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Structure of a typical
three-phase BLDC
Basic Structures contd.
• Stator windings similar to those in a polyphase ac
motor
• Rotor composed of one or more permanent
magnets
• BLDC different from ac synchronous motors
incorporates means to detect rotor position to
produce signals to control electronic switches
• Most common position/pole sensor is Hall
element, some motors use optical sensors
Variation in Construction
Several different physical configurations
Conventional (also known as 'inrunner') configuration
• Permanent magnets mounted on spinning armature (rotor)
• Three stator windings surround rotor
Outrunner configuration
• Radial-relationship between coils and magnets reversed; stator coils form
center (core) of motor
• Permanent magnets spin on an overhanging rotor which surrounds core
Flat type
• Stator and rotor plates, mounted face to face used where there are space
or shape limitations
Outrunners typically have more poles, set up in triplets to maintain three
groups of windings, and have a higher torque at low RPMs
Variation in Construction contd.
• Two electrical configurations having to do with how windings are
connected to each other (not their physical shape or location)
– Delta configuration
– Wye configuration
• Delta configuration gives low torque at low rpm, but can give
higher top rpm
• Wye configuration gives high torque at low rpm, but not as high
top rpm
• Wye winding normally more efficient
– At any given time, two-thirds of windings in a delta configuration are
running at half the voltage of the other, which has an impact on
efficiency
– Wye winding always powers only two windings in series, so higher
voltages (or lower-resistance windings) can be used
Variation in Construction contd.
• Two-phase BLDCs also very commonly used for simple
construction and drive circuits