1.

A) Distinguish between “Hydrodynamic bearings” and “Hydrostatic bearings”

A bearing is said to be hydrostatic bearing if it has a static fluid ( liquid or air) along
the surface of the shaft/journal where the fluid will be supplied externally and the
pressure is generally maintained by an external pump.

In case of hydrodynamic bearing the pressure is developed by the high speed journal
at higher rpm, this helps the movement of thin film of lubricant , basically converging
fluids are employed

B) A single row deep groove ball bearing is subjected to a radial load of 8 kN and a
axial load of 3 kN. The shaft rotates at 1200 rpm. The expected life of the bearing is
20000 hours. The minimum acceptable diameter of the shaft is 75mm. select a
suitable ball bearing for this application.
2. Design a trunk type cast iron piston for a 4-stroke diesel engine with the following
specifications: cylinder bore = 250 mm, stroke length = 375 mm, speed = 600 rpm,
maximum gas pressure = 5 MPa, indicated mean effective pressure = 0.8 MPa, rate if
fuel consumption = 0.3 Kg/BP/H, higher calorific value of fuel = 44 MJ/Kg,
mechanical efficiency = 80%. Sate clearly the design decision taken.

Piston head or crown

Thickness of piston head on the basis of strength,

∴ Thickness of the piston head on the basis of heat dissipation,

Heat flowing through the piston head

H = C × HCV × m × BP
Radial ribs
Thickness of the ribs varies from tH/ 3 to tH/ 2
Piston rings
Radial thickness of the piston rings

Axial thickness of the piston rings

t2 = 0.7 t1 to t1
Piston skirt
Maximum side thrust on the cylinder due to gas pressure

Side thrust due to bearing pressure on the piston barrel

R = pb × D × l
Piston pin
Load on the pin due to bearing pressure = Bearing pressure × Bearing area = Pb1 × d0 × l1
Maximum load on the piston due to gas pressure or maximum gas load

Inside diameter of the pin (di) is usually taken as 0.6 d0.

Maximum bending moment at the centre of the pin,

If the induced bending stress in the pin is less than the permissible value then the dimensions
for the pin as calculated above are satisfactory.