stretch length of anchor cannot be fixed as required by the "tum of nut" method.

The Industrial Fastener Institute recommends the following fonnula for detennining
the proper tightening torque.

T=KDP (4.2)

where:

T = tightening torque, kip-in (kN-mm)

K = torque coefficient, dimensionless
D = fastener diameter, nominal, in (mm)
P = bolt tensile load, kips (kN)

"K" varies from 0.06 to 0.35 (use 0.20 for typical anchor bolt)

4.3.4 Stretching Lengths

Pretensioning should only be implemented when the stretching (spring) length of

the anchor bolt extends down to near the anchor head of the bolt. On a typical
anchor bolt embedment, as a pre-load is placed upon the bolt, the bolt starts to shed
its load to the concrete through its grip (bond) on the bolt. At that time, there exists
a high bond stress at the first few inches of embedment. This bond will relieve itself
over time and thereby reduce the pre-load on the bolt. Therefore, it is important that
the bond be prevented on anchor bolts to be pretensioned. Bond on the bolt shaft
can be prevented by wrapping the shaft with plastic tape or by heavily coating the
bolt with grease immediately before placing concrete. Grout must not be allowed to
bond to the anchor bolt. Tape the portion of the anchor bolt through the grout zone
and to within one inch (25 mm) of the bolt head, below the sleeve. (See Figure 4.3)

Tape or grease should not be applied closer than one inch (25 mm) to the anchor
bolt head or anchor plate. Anchor bolt sleeves should not be positioned closer than
6D to the bolt head to preclude failure by the head of the bolt pulling through the
sleeve.

Sleeved anchor bolts to be pretensioned should have that portion of the bolt
beneath the sleeve taped or greased.

The stretching length of the bolt which is pre-loaded within the elastic range acts
as a spring in clamping the base plate down against the foundation.

4-5