavior.
[hydraulic_system]
The following parameters define the aircraft's hydraulic system:

Beech Baron 58( normal_pressure =
The normal operating pressure of the hydraulic system, 0.0 )
normal_pressure
in pounds per square inch. DeHavilland Beaver DHC2
( normal_pressure = 1000.0 )
The number of electric hydraulic pumps the aircraft is
electric_pumps configured with. Beech King Air 350( electric_pumps = 0 )
This array of positive integers sets the number of

hydraulic pumps on the corresponding engines of the
aircraft. The values correspond to the order of the DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( engine_map =
engine_map
engines, starting with the left-most engine first and 1)
moving right. By default, all engines are not equipped
with any hydraulic pumps.
This system includes a backup reservoir for use after

backup_reserve ( backup_reserve = 1 )
primary pumps have failed.
The approximate level in which the pumps will maintain

( max_reservoir_pressure_efficiency =
max_reservoir_pressure_efficiency the reservoir level. Set to 1.0 if a perfect system is
0.98 )
desired.
The percentage of maximum engine RPM that engine

driven hydraulic pumps will achieve 100% of normal
( min_pct_rpm_for_max_pressure =
min_pct_rpm_for_max_pressure pressure. The pressure will ramp up linearly. Omission
0.2 )
of this constant will result in use of an internal mapping
of RPM to pressure.
[views]
The following parameter define the pilot's viewpoint.

eyepoint Position relative to datum reference point. Beech Baron 58( eyepoint = -8.213, -0.8612, 2.220 )
zoom Zoom the view in or out from the viewpoint. Default( zoom=1.0 )
[flaps.n]
For each flap set that is on the aircraft, a corresponding [flaps.n] section should exist. Most general aviation aircraft and smaller jets only have one
set of flaps (trailing edge), but it is typical for the larger commercial aircraft to have a set of leading edge flaps in addition to the trailing edge flaps.
The number of flap sets are determined by the number of [flaps.n] sections contained in the aircraft.cfg file.

Integer value that indicates if this is a leading edge or trailing edge flap set:
type Mooney Bravo( type = 1 )
0 = no flaps 1 = trailing edge, 2 = leading edge.
Beech Baron 58( span-

span- outboard = 0.41 )
The percentage of half-wing span the flap extends to (from the wing-fuselage intersection).
outboard Beech King Air 350( span-
outboard = 0.5 )
extending- Mooney Bravo( extending-

Time it takes for the flap set to extend to the fullest deflection angle specified (seconds).
time time = 5 )
flaps-
position.0
Each element of the flaps-position array indicates the deflection angle to which the flaps will Maule M7 260C( flaps-
to
deflect (in degrees). The largest deflection angle will be the one used for full flap deflection. position.0 = -7 )
flaps-
position.n
damaging- Beech Baron 58( damaging-

Speed at which the flaps begin to accrue damage (Knots Indicated Airspeed, KIAS).
speed speed = 152 )
blowout- Mooney Bravo( blowout-

Speed at which the flaps depart the aircraft (Knots Indicated Airspeed, KIAS).
speed speed = 300 )
The percentage of total lift due to flap deflection that this flap set is responsible for at full Mooney Bravo( lift_scalar =
lift_scalar
deflection. 1.0 )
The percentage of total drag due to flap deflection that this flap set is responsible for at full Mooney Bravo( drag_scalar
drag_scalar
deflection. = 1.0 )
The percentage of total pitch due to flap deflection that this flap set is responsible for at full Mooney Bravo
pitch_scalar
deflection. ( pitch_scalar= 1.0 )
Integer value that indicates what type of system drives the flaps to deflect:, one of:
0 = Electric
Mooney Bravo( system_type
1 = Hydraulic
system_type =1)
2 = Pneumatic
3 = Manual
4 = None
[radios]
There should be a radio section in each aircraft.cfg. This section configures the radios for each individual aircraft. Each of the following keywords
has a flag or set of flags, that determine if the particular radio element is available in the aircraft. A "1" is used for true (or available), and 0 for
false (or not available).

audio.1 Is there an audio panel, set to 1. Mooney Bravo( Audio.1 = 1 )
Mooney Bravo( Com.1 = 1, 1 )

com.1
Two flags, set the first one to 1 if a Com1 radio is available, and the second if it Beech King Air 350( Com.1 =
supports a standby frequency. 1, 0 )
Mooney Bravo( Com.2 = 1, 1 )

Two flags, set the first one to 1 if a Com2 radio is available, and the second if it
com.2 Beech King Air 350( Com.2 =
supports a standby frequency. You cannot have Com2 without Com1.
1, 0 )
Mooney Bravo( Nav.1 = 1, 1,

1)
Three flags, set the first to 1 if there is a Nav1 receiver, the second if it supports a
nav.1 Beech King Air 350( Nav.1 =
standby frequency, and the third if it supports a glideslope indication.
1, 0, 1 )
Mooney Bravo( Nav.2 = 1, 1,

Three flags, set the first to 1 if there is a Nav2 receiver, the second if it supports a
0)
nav.2 standby frequency, and the third if it supports a glideslope indication. You cannot
Beech King Air 350( Nav.2 =
have Nav2 without Nav1.
1, 0, 0 )
adf.1 If there is an ADF receiver, set to 1. Mooney Bravo( Adf.1 = 1 )
Bombardier CRJ 700( Adf.2 =

adf.2 If there is an ADF2 receiver, set to 1.
1)
Two flags, set the first to 1 if there is a Tacan 1 receiver and the second if it
tacan.1 Tacan.1 = 1, 1, 0
supports a standby frequency.
Two flags, set the first to 1 if there is a Tacan 2 receiver and the second if it
tacan.2 Tacan.2 = 1, 1, 0
supports a standby frequency. You cannot have Tacan2 without Tacan1.
Mooney Bravo( Transponder.1

transponder.1 If there is a transponder, set to 1.
=1)
Mooney Bravo( Marker.1 = 1 )

marker.1 If there is a marker beacon receiver, set to 1.
Sets the min and max frequency, in MHz, in which the aircraft's COM radios are ComFrequencyRange =
ComFrequencyRange
limited. 118 - 137 is the default range. 118.000,137.000
[lights]
Each light that requires a special effect should be entered in this section. The following table gives the codes for the switches that will turn on the
lights.
Code Switch
1 Beacon
2 Strobe
3 Navigation or Position
4 Cockpit
5 Landing
6 Taxi
7 Recognition
8 Wing
9 Logo
10 Cabin
11 General
12 Headlight
13 Brake

Beech Baron 58( light.0
= 3, -6.60, -19.29,
0.79, fx_navred , )
Beech King Air 350

( light.0 = 3, 0.56, -
28.41, 1.97,
fx_navred , )
The first entry of the line defines which circuit, or switch, the light is connected to (see the code
Beech King Air 350
light.0 table above). Multiple lights may be connected to a single switch. The next three entries are the
( light.1 = 3, 0.56,
to position relative to datum reference point. The final entry is the special effect file name that is
28.41, 1.97,
light.n triggered (for example, fx_navred). These files have .fx extensions and should be placed in the root
fx_navgre , )
effects folder.
Beech King Air 350
( light.2 = 3, -31.20,
0.00, 9.09,
fx_navwhi , )
Beech King Air 350
( light.3 = 2, 0.89, -
28.48, 1.87,
fx_strobe , )
[keyboard_response]
The aircraft flight controls can be manipulated by the keyboard. Because flight controls naturally become more sensitive as airspeed increases, it can
become quite difficult to control the aircraft via the keyboard at high speeds. To address this problem, the amount a single keypress increments a
flight control is decreased by a factor of 1/2 at the first airspeed (in knots) listed on the line for the control, and to 1/8 at the second airspeed, and
to a scale interpolated from these values for all airspeeds in between. The example below shows that an elevator will increment by one degree when
the airspeed is zero, by ¾ of one degree at 50 knots, ½ of one degree at 100 knots, 5/16 of one degree at 140 knots, and 1/8 of one degree at 180
knots or greater speed.

elevator Two breakpoint speeds for keypress increments. Mooney Bravo( elevator = 100, 180 )
aileron Two breakpoint speeds for keypress increments. Mooney Bravo( aileron = 200, 1000 )
rudder Two breakpoint speeds for keypress increments. Mooney Bravo( rudder = 200, 1000 )
[direction_indicators]
This section is used to define the characteristics of the direction indicators on the instrument panels, but does not include the magnetic compass
(which has a separate section). The list of indicators should be listed in order: 0,1,2,…n.

One or two codes. If the indicator is type 4, then there must be two entries
here (the indicator, and the indicator to which this one is slaved). The
indicator codes are:
direction_indicator.0
0 = None Mooney Bravo
to
1 = Vacuum gyro ( direction_indicator.0=1,0 )
direction_indicator.n
2 = Electric gyro
3 = Electro-mag slaved compass
4 = Slaved to another indicator
induction_compass.0 If there is an induction compass, one of:

to 1 = Electric
induction_compass.n 2 = Anemometer driven
[attitude_indicators]
This section is used to define the characteristics of the attitude indicators on the instrument panels. The list of indicators should be listed in order:
0,1,2,...n.

The system which drives the attitude indicator. One of:
attitude_indicator.0
0= none
to Beech Baron 58( attitude_indicator.0 = 1 )
1= Vacuum driven gyro
attitude_indicator.n
2= Electrically driven gyro
[altimeters]

Mooney Bravo
altimeter.0
If the parameter is set to 1, a separate altimeter is instantiated, which will operate independently of ( altimeter.0=1 )
to
other altimeters, and can have failures applied to it. Mooney Bravo
altimeter.n
( altimeter.1=1 )
[turn_indicators]
This section is used to define the characteristics of the turn indicators on the instrument panels. The list of indicators should be listed in order:
0,1,2,…n.

Two code values, which define the system on which the turn indicators are
Beech Baron 58
dependent. The first value is for turn, the second for bank. The codes are:
( turn_indicator.0=1,1 )
turn_indicator.0 0 = None
1 = Electrically driven gyro
( turn_indicator.0=1 )
2 = Vacuum driven gyro
[vacuum_system]
The following parameters define the aircraft's vacuum system:

max_pressure Maximum pressure in psi. Mooney Bravo( max_pressure=5.15 )
Vacuum type, one of:

0 = None
vacuum_type 1 = Engine pump (default) Mooney Bravo( vacuum_type=1 )
2 = Pneumatic
3 = Venturi.
Beech Baron 58
( electric_backup_pressure=4.900000 )
electric_backup_pressure Backup pressure in psi.
Mooney Bravo
( electric_backup_pressure=4.9 )
This series of flags sets whether the corresponding engines of

the aircraft are configured with vacuum systems. The flags
engine_map Beech Baron 58( engine_map=1,1 )
correspond in order of the engines, starting with the left-most
engine first and moving right.
[pneumatic_system]
The following parameters define the aircraft's pneumatic pressure system:

max_pressure The maximum pressure of the pneumatic system. Piper Cub( max_pressure=0 )
The ratio of bleed-air pressure from the engines to pneumatic air pressure in Beech Baron 58
bleed_air_scalar
the pneumatic system. ( bleed_air_scalar=0.00000 )
[exits]
The following parameters define the aircraft's exits:

Beech Baron 58( number_of_exits =
number_of_exits This value defines the number of simulated exits, or doors, on the aircraft.
1)
Bombardier CRJ 700( exit.0 = 0.4, -

Five values: the open and close rate percent per second (where 1.0 is fully open),
16.50, -4.5, 0.5, 0 )
exit.0 the position relative to datum reference point, and the type of exit, one of:
to 0 = Main
74.00, -4.5, 0.5, 1 )
exit.n 1 = Cargo
2 = Emergency
36.50, -2.5, -1.0, 1 )
[effects]
The effects section of the file refers to the visual effects that result from various systems or reactions of the aircraft. An effect file associated with a
keyword in this section will be used when the corresponding action is triggered. If no entry is made a default effect file will be used. The table below
outlines the aircraft effects currently supported, though of course not all effects are supported on all aircraft.
Each entry can be followed by a 1 if the effect is to be run for a single iteration. Set this number to zero or leave blank (the default), for the effect to
continue as long as the respective action is active. Make an entry in the configuration file to replace any of these effects with a new one. Or to turn
off the effect add an entry that references the fx_dummy effect (which does nothing).
Single
Property Description Default Examples
Iteration
wake The wake effect name. fx_wake False Mooney Bravo( wake=fx_wake )
The landing, taxiing or

water fx_spray False Mooney Bravo( water=fx_spray )
taking off from water effect.
Traveling at speed on the

waterspeed fx_spray False
water.
dirt Moving on dirt. fx_tchdrt False Mooney Bravo( dirt=fx_tchdrt )
Mooney Bravo
concrete Moving on concrete. fx_sparks False
( concrete=fx_sparks )
The touchdown effect, which

usually is followed by an Mooney Bravo
touchdown fx_tchdwn True
optional 1 to indicate the ( touchdown=fx_tchdwn_s, 1 )
effect is to be run once only.
Contrail effect, applies to

contrail fx_contrail_l False
jets flying above 29000ft.
Piper Cub
startup Engine startup. fx_engstrt True
( startup=fx_engstrt_cub )
Rotor wash. Helicopters
landrotorwash only. fx_rtr_lnd False
Water rotor wash.

waterrotorwash fx_rtr_wtr False
Helicopters only.
vaportrail_l Left wing vapor trail. fx_vaportrail_l False
vaportrail_r Right wing vapor trail. fx_vaportrail_r False
Left wingtip vortice

(contrails off the wingtip,
l_wingtipvortice fx_wingtipvortice_l True
usually from a jet such as
the F18).
r_wingtipvortice Right wingtip vortice. fx_wingtipvortice_r True
fueldump Fuel dump active. No default effect False
EngineFire Engine fire. fx_engfire False
EngineDamage Engine damage. fx_engsmoke False
EngineOilLeak Oil leak. fx_OilLeak False
Skid on tarmac, leaves a

SkidPavement fx_skidmark False
mark.
Maule M7 260C Ski paint1

SnowSkiTrack Skid on snow. No default effect False
( SnowTrack = fx_snowtrack )

WheelSnowSpray Taking off on snow. fx_WheelSnowSpray False ( WheelSnowSpray =
fx_WheelSnowSpray )

WheelWetSpray Taking off on wet runway. fx_WheelWetSpray False ( WheelWetSpray =
fx_WheelWetSpray )
Similar to waterrotorwash,
the effect a propeller has on
WetEngineWash fx_WetEngineWash False
wet terrain when flying
below 20m.
Similar to waterrotorwash,
the effect a propeller has on
SnowEngineWash snow covered terrain, or fx_SnowEngineWash False
when it is snowing, when
flying below 20m.
Draining the water ballast,

WaterBallastDrain fx_WaterBallastDrain False
applies only to sailplanes.
PistonFailure One or more pistons failed. fx_PistonFailure True
When health points drop

below 0, the object is
Killed determined to be killed. An fx_FlamingDebris False
effect such as smoke or fire
is most typically played.
Special case, set this to 0 to

windshield_rain_effect_available turn off the effect of rain on
the windshield.
[autopilot]
The following parameters determine the functionality of the aircraft's autopilot system, including the flight director.
Navigation Modes:
The navigation and glideslope controllers utilize standard proportional/integral /derivative feedback controllers (PID). The integrator and derivative
controllers have boundaries, which are the maximum error from the controlled parameter in which these are active. It is not necessary to have all
three components active. Setting the respective control constant to 0 effectively disables that component, allowing PI or PD controllers to be
utilized. Navigation mode parameters begin with nav_ or gs_.

Setting this flag to a 1 makes available
autopilot_available Mooney Bravo( autopilot_available=1 )
an autopilot system on the aircraft.

flight_director_available Mooney Bravo( flight_director_available=1 )
a flight director on the aircraft.
The default vertical speed, in feet per

Beech Baron 58( default_vertical_speed= 700.0 )
second, that the autopilot will
default_vertical_speed Beech King Air 350( default_vertical_speed=
command when selecting a large
1800.0 )
altitude change.

autothrottle_available Beech Baron 58( autothrottle_available= 0 )
an autothrottle system on the aircraft.
Setting this flag to 1 will require that

the autothrottle be armed prior to it Bombardier CRJ 700
autothrottle_arming_required
being engaged. Setting it to zero allows ( autothrottle_arming_required= 0 )
the autothrottle to be engaged directly.
autothrottle_max_rpm This sets the maximum engine speed, Bombardier CRJ 700( autothrottle_max_rpm = 90 )
in percent, that the autothrottle will
attempt to maintain.
Setting this flag to 1 enables takeoff /

autothrottle_takeoff_ga go-around operations with the Bombardier CRJ 700( autothrottle_takeoff_ga= 0 )
autothrottle.
This determines the default pitch mode

when the autopilot logic is turned on.
0 = None
default_pitch_mode 1 = Pitch Hold (current pitch angle)
2 = Altitude Hold (current altitude)
If no value is set, Pitch Hold will be the
default.
The default pitch that the Takeoff/Go-

pitch_takeoff_ga Beech Baron 58( pitch_takeoff_ga=8.0 )
Around mode references.
The maximum pitch angle in degrees

max_pitch that the autopilot will command either Mooney Bravo( max_pitch=10.0 )
up or down.
The maximum angular pitch

acceleration, in degrees per second
max_pitch_acceleration Mooney Bravo( max_pitch_acceleration=1.0 )
squared, that the autopilot will
command up or down.
The maximum angular pitch velocity, in

degrees per second, which the autopilot
max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt will command when at an altitude Mooney Bravo( max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt=2.0 )
below that specified by the variable
max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt_breakpoint.
The maximum angular pitch velocity, in

degrees per second, which the autopilot
will command when at an altitude
above the altitude specified by the
variable
max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt Mooney Bravo( max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt=1.5 )
max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt_breakpoint.
The maximum velocity is interpolated
between the hi and lo altitude velocities
when between the hi and lo altitude
breakpoints.
The altitude below which the autopilot

Mooney Bravo
max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt_breakpoint maximum pitch velocity is limited by
( max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt_breakpoint=20000.0 )
the variable max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt.
The altitude above which the autopilot

maximum pitch velocity is limited by
the variable max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt.
Mooney Bravo
max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt_breakpoint The maximum velocity is interpolated
( max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt_breakpoint=28000.0 )
between the hi and lo altitude velocities
when between the hi and lo altitude
breakpoints.
The maximum bank angle in degrees

max_bank that the autopilot will command either Bombardier CRJ 700( max_bank=30,15 )
left or right.
The maximum angular bank

acceleration, in degrees per second
max_bank_acceleration Mooney Bravo( max_bank_acceleration=1.8 )
squared, that the autopilot will
command left or right.
The maximum angular bank velocity, in

max_bank_velocity degrees per second, which the autopilot Mooney Bravo( max_bank_velocity=3.00 )
will command left or right.
This value sets the maximum rate at

which the autothrottle will move the
max_throttle_rate throttle position. In the example, the Mooney Bravo( max_throttle_rate=0.10 )
maximum rate is set to 10% of the
total throttle range per second.
Beech Baron 58( nav_proportional_control=9.00 )

Proportional controller constant in
nav_proportional_control Bombardier CRJ 700
lateral navigation modes.
( nav_proportional_control=11.00 )
Integral controller constant in lateral

nav_integrator_control Bombardier CRJ 700( nav_integrator_control=0.20 )
navigation modes.
Derivative controller constant in lateral

nav_derivative_control Mooney Bravo( nav_derivative_control=0.00 )
navigation modes.
The boundary, or maximum signal

error, in degrees in which the
integrator function is active. In the
Mooney Bravo( nav_integrator_boundary=2.50 )
nav_integrator_boundary example, the integrator is active when
the error is between -2.5 and +2.5
degrees from the centerline of the
navigation signal.

derivative function is active. In the Mooney Bravo( nav_derivative_boundary=0.00 )
nav_derivative_boundary
example, the derivative controller is not
active because the maximum error is
set to 0.
Proportional controller constant in

gs_proportional_control Beech Baron 58( gs_proportional_control=9.52 )
glideslope mode.
Integral controller constant in

gs_integrator_control Beech Baron 58( gs_integrator_control=0.26 )
glideslope mode.
Derivative controller constant in

gs_derivative_control
glideslope mode.

glideslope integrator function is active.
gs_integrator_boundary In the example, the integrator is active
when the error is between -0.7 and
+0.7 degrees from the centerline of the
glideslope signal.

derivative function is active. In the
gs_derivative_boundary
example, the derivative controller is not
active because the maximum error is
set to 0.
The proportional gain on the yaw

yaw_damper_gain Beech Baron 58( yaw_damper_gain = 0.0 )
dampers yaw rate error.
Indicates which direction indicator

system on the aircraft is being
direction_indicator
referenced by the autopilot.
0 = the first, and is the default.
Indicates which attitude indicator

system on the aircraft is being
attitude_indicator
referenced by the autopilot.
0 = the first, and is the default.
This determines the default bank mode

when the autopilot logic is turned on.
0 = None
default_bank_mode 1 = Wing Level Hold
2 = Heading Hold (current heading).
If no value is set, Wing Level Hold will
be the default.
Miscellaneous default AP modes:
The following flags are legacy, and were enabled to allow aircraft to be configured with no pitch and/or bank modes. While these flags are still
supported, the preferred flags are included above in the respective vertical and lateral sections.
Setting this flag to 1 will cause the default pitch mode to be "None". It will actually set
the variable default_pitch_mode to zero, so that there is no default pitch mode when the See examples for
use_no_default_pitch
autopilot logic is activated. default_bank_mode
The preferred method is to test the default_bank_mode directly.
[fuel]
This section defines the characteristics of the fuel system, including the tanks, fuel type, and the number of fuel selectors. The number of fuel
selectors is intended to match the number of visual selectors on the instrument panel.

center1
center2 Bombardier CRJ 700( Center1 = -48.7, 0.0, -4.0,
center3 982.0, 0.0 )
leftmain DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( Center3=-
leftaux Position of the tank relative to datum reference 10.600000,0.000000,-
lefttip point, followed by the usable and unusable 1.900000,25.000000,0.000000 )
rightmain capacities of the tanks, in gallons. Beech Baron 58( RightMain = -8.46, 6.45, 0.0, 71.0,
rightaux 0.0 )
righttip Maule M7 260C( LeftAux = -2.24, -11.4, 2.40, 15.0,
external1 0.00 )
external2
One of:
fuel_type 1 = Avgas Beech Baron 58( fuel_type = 1 )
2 = JetA
Number of fuel tank selectors (maximum 4 and

number_of_tank_selectors should be less than or equal to the number of Beech Baron 58( number_of_tank_selectors = 2 )
engines).
Boolean that sets whether an electric boost pump is

electric_pump Mooney Bravo( electric_pump = 1 )
available, 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
fuel_dump_rate Percent of fuel that can be dumped per second.
Set to 0 if the pump is engine driven (1 is the

engine_driven_pump DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( engine_driven_pump=1 )
default).

manual_pump Set to 1 if there is a manual transfer pump.
( manual_transfer_pump=1 )
anemometer_pump Set to 1 if there is an anemometer pump.
Allows overriding the default maximum rate (gallons

default_leak_rate_gps default_leak_rate_gps = 0.2
per second) when a fuel leak is selected.
[airplane_geometry]
This section has been added mainly for reference. Although you can edit these values by hand here in the aircraft.cfg file, modification of some of
these variables will have little to no effect on airplane performance, as the flight model aerodynamic coefficients are all located in the .air file.

Area of the top surface of the entire wing tip-to-tip
wing_area Beech Baron 58( wing_area = 199.0 )
(ft2).
Wing span is the horizontal distance from wing-tip

wing_span Beech Baron 58( wing_span = 37.8 )
to wing-tip (feet).
Length of the wing chord (leading edge to trailing

wing_root_chord edge) at the intersection of the wing and the Beech Baron 58( wing_root_chord = 5.3 )
fuselage (feet).
When looking at the front of an aircraft, this is the

wing_dihedral angle between the wing leading edge and a Beech Baron 58( wing_dihedral = 6.9 )
horizontal line parallel to the ground (degrees).
When looking at the side of an aircraft from the

wing tip, this is the angle the mean wing chord
makes with a horizontal line parallel to the ground,
wing_incidence Mooney Bravo( wing_incidence = 2.5 )
(degrees). Note: this parameter is not used in the
real-time aerodynamic calculations, as it is already
factored into the lift and drag parameters.
This is the difference in wing incidence from the

wing_twist root chord and the tip chord of the wing, (degrees). Beech King Air 350( wing_twist = -1.5 )
Also known as wash-out.
This is a measure of the aerodynamic efficiency of

Beech Baron 58( oswald_efficiency_factor=
oswald_efficiency_factor the wing. A theoretically perfect wing will have a
0.7 )
factor of 1.0.
Boolean to indicate if the aircraft incorporates the

wing_winglets_flag Mooney Bravo( wing_winglets_flag= 0 )
use of winglets; 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
When looking down on top of an aircraft, this is the

angle the wing leading edge makes with a
wing_sweep Beech Baron 58( wing_sweep = 0.0 )
horizontal line perpendicular to the fuselage,
(degrees).
Longitudinal distance of the wing apex (measured

at centerline of aircraft) from defined reference
wing_pos_apex_lon Beech Baron 58( wing_pos_apex_lon = -5.6 )
point (feet). This distance is measured positive in
the forward (out the aircraft nose) direction.
Vertical distance of the wing apex (measured at

centerline of aircraft) from defined reference point Bombardier CRJ 700( wing_pos_apex_vert = -
wing_pos_apex_vert
(feet). This distance is measured positive in the up 3.6 )
direction.
Area of the top surface of the entire horizontal tail

htail_area Beech Baron 58( htail_area = 60.0 )
(tip-to-tip) (ft2).
Horizontal tail span is the horizontal distance from

htail_span Beech Baron 58( htail_span = 15.9 )
horizontal tail-tip to horizontal tail -tip (feet).
Longitudinal distance of the horizontal tail apex

(measured at centerline of aircraft) from defined
htail_pos_lon reference point (feet). This distance is measured Beech Baron 58( htail_pos_lon = -20.1 )
positive in the forward (out the aircraft nose)
direction.
Vertical distance of the horizontal tail apex

Bombardier CRJ 700( htail_pos_vert = 12.7 )
htail_pos_vert DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( htail_pos_vert =
reference point, (feet). This distance is
0.9 )
measured positive in the up direction.
When looking at the side of an aircraft from the

horizontal tail tip, this is the angle the mean Beech Baron 58( htail_incidence = 0.5 )
htail_incidence
horizontal tail chord makes with a horizontal line Bombardier CRJ 700( htail_incidence = 4.0 )
parallel to the ground (degrees).
When looking down on top of an aircraft, this is the

angle the horizontal tail leading edge makes with a
htail_sweep Beech Baron 58( htail_sweep = 0.0 )
horizontal line perpendicular to the fuselage
(degrees).
Area of the surface of one side of the vertical tail

vtail_area Beech Baron 58( vtail_area = 88.0 )
(fuselage-to-tip) (ft2).
Vertical tail span is the vertical distance from the

vtail_span vertical tail-fuselage intersection to the tip of the Beech Baron 58( vtail_span = 10.7 )
vertical tail (feet).
When looking at the side of the vertical tail, this is

the angle the vertical tail leading edge makes with a
vtail_sweep Beech Baron 58( vtail_sweep = 0.0 )
vertical line perpendicular to the fuselage
(degrees).
Longitudinal distance of the vertical tail apex

vtail_pos_lon reference point, (feet). This distance is measured Beech Baron 58( vtail_pos_lon = -22.9 )
positive in the forward (out the aircraft nose)
direction.
Vertical distance of the vertical tail apex (measured

at centerline of aircraft) from defined reference
vtail_pos_vert Beech Baron 58( vtail_pos_vert = 3.1 )
point (feet). This distance is measured positive in
the up direction.
Area of the top surface of the entire elevator (tip-

elevator_area Beech Baron 58( elevator_area = 20.0 )
to-tip) (ft2).
Area of the top surface of all the ailerons on the

aileron_area Beech Baron 58( aileron_area = 11.3 )
wing (ft2).
rudder_area Area of the side surface of the entire rudder (ft2). Beech Baron 58( rudder_area = 10.5 )
Angular limit of the elevator when deflected up

elevator_up_limit Beech Baron 58( elevator_up_limit = 17.0 )
(degrees).
Angular limit of the elevator when deflected down Beech Baron 58( elevator_down_limit =
elevator_down_limit
(degrees). 15.5 )
Angular limit of the aileron when deflected up

aileron_up_limit Beech Baron 58( aileron_up_limit = 18.0 )
(degrees).
Angular limit of the aileron when deflected down

aileron_down_limit Beech Baron 58( aileron_down_limit = 18.0 )
(degrees).
rudder_limit Angular limit of the rudder deflection (degrees). Beech Baron 58( rudder_limit = 30.0 )
elevator_trim_limit Angular limit of the elevator trim tab (degrees). Beech Baron 58( elevator_trim_limit = 15.0 )
Angular limit of the wing spoilers on an aircraft,

spoiler_limit (degrees). If this limit is zero, no spoilers exist for Beech Baron 58( spoiler_limit = 0.0 )
the aircraft.
Mooney Bravo( spoiler_extension_time =

spoiler_extension_time Spoiler extension time in seconds.
0.25 )
Boolean to indicate if the spoilers also behave as

spoilerons_available spoilerons for roll control (if spoilers are available): Beech Baron 58( spoilerons_available = 0 )
0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
Beech Baron 58( aileron_to_spoileron_gain =

If spoilerons are available, this value is the constant
0)
aileron_to_spoileron_gain used in determining the amount of spoiler deflection
Bombardier CRJ 700
per aileron deflection.
( aileron_to_spoileron_gain = 4.6 )
Beech Baron 58( min_ailerons_for_spoilerons

This value indicates at what aileron deflection the
=0)
min_ailerons_for_spoilerons spoilers are become active for roll control,
Bombardier CRJ 700
(degrees).
( min_ailerons_for_spoilerons = 5 )
This value indicates at what minimum flap handle Bombardier CRJ 700
min_flaps_for_spoilerons
position the spoilerons become active. ( min_flaps_for_spoilerons= 0.0 )
auto_spoiler_available Set to 1 if auto spoiler is available. Beech Baron 58( auto_spoiler_available = 0 )
Integer value that indicates what type of system

drives the spoilers to deflect. One of:
0 = Electric
spoiler_system_type 1 = Hydraulic ( spoiler_system_type = 1 )
2 = Pneumatic
3 = Manual
4 = None
Beech Baron 58( positive_g_limit_flaps_up =

positive_g_limit_flaps_up Design g load tolerance (flaps up).
3.0 )
Mooney Bravo
positive_g_limit_flaps_down Design g load tolerance (flaps down). ( positive_g_limit_flaps_down=2.000000 )
Beech Baron 58( negative_g_limit_flaps_up

negative_g_limit_flaps_up Design g load tolerance (negative, flaps up).
= -2.0 )
Mooney Bravo
negative_g_limit_flaps_down Design g load tolerance (negative, flaps down).
( negative_g_limit_flaps_down= -1.5 )
load_safety_factor Design g load safety factor. Mooney Bravo( load_safety_factor = 1.5 )
fly_by_wire Fly by wire system available.
Boolean that configures the airplane with manual

spoiler_handle_available control of the spoiler deflections. 0 = FALSE, 1 =
TRUE.
Flaperons - deflection of ailerons due to flap DeHavilland Beaver DHC2

flap_to_aileron_scale
deflection. ( flap_to_aileron_scale = 0.3 )
aileron_to_rudder_scale Link the rudder to aileron input.
Specifies the percentage of aileron deflection (0.0 -

1.0) dependent on hydraulic pressure. For example,
a value of 0.8 (80%) would mean that only 0.2
elevator_hydraulic_boost_percent aileron_hydraulic_boost_percent=0.8
(20%) deflection would be possible with no
hydraulic pressure. The default value is 0.0, no
hydraulic dependency.
Specifies the percentage of rudder deflection (0.0 -

1.0) dependent on hydraulic pressure. For example,
a value of 0.8 (80%) would mean that only 0.2
rudder_hydraulic_boost_percent rudder_hydraulic_boost_percent=0.8
(20%) deflection would be possible with no
hydraulic pressure. The default value is 0.0, no
hydraulic dependency.
[reference speeds]
The values given in this section are mainly for reference, as the performance of the aircraft is held in the .air file.

Stall speed of the aircraft in a clean (flaps up) configuration at standard sea Beech Baron 58
flaps_up_stall_speed
level conditions, (Knots True Airspeed, KTAS). ( flaps_up_stall_speed = 84.0 )
Stall speed of the aircraft in a dirty (flaps full down) configuration at Beech Baron 58
full_flaps_stall_speed
standard sea level conditions, (Knots True Airspeed, KTAS). ( full_flaps_stall_speed = 75.0 )
Typical cruise speed of the aircraft in a clean (flaps up) configuration at a Beech Baron 58( cruise_speed =
cruise_speed
typical cruise altitude, (Knots True Airspeed, KTAS). 180.0 )
Beech King Air 350( max_mach =

Maximum design mach of the aircraft. This generally only applies to turbine 0.58 )
max_mach
airplanes. Bombardier CRJ 700( max_mach =
0.83 )
Maximum design indicated airspeed. Also referred to as Never Exceed Beech Baron 58
max_indicated_speed
Speed or Red Line of the aircraft, (Knots Indicated Airspeed). ( max_indicated_speed = 223 )
[forcefeedback]
As detailed in the tables below, the parameters in this section of an aircraft.cfg file define the forces generated by that aircraft if the user is
operating a force feedback joystick.
Stick shaker parameters
These parameters define the simulated stick shaker force felt in the stick or yoke when flying an aircraft equipped with a stick shaker (such as the
Learjet 45).
Gear bump parameters
These parameters define the simulated forces transferred from the airframe and gear drag to the stick or yoke when the aircraft's nose and main
landing gear is raised or lowered (cycled). In fixed-gear aircraft this effect won't be felt because, by definition, the landing gear doesn't move.
Different aircraft have different gear geometries that result in each of the gear mechanisms starting and ending its cycle at a different time. The
timing deltas are brief, typically less than a second between the time that each gear starts and ends its cycle.
Ground bumps parameters
These parameters collectively define a composite force that simulates the forces felt through an aircraft's ground steering controls as the aircraft
travels over an uneven surface. The parameters are divided into two subgroups (numbered 1 and 2), and define the behavior of two distinct forces.
The combination of the two forces define a composite force that is transferred to the stick or yoke. The two forces are both sinusoidal periodic forces,
with frequencies determined by the following linear equation:
l frequency = (ground_bumps_slope * aircraft_ground_speed) + ground_bumps_intercept
The ground_bumps_magnitude parameters set the magnitude of the force. The ground_bumps_angle parameters set the direction from which the
force is felt.
Crash parameters
These parameters define the simulated forces felt in the stick or yoke when the aircraft crashes. The parameters are divided into two subgroups
(numbered 1 and 2), and define the behavior of two distinct crash-induced forces. The first force is a constant force that lasts for 0.5 seconds. After
0.5 seconds, it stops and the second force starts. The second force is a periodic square wave force; its amplitude declines linearly to 0.

Mooney Bravo
gear_bump_nose_magnitude Integer from 0 - 10000.
( gear_bump_nose_magnitude=3000 )
Mooney Bravo
gear_bump_nose_direction Integer from 0 - 35999 degrees.
( gear_bump_nose_direction=18000 )
Mooney Bravo
gear_bump_nose_duration Integer, microseconds.
( gear_bump_nose_duration=250000 )
Mooney Bravo
gear_bump_left_magnitude Integer from 0 - 10000.
( gear_bump_left_magnitude=2700 )
Mooney Bravo
( gear_bump_left_direction=35500 )
gear_bump_left_direction Integer from 0 - 35999 degrees.
Beech Baron 58
( gear_bump_left_direction=9000 )
Mooney Bravo
gear_bump_left_duration Integer, microseconds.
( gear_bump_left_duration=250000 )
Mooney Bravo
gear_bump_right_magnitude Integer from 0 - 10000.
( gear_bump_right_magnitude=2700 )
Mooney Bravo
( gear_bump_right_direction=00500 )
gear_bump_right_direction Integer from 0 - 35999 degrees.
Beech Baron 58
( gear_bump_right_direction=27000 )
Mooney Bravo
gear_bump_right_duration Integer, microseconds.
( gear_bump_right_duration=250000 )
Mooney Bravo
ground_bumps_magnitude1 Integer from 0 - 10000.
( ground_bumps_magnitude1=1300 )
ground_bumps_angle1 Integer from 0 - 35999 degrees. Mooney Bravo( ground_bumps_angle1=8900 )
Floating point number, from 0 to 1,000,000 cycles per Mooney Bravo

ground_bumps_intercept1
second. ( ground_bumps_intercept1=3.0 )
Floating point number, from 0 to 1,000,000 cycles per

ground_bumps_slope1 Mooney Bravo( ground_bumps_slope1=0.20 )
second.
Mooney Bravo
ground_bumps_magnitude2 Integer from 0 - 10000.
( ground_bumps_magnitude2=200 )
ground_bumps_angle2 0 - 35999 degrees. Mooney Bravo( ground_bumps_angle2=09100 )
Floating point number, from 0 to 1,000,000 cycles per Bombardier CRJ 700( ground_bumps_intercept2
ground_bumps_intercept2
second. =1.075 )
Floating point number, from 0 to 1,000,000 cycles per

ground_bumps_slope2 Mooney Bravo( ground_bumps_slope2=0.035 )
second.
crash_magnitude1 Sets the magnitude of the first force, from 0 to 10000. Mooney Bravo( crash_magnitude1=10000 )
Sets the direction from which first force is felt, from 0

crash_direction1 Mooney Bravo( crash_direction1=01000 )
to 35999.
Sets the initial magnitude of the second force, from 0

crash_magnitude2 Mooney Bravo( crash_magnitude2=10000 )
to 10000.
Sets the direction from which the second force is felt,

crash_direction2 Mooney Bravo( crash_direction2=9000 )
from 0 to 35999.
Determines the frequency (frequency = 1/period) of

crash_period2 Mooney Bravo( crash_period2=75000 )
the second crash force, in microseconds.
Sets the amount of time that the second crash force is

crash_duration2 Mooney Bravo( crash_duration2=2500000 )
felt, in microseconds.
Beech Baron 58
stick_shaker_magnitude Integer from 0 - 10000.
( stick_shaker_magnitude=5000 )
stick_shaker_direction Integer from 0 - 35999 degrees. Beech Baron 58( stick_shaker_direction=0 )
stick_shaker_period In microseconds. Beech Baron 58( stick_shaker_period=111111 )
[stall_warning]
This section defines the stall warning system of the aircraft.

This flag determines the type of stall warning system, one of:
0 = None
type Mooney Bravo( type=2 )
1 = Suction
2 = Electric
stick_shaker Set to 1 if the aircraft has a stick shaker. Mooney Bravo( stick_shaker=0 )
[deice_system]
This section defines the deice system of the aircraft.

Type of deicer, of one:
0 = None
Beech Baron 58( structural_deice_type=3 )
structural_deice_type 1 = Heated Leading Edge
Beech King Air 350( structural_deice_type=2 )
2 = Bleed Air Boots
3 = Eng Pump Boots.
[piston_engine]
A piston engine's power can be determined through a series of equations that represent the Otto cycle of a four-stroke piston engine, multiplied by
the number of pistons available. This section contains all the information needed to be able to determine how much power the engines are capable of
producing. Power can also be scaled from the calculated values generated for piston engines with the "power_scalar" property.

The manifold pressure that if reached or
detonation_onset
exceeded will lead to the engine detonating.
supercharged On/off.
Multiplier on manifold pressure if

supercharger_boost
supercharger is engaged..
Percent of horsepower required to drive

supercharger_power_cost
supercharger.
Emergency boost duration in seconds. The

emergency boost system was designed to
emergency_boost_duration model the systems used on WWII aircraft.
The nitrous and supercharging systems are
available for more modern aircraft.
Scalar value that can be modified to tune

the mechanical efficiency of the engine at Beech Baron 58
max_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar maximum rpm. Increase this value to ( max_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar=
increase the mechanical efficiency, decrease 1.0 )
it to decrease the mechanical efficiency.

the mechanical efficiency of the engine at Beech Baron 58
idle_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar idle rpm. Increase this value to increase the ( idle_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar=
mechanical efficiency, decrease it to 1.0 )
decrease the mechanical efficiency.

the internal friction of the engine at
Mooney Bravo
max_rpm_friction_scalar maximum rpm. Increase this value to
( max_rpm_friction_scalar=1.000 )
increase the friction, decrease it to decrease
the friction.

the internal friction of the engine at idle
rpm. Increase this value to increase the Mooney Bravo
idle_rpm_friction_scalar
friction, decrease it to decrease the friction, ( idle_rpm_friction_scalar=1.000 )
(can be used to tune the rpm at which the
engine idles).
Beech Baron 58( cylinder_displacement=

91.7 )
cylinder_displacement Cubic inches per cylinder displacement.
( cylinder_displacement= 109.4 )
two_stroke_cycle Two stroke engine.
Beech Baron 58( compression_ratio= 8.0 )

compression_ratio Compression ratio of each cylinder. DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( compression_ratio=
6.0 )
Beech Baron 58( number_of_cylinders= 6 )

Integer value; number of cylinders in the
number_of_cylinders DeHavilland Beaver DHC2
engine.
( number_of_cylinders=9 )
Beech Baron 58( max_rated_rpm= 2700.0 )

Maximum rated revolutions per minute
max_rated_rpm DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( max_rated_rpm=
(RPM) of the engine (red line).
2300 )
Beech Baron 58( max_rated_hp= 300.0 )

Maximum rated brake horsepower output of
max_rated_hp DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( max_rated_hp=
the engine.
450 )
Integer value indicating the fuel metering

type, one of: Beech Baron 58( fuel_metering_type= 0 )
fuel_metering_type 0 = Fuel Injected DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( fuel_metering_type
1 = Gravity Carburetor, =1)
2 = Aerobatic Carburetor.
Integer value indicating the method of

engine cooling, one of:
cooling_type Beech Baron 58( cooling_type= 0 )
0 = air cooled
1 = liquid cooled.
This value can be modified to

increase/decrease the torque supplied by
Beech Baron 58( normalized_starter_torque=
normalized_starter_torque the starter to get the prop turning. Increase
0.3 )
this value for a greater torque effect,
decrease it for a lower torque setting.
Boolean to indicate if the engine is

turbocharged DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( turbocharged= 1 )
turbocharged; 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
If a turbocharger is present, this value

Beech Baron 58( max_design_mp= 0.0 )
indicates the maximum design manifold
max_design_mp DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( max_design_mp=
pressure supplied by the turbocharger
36.5 )
(inHg).
If a turbocharger is present, this value Beech Baron 58( min_design_mp= 1.0 )

min_design_mp indicates the minimum design manifold DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( min_design_mp=
pressure of the turbocharger (inHg). 10 )
Altitude to which the turbocharger, if Beech Baron 58( critical_altitude= 0.0 )

critical_altitude present, will provide the maximum design DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( critical_altitude=
manifold pressure (feet). 5000 )
Integer value indicating the emergency

boost type available, one of:
0 = None
emergency_boost_type 1 = Water Injection Mooney Bravo( emergency_boost_type= 0 )
2 = Methanol/Water Injection
3 = War Emergency Power, (typically used
in WWII combat aircraft).
Additional manifold pressure supplied by Mooney Bravo( emergency_boost_mp_offset=

emergency_boost_mp_offset
emergency boost, if available. 0.000 )
Multiplier on manifold pressure due to Mooney Bravo

emergency_boost_gain_offset
emergency boost. ( emergency_boost_gain_offset= 0.000 )
Boolean to indicate if automatic fuel-to-air

fuel_air_auto_mixture Mooney Bravo( fuel_air_auto_mixture= 0 )
mixture is available; 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
Boolean to indicate if automatic ignition is

auto_ignition Mooney Bravo( auto_ignition= 0 )
available; 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
Changing this value affects the amount of
power delivered by the engine to the

power_scalar Beech Baron 58( power_scalar = 1.0 )
propeller shaft.
Specific fuel consumption at Best Power

bestpowerspecificfuelconsumption
mixture ratio.
Sets the order of the magneto switch Piper J3 Cub( magneto_order_left_right_both

magneto_order_left_right_both
direction. =1)
number_of_magnetos Number of magnetos.
[propeller]
The thrust generated by a given propeller is a function of the power delivered through the propeller shaft, rpm, blade angle, airplane speed, and
ambient density.

Integer that identifies what type of propeller is on
the aircraft, one of: Beech Baron 58( propeller_type= 0 )
propeller_type
0 = Constant Speed Beech King Air 350( propeller_type = 0 )
1 = Fixed Pitch.
Beech Baron 58( propeller_diameter= 6.4 )

propeller_diameter Diameter of propeller blades, tip to tip, in feet. Beech King Air 350( propeller_diameter =
8.8 )
Integer value indicating the number of blades on Beech Baron 58( propeller_blades= 3 )
propeller_blades
the propeller (2, 3 or 4). Beech King Air 350( propeller_blades = 4 )
Beech Baron 58( propeller_moi= 6.9 )

propeller_moi Propeller moment of inertia, (slug ft2).
Beech King Air 350( propeller_moi = 24 )
Beech Baron 58( beta_max= 45.0 )

Maximum blade pitch angle for constant speed
beta_max Beech King Air 350( beta_max = 45 )
prop (degrees). (Not used if fixed pitch.).
DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( beta_max= 24.0 )
Minimum blade pitch angle for constant speed Beech Baron 58( beta_min= 15.2 )
beta_min
prop (degrees). (Not used if fixed pitch.). Beech King Air 350( beta_min = 15.2 )
Beech Baron 58( min_gov_rpm= 1100.0 )

The minimum rpm controlled by the governor for Beech King Air 350( min_gov_rpm = 25520 )
min_gov_rpm
a constant speed prop. DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( min_gov_rpm=
800 )
Beech Baron 58( prop_tc= 0.1 )

prop_tc Time constant for prop.
Beech King Air 350( prop_tc = 0.004 )
Beech Baron 58( gear_reduction_ratio=

The reduction ratio from the engine output rpm to 1.0 )
gear_reduction_ratio
prop rpm. Beech King Air 350( gear_reduction_ratio =
17.6 )
Blade pitch angle for fixed pitch prop (degrees). Beech Baron 58( fixed_pitch_beta= 0.0 )
fixed_pitch_beta
(Not used if constant speed.). Beech King Air 350( fixed_pitch_beta = 0 )
Beech Baron 58( low_speed_theory_limit=

The speed at which low-speed propeller theory
80.0 )
low_speed_theory_limit gets blended into the high speed propeller theory,
Beech King Air 350( low_speed_theory_limit
(feet/second).
= 80 )
This scalar can be used to adjust the thrust

low_speed_theory_scalar low_speed_theory_scalar= 1.8
calculated using the low-speed propeller theory.
Beech Baron 58( prop_sync_available= 1 )

Boolean to indicate if propeller-sync is available
prop_sync_available Beech King Air 350( prop_sync_available =
(twin engine aircraft); 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
1)
Beech Baron 58( prop_deice_available= 1 )

Boolean to indicate if propeller de-icing is
prop_deice_available Beech King Air 350( prop_deice_available =
available; 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
1)
Boolean to indicate if prop feathering is available

Beech Baron 58
prop_feathering_available (constant speed prop only); 0 = FALSE, 1 =
( prop_feathering_available= 1 )
TRUE.
Boolean to indicate if prop auto-feathering is

Beech King Air 350
prop_auto_feathering_available available (constant speed prop only); 0 = FALSE,
( prop_auto_feathering_available= 1 )
1 = TRUE.
Beech Baron 58( min_rpm_for_feather=

Minimum rpm at which the prop will feather (if 700.0 )
min_rpm_for_feather
feathering is available). Beech King Air 350( min_rpm_for_feather =
700 )
Beech Baron 58( beta_feather= 82.5 )

beta_feather Propeller pitch angle when feathered (degrees).
Beech King Air 350( beta_feather = 79.3 )
Beech Baron 58( power_absorbed_cf= 0.9 )

Coefficient of friction power absorbed by
power_absorbed_cf Beech King Air 350( power_absorbed_cf =
propeller.
0.9 )
Mooney Bravo
Boolean to indicate if de-feathering accumulators
defeathering_accumulators_available ( defeathering_accumulators_available=
are available; 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE.
0)
Specifies the scalar on the calculated propeller

reverser effect. A value of 0 will cause no reverse
thrust to be available. A value of 1.0 will cause Beech King Air 350( prop_reverse_available
the theoretical normal thrust to be available. =1)

prop_reverse_available Other values will scale the normal calculated
value accordingly.
Beech Baron 58
Minimum blade pitch angle when the aircraft is on ( minimum_on_ground_beta= 0.0 )
minimum_on_ground_beta
the ground (degrees). Beech King Air 350
( minimum_on_ground_beta = 1.0 )
Beech Baron 58( minimum_reverse_beta=

Minimum blade pitch angle when the propeller is 0.0 )
minimum_reverse_beta
in reverse (degrees). Beech King Air 350( minimum_reverse_beta
= -14.0 )
Parameter that scales the calculated thrust Beech Baron 58( thrust_scalar = 1.0 )
thrust_scalar
provided by the propeller. Beech King Air 350( thrust_scalar = 1.0 )
Boolean indicating if feathering switches are

available. 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE. Feathering
switches (as found on the Douglas DC3), allow
feathering_switches
the pilot to automatically feather the propeller via
a switch, regardless of the propeller lever
position.
number_of_propellers The number of propellers driven per engine.
Set of flags that allows the propellers to be driven

engine_map
by a different engine.
This parameter allows for the propeller to be

propeller.0
located at the specified offset (longitudinal, lateral
to
and vertical) in feet from the engine that is
propeller.1
driving it.
[magneticcompass]
This section defines the magnetic compass characteristics of the aircraft.

compass.0 Set to 1 for a vertical compass (with no dip errors).
[gpws]
This section sepcifies the details of the ground proximity warning system.

max_warning_height The height below which a warning is activated.
sink_rate_fpm If an aircraft exceeds this rate of descent a warning is activated.
excessive_sink_rate_fpm If an aircraft exceeds this rate of descent an urgent warning is activated.
If an aircraft starts to descend during takeoff, and exceeds this rate of descent, a warning is
climbout_sink_rate_fpm
activated.
If an aircraft is landing, and exceeds this rate of descent without flaps or gear extended, a
flap_and_gear_sink_rate_fpm
warning is activated.
[cameraconfiguration]
This section shows the global camera configuration properties that can be set on a per object basis.

The global offset of the camera Origin in meters for all camera definitions with Origin type
CenterOffsetXyz = ( 0.0,
CenterOffsetXyz Center. This value will be overridden by the CenterOffsetXyz value of a Camera Definition if
1.5, 0.0 )
present.
[cameradefinition.n]
This section shows the camera properties most used by aircraft. An aircraft can have multiple cameradefinition sections, which should be numbered
from 0 to n. For a full definition of all the properties that can be set for a camera definition, refer to the Camera Configuration document. All of the
properties described in that document can be used in an aircraft camera definition in an aircraft configuration file.
Property Examples
title DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( title = "Right Float" )
guid DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( Guid = {B0CA7E72-F3D9-F748-8BF5-108D197B2469} )
description DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( Description = "View from the aft end of the right float looking forward" )
origin Mooney Bravo( Origin = Virtual Cockpit )
snappbhadjust DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( SnapPbhAdjust = None )
snappbhreturn
panpbhadjust DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( PanPbhAdjust = None )
panpbhreturn
track
showaxis Mooney Bravo( ShowAxis = FALSE )
allowzoom Mooney Bravo( AllowZoom = TRUE )
initialzoom DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( InitialZoom = .5 )
showweather
initialxyz DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( InitialXyz = 1.5, .5, -3.9 )
initialpbh DeHavilland Beaver DHC2( InitialPbh = 0, 0, 0 )
xyzadjust
category
momentumeffect Mooney Bravo( MomentumEffect = TRUE )
clipmode
zoompanscalar Mooney Bravo( ZoomPanScalar = 1.0 )
showlensflare Mooney Bravo( ShowLensFlare=FALSE )
[turboprop_engine]
The amount of power generated by an engine and the power required for a propeller to turn through the air determine the increase and decrease of
the rpm. A turboprop engine is really a combination of a turbine engine and a propeller. The values in this section are included to modify values
specific to the turboprop.

Changing this value affects the amount of power
power_scalar Beech King Air 350( power_scalar = 1.0 )
delivered by the engine to the propeller shaft.
Beech King Air 350( maximum_torque = 3270 )

Maximum shaft-torque available from the engine (ft-
maximum_torque de Havilland Dash 8-100( maximum_torque =
lbs).
7878 )
Brake power specific fuel consumption (turboprop Beech King Air 350 Paint1
powerspecificfuelconsumption
only). ( PowerSpecificFuelConsumption = 0.55 )
[airspeed_indicators]
This section is used to define the characteristics of the airspeed indicators on the instrument panels. The list of indicators should be listed in order:
0,1,2,…n. These characteristics define the calibration between calibrated airspeed and indicated airspeed.

The first parameter is a scalar on the calibrated airspeed, and the second is an
airspeed_indicator.0 ( airspeed_indicator.0 = 1, 0 )
offset in knots. The offset is applied first, then the scalar. The default value for
to Maule M7 260C
the scalar is 1.0 and the default for the offset is 0.0, thus by default indicated
airspeed_indicator.n ( airspeed_indicator.0 = 1.3, -
airspeed is equal to calibrated airspeed.
24.0 )
[pressurization]
This section defines the pressurization characteristics of the aircraft.

design_cabin_pressure
max_pressure_differential
[variometers]
This section defines the variometers characteristics of the aircraft.

variometer.0
[yaw_string]
This section defines the yaw string characteristics of the aircraft.

yaw_string_available
[water ballast system]

This section defines the water ballast system of the aircraft.

tank.0 Front Fuselage.
tank.1 Rear Fuselage.
tank.2 Left Outboard.
tank.3 Left Inboard.
tank.4 Right Inboard.
tank.5 Right Outboard.
numberofreleasevalves Number of release valves.
dumprate Gallons per second.
[smokesystem]
The section describes how to configure a smoke system for an aircraft. You can set multiple smoke points on an aircraft.

smoke.0
to The position relative to datum reference point of the smoke emitter and the smoke effect file name.
smoke.n
[folding_wings]
This section describes the folding wing characteristics of the aircraft. Note that these are folding wings used to store an aircraft more compactly
when on the ground, or on deck, and not the variable sweep wings used on some supersonic aircraft. Variable sweep wings are not supported.

One of:
0: None (the default)
1: Manual
wing_fold_system_type
2: Pneumatic
3: Electrical
4: Hydraulic
fold_rates Two values (for left and right), giving the percentage per second, to fully extend and retract.
[anemometers]
This section describes the positions of the anemometers in the aircraft.

anemometer.0
to Position of the anemometer relative to datum reference point.
anemometer.n
[realismconstants]
This section describes some realism constraints, dealing in particular with early aircraft. The values entered are used to make an aircraft more
stable.

rollmomentfrombeta Scalar and offset applied to the roll moment from beta.
rollmomentfromailerons Scale and offset applied to the roll moment from the ailerons.
pitchmomentzeroalpha Scale and offset applied to the zero angle of attack.
[antidetonation system.n]
reservoir_size Gallons.
flow_rate Gallons per minute.
reservoir_position Position relative to datum reference point .
Manifold pressure above which AntiDetonation system cannot compensate for. Units are inches of
max_mp_compensate
mercury.
[nitrous system.n]

reservoir_size Gallons
flow_rate Gallons per minute
mp_boost Multiplier on manifold pressure
[tailhook]
If a tailhook entry is made, it will override the attachpt_tailhook_pivot and attachpt_tailhook_hook entries for the aircraft, if these attach
points exist.

tailhook_length Length of tailhook in feet.
tailhook_position Tailhook pivot point relative to datum reference point.
A scalar value applied to the arrestor cable forces acting upon the aircraft when
cable_force_adjust cable_force_adjust = 1.0
hooked.
A scalar value applied to the arrestor cable moment of force acting upon the aircraft cable_moment_adjust =
cable_moment_adjust
when hooked. 0.2
[launch_assistance]
If a launch_assistance entry is made, it will override the attachpt_Launch_Bar_Pivot and attachpt_Launch_Bar_Lug entries for the aircraft, if
these attach points exist.

launch_bar_pivot Launch bar pivot point relative to datum reference point. launch_bar_pivot = 5.0, 0.0, -1.0
launch_bar_lug Launch bar lug point relative to datum reference point. launch_bar_lug = 5.0, 0.0, -4.5
[voicealerts]

lowfuelpct Three values: Low Fuel limit (percent), check above (1) or below (-1), and check every N seconds.
overglimit High G limit, check above (1) or below (-1), and check every N seconds.
Helicopter Specific Sections
The following sections are specific to helicopters only. The implementation of the Bell 206 helicopter is a legacy implementation that cannot be
configured by changing data in the configuration file. The [helicopter] section is the only helicopter-specific section that is used by the Bell 206.
Other helicopter models do use the data in the configuration file to determine their aerodynamic performance, and utilize all the following helicopter-
specific sections.
[helicopter]

The longitudinal position, in feet, from the datum of the
lift_aero_center
helicopter that represents the vertical aerodynamic center.
This scales the stability of the Bell 206B helicopter to make

the aircraft easier to fly. It has no effect on the other
helicopters. The stability factor is broken down into three
components: pitch, bank, and yaw damping.
The stability factor is scaled according to the pitch, bank,
low_realism_stability_scale and yaw values set. For example, increasing the first value
(pitch) to 1.1 increases the pitch-damping factor by 10
percent. Increasing these values excessively will result in
excessive damping, making it hard to control the
helicopter.
The stability factor is scaled by the General Flight Model
Realism slider in the Realism Settings dialog box. At the

highest realism setting, it is scaled to 0% (no additional
damping); at the minimum setting, it is scaled to 100
percent. Changes to the stability factor in the .cfg have
their largest effect when the Realism Setting is set to
minimum, and have no effect when Realism Setting is set
to maximum.
Robinson R22( reference_length =

reference_length The length of the helicopter, in feet.
21.58 )
The cross section area of the fuselage, in feet squared, as Robinson R22( reference_frontal_area
reference_frontal_area
viewed from head on to the helicopter. = 17.7 )
Total side area of the fuselage, in feet squared, as viewed Robinson R22( reference_side_area =
reference_side_area
from directly abeam of the helicopter. 44.5 )
The longitudinal position, in feet, from the datum of the Robinson R22( side_aero_center = -
side_aero_center
helicopter that represents the lateral aerodynamic center. 12.5 )
Scalar on the effect of the trim that counters dissymmetry

Robinson R22( right_trim_scalar =
right_trim_scalar of lift. The trim normally induces a roll moment to the
1.0 )
right, but a negative value will create a left moment.
This flag determines if a collective/throttle correlator is Robinson R22( correlator_available =

correlator_available
configured on the helicopter. 1)
Defines the percent rpm that the governor attempts to

Robinson R22( governed_pct_rpm_ref
governed_pct_rpm_ref maintain. 1.0 = 100% of "rated" rpm, although a few
= 1.04 )
percent above that is normal.
Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) feedback

controller that works to maintain the reference rpm. The
series of numbers are:
proportional controller constant
integral controller constant Robinson R22( governor_pid = 0.4, 0,
governor_pid
derivative controller constant 0.1, 0, 0.2 )
max rpm error (where 1.0 = 100%) in which the
integrator portion is active
max rpm error (where 1.0 = 100%) in which the
derivative portion is active
Robinson R22( rotor_brake_scalar =

rotor_brake_scalar Scalar on the effect of the rotor brake.
1.0 )
Scalar on the effect that the rotor has on the yawing

torque_scalar Robinson R22( torque_scalar = 1.0 )
moment of the helicopter.
Scalar on the amount of roll control authority from lateral Robinson R22
cyclic_roll_control_scalar
movement of the cyclic. ( cyclic_roll_control_scalar =1.0 )
Scalar on the amount of pitch control authority from Robinson R22

cyclic_pitch_control_scalar
fore/aft movement of the cyclic. ( cyclic_pitch_control_scalar =1.0 )
Scalar on the amount of yaw control authority from Robinson R22( pedal_control_scalar
pedal_control_scalar
movement of the anti-torque pedals. =1.0 )
Scalar on the amount of torque exerted on the rotor

Robinson R22
system due to the collective pitch of the rotor blades.
collective_on_rotor_torque_scalar ( collective_on_rotor_torque_scalar
Increasing this constant will result in the rotor rpm tending
= 1.0 )
to decelerate more dramatically as collective is increased.
[fuselage_aerodynamics]

drag_force_cf Coefficient of longitudinal drag. Robinson R22( drag_force_cf = 0.55 )
side_drag_force_cf Coefficient of lateral drag. Robinson R22( side_drag_force_cf = 10.0 )
pitch_damp_cf Pitch damping coefficient (resistance to pitch velocity). Robinson R22( pitch_damp_cf = -2.0 )
roll_damp_cf Roll damping coefficient (resistance to roll velocity). Robinson R22( roll_damp_cf = -2.0 )
yaw_damp_cf Yaw damping coefficient (resistance to yaw velocity). Robinson R22( yaw_damp_cf = -0.1 )
yaw_stability_cf Yaw stability coefficient. This is the weathervane effect. Robinson R22( yaw_stability_cf = 0.27 )
[mainrotor]
static_pitch_angle When the stick is centered, the pitch angle of the rotor disk, in degrees.
static_bank_angle When the stick is centered, the bank angle of the rotor disk, in degrees.
Position relative to datum reference point. This position should be the center of Robinson R22( Position = -8.5,
position
the main rotor. 0, 4.91 )
Robinson R22( Radius =

radius The radius of the rotor, in feet.
12.583 )
The maximum absolute deflection angle up or down, in degrees, that the rotor Robinson R22( max_disc_angle
max_disc_angle
disc can move with the cyclic. = 5.0 )
Robinson R22( RatedRpm =

ratedrpm The rated rpm value for the main rotor.
510 )
Robinson R22
number_of_blades The number of blades in the rotor.
( Number_of_blades = 2 )
Robinson R22
weight_per_blade Approximate weight, in pounds, of each rotor blade.
( Weight_per_blade = 26.0 )
The constant used in calculating the moment of inertia of the rotor disc. The MOI Robinson R22
weight_to_moi_factor algorithm is a function of the number of blades, their weight, and this constant. ( Weight_to_moi_factor =
Increasing this constant will increase the inertia of the disc. 0.58 )
Robinson R22
The reference inflow velocity of the air mass moving through the rotor disc.
inflow_vel_reference ( inflow_vel_reference =
Increasing this value will result in more thrust being generated.
34.0 )
[secondaryrotor]

Position relative to datum reference point. This position should be the center of the Robinson R22( Position = -22.8, -0.74,
position
secondary rotor. 1.8 )
tailrotor This flag, if set to 1, configures the secondary rotor as a tail rotor, or anti-torque. Robinson R22( TailRotor = 1 )
radius The radius of the rotor, in feet. Robinson R22( Radius = 1.75 )
[sling.n]
There can be multiple sling positions on an aircraft, each with its own set of the following properties.

hoist_extend_rate Feet per second.
hoist_retract_rate Feet per second.
position Position relative to datum reference point.
max_stretch Max stretch distance at ultimate load.
damping_ratio 0 for no damping to 1.0 for critically damped.
rated_load Characteristics tension of cable in pounds.
ultimate_load Breaking force in pounds. This cannot exceed 10,000lb.
tolerance_angle Angle, in degrees, used to determine lateral breaking force limit.
auto_pickup_range Max Range, in feet, for auto-pickup.
auto_pickup_max_speed Maximum speed (feet per second) for auto-pickup.
hoist_payload_station Payload station in which the hoist will load in and out of. 1 is first station.
hoist_door Door associated with hoist. Must be open for use.
[turboshaft_engine]
A turboshaft engine on a helicopter is very similar to a turboprop engine on a fixed wing aircraft.

power_scalar Scalar on Turboprop power.
maximum_torque Maximum torque available (ft-lbs).
powerspecificfuelconsumption Brake power specific fuel consumption.
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Aircraft Config

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Aircraft Configuration Files Page 1 of 30

Aircraft Configuration Files

l Testing Changes to aircraft.cfg

Sections of the Configuration File

Property Description Examples

Specifies which AIR (flight

Specifies which model

Specifies which panel folder Mooney Bravo( panel= )

Specifies which sound

Specifies which texture Mooney Bravo( texture= )

Specifies which _check.txt

Specifies which _ref.txt file

The tail number displayed

tail numbers burned into

The ATC system will use

The ATC system will use

This value identifies the

This value identifies the

This value identifies the

Mooney Bravo( ui_typerole="Single Engine Prop" )

This value is used to

The aircraft description can

Setting this flag to 1

Setting this flag to 1 will

Specifies the preferred

Specifies one or more ICAO

hexadecimal, the color of

The ratio of rotor

This is the specific aircraft

The DIS entity type string

The GUID of External

Optional string data you

Optional integer defining

ExternalSecondarySimModule.0 Optional SimConnect

This flag can be used to

Property Description Examples

This is the specific aircraft model

Mooney Bravo( performance="Maximum Speed\t\n220 kts 253 mph\t407

aircraft can be edited. The \t is a hp\n\nPropeller\t\nThree-bladed McCauley constant

For aircraft, one of airplane or Maule M7 260C( category = Airplane )

This flag can be used to override

By default, vehicles are considered

If this configuration entry is

Property Description Examples

Pitch Roll Yaw

K= 810 1870 770

Property Description Examples

Total weight (in pounds) of the aircraft minus usable fuel,

center point, which is on the centerline chord aft of the leading

Specifies the maximum number of stations (specific locations) for

Specifies the weight and position of passengers or payload at a

Flight control effectiveness parameters

High Angle of Attack parameters

Propeller-induced turning effect parameters

Property Description Examples

cruise_lift_scalar CL0. Mooney Bravo( cruise_lift_scalar = 1.0 )

parasite_drag_scalar Cd0. Mooney Bravo( parasite_drag_scalar = 1.0 )

induced_drag_scalar Cdi. Mooney Bravo( induced_drag_scalar = 1.0 )

elevator_effectiveness Cmde. Mooney Bravo( elevator_effectiveness = 1.0 )

aileron_effectiveness Clda. Mooney Bravo( aileron_effectiveness = 1.0 )

rudder_effectiveness Cndr. Mooney Bravo( rudder_effectiveness = 1.0 )

pitch_stability Cmq. Mooney Bravo( pitch_stability = 1.0 )

roll_stability Clp. Mooney Bravo( roll_stability = 1.0 )