List of macOS versions and the software they run

Operating system Safari Mail QuickTime iTunes Messages/iChat iWork

10.13 "High Sierra" 11.0 11.0 10.4 12.7 11.0 2017

10.12 "Sierra" 10.0

10.11 "El Capitan" 9.3 9.2 2016

10.10 "Yosemite" 9.1.3 8.0 2014

10.9 "Mavericks" 7.3 10.3 12.6.2 2013

10.8 "Mountain Lion" 6.1 ? 10.2 12.4.3[73] '09

10.7 "Lion" [note 1] 10.1 12.2.2[74] 8.0b or 6.0.1

10.6 "Snow Leopard" 5.1.10[75] 4.5[76] 11.4[77] 5.0

10.5 "Leopard" 5.0.6 3.6 7.7 10.6.3[78] 4.0

10.4 "Tiger" 4.1.3 2.1.3 7.6.4 9.2.1[79] 3.0

10.3 "Panther" 1.3.2 1.x 7.5 7.7.1[80] 2.1[81] '05

10.2 "Jaguar" [note 2] 1.0.3 6.5.3 6.0.5 2.0 Keynote

10.1 "Puma" N/A 6.3.1 4.7.1 N/A N/A

10.0 "Cheetah" [note 3] 5.0 2.0.4

Android versions.

Version Initial release API Security

Code name
number date level patches[1]

September 23,
(No codename)[2] 1.0 1 Unsupported
2008

(Internally known as "Petit

1.1 February 9, 2009 2 Unsupported
Four")[2]

Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009 3 Unsupported

 Version Initial release API Security
Code name
number date level patches[1]

September 15,
Donut[3] 1.6 4 Unsupported
2009

Eclair[4] 2.0 – 2.1 October 26, 2009 5–7 Unsupported

Froyo[5] 2.2 – 2.2.3 May 20, 2010 8 Unsupported

December 6,
Gingerbread[6] 2.3 – 2.3.7 9 – 10 Unsupported
2010

February 22,
Honeycomb[7] 3.0 – 3.2.6 11 – 13 Unsupported
2011

Ice Cream Sandwich[8] 4.0 – 4.0.4 October 18, 2011 14 – 15 Unsupported

Jelly Bean[9] 4.1 – 4.3.1 July 9, 2012 16 – 18 Unsupported

KitKat[10] 4.4 – 4.4.4 October 31, 2013 19 – 20 Unsupported[11]

November 12,
Lollipop[12] 5.0 – 5.1.1 21 – 22 Supported
2014

Marshmallow[13] 6.0 – 6.0.1 October 5, 2015 23 Supported

Nougat[14] 7.0 – 7.1.2 August 22, 2016 24 – 25 Supported

Oreo[15] 8.0 – 8.1 August 21, 2017 26 – 27 Supported

Word Shortcuts

Shortcut Description

Ctrl+0 Toggles 6pts of spacing before a paragraph.

Ctrl+A Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl+B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl+C Copy selected text.
Ctrl+D Open the font preferences window.
Ctrl+E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
Ctrl+F Open find box.
Ctrl+I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl+J Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen.
Ctrl+K Insert a hyperlink.
Ctrl+L Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
Ctrl+M Indent the paragraph.
Ctrl+N Opens new, blank document window.
Ctrl+O Opens the dialog box or page for selecting a file to open.
Ctrl+P Open the print window.
Ctrl+R Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
Ctrl+S Save the open document. Just like Shift+F12.
Ctrl+T Create a hanging indent.
Ctrl+U Underline the selected text.
Ctrl+V Paste.
Ctrl+W Close the currently open document.
Ctrl+X Cut selected text.
Ctrl+Y Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl+Z Undo last action.
Ctrl+Shift+L Quickly create a bullet point.
Ctrl+Shift+F Change the font.
Ctrl+Shift+> Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increase font +2pts.
Ctrl+] Increase selected font +1pts.
Ctrl+Shift+< Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower; if above 12, decreases
font by +2pt.
Ctrl+[ Decrease selected font -1pts.
Ctrl+/+c Insert a cent sign (¢).
Ctrl+'+<char> Insert a character with an accent (grave) mark, where <char> is the
character you want. For example, if you wanted an accented è you
would use Ctrl+'+eas your shortcut key. To reverse the accent mark
use the opposite accent mark, often on the tilde key.
Ctrl+Shift+* View or hide non printing characters.
Ctrl+<left Moves one word to the left.
arrow>
Ctrl+<right Moves one word to the right.
arrow>
Ctrl+<up arrow> Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Ctrl+<down Moves to the end of the paragraph.
arrow>
Ctrl+Del Deletes word to right of cursor.
Ctrl+Backspace Deletes word to left of cursor.
Ctrl+End Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
Ctrl+Home Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.
Ctrl+Spacebar Reset highlighted text to the default font.
Ctrl+1 Single-space lines.
Ctrl+2 Double-space lines.
Ctrl+5 1.5-line spacing.
Ctrl+Alt+1 Changes text to heading 1.
Ctrl+Alt+2 Changes text to heading 2.
Ctrl+Alt+3 Changes text to heading 3.
Alt+Ctrl+F2 Open new document.
Ctrl+F1 Open the Task Pane.
Ctrl+F2 Display the print preview.
Ctrl+Shift+> Increases the selected text size by one font size.
Ctrl+Shift+< Decreases the selected text size by one font size.
Ctrl+Shift+F6 Switches to another open Microsoft Word document.
Ctrl+Shift+F12 Prints the document.
F1 Open Help.
F4 Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
F5 Open the Find, Replace, and Go To window in Microsoft Word.
F7 Spellcheck and grammar check selected text or document.
F12 Save As.
Shift+F3 Change the text in Microsoft Word from uppercase to lowercase or a
capital letter at the beginning of every word.
Shift+F7 Runs a Thesaurus check on the selected word.
Shift+F12 Save the open document. Just like Ctrl+S.
Shift+Enter Create a soft break instead of a new paragraph.
Shift+Insert Paste.
Shift+Alt+D Insert the current date.
Shift+Alt+T Insert the current time.
You can also utilize the mouse to perform some common actions. The
following section contains examples of mouse shortcuts.
Mouse
Description
shortcuts

Click, hold, and Selects text from where you click and hold to the point you drag and let
drag go.
Double-click If double-clicking a word, selects the complete word.
Double-click Double-clicking on the left, center, or right of a blank line makes the
alignment of the text left, center, or right aligned.
Double-click Double-clicking anywhere after text on a line will set a tab stop.
Triple-click Selects the line or paragraph of the text that the mouse triple-clicked on.
Ctrl+Mouse Zooms in and out of document.
wheel

Windows 7 Paint Keyboard Shortcuts

Ctrl+N Create a new picture
Ctrl+O Open an existing picture
Ctrl+S Save changes to a picture
F12 Save the picture as a new file
Ctrl+P Print a picture
Alt+F4 Close a picture and its Paint window
Ctrl+Z Undo a change
Ctrl+Y Redo a change
Ctrl+A Select the entire picture
Ctrl+X Cut a selection
Ctrl+C Copy a selection to the Clipboard
Ctrl+V Paste a selection from the Clipboard
Right Arrow Move the selection or active shape right by one pixel
Left Arrow Move the selection or active shape left by one pixel
Down Arrow Move the selection or active shape down by one pixel
Up Arrow Move the selection or active shape up by one pixel
Esc Cancel a selection
Delete Delete a selection
Ctrl+B Bold selected text
Ctrl++ Increase the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel
Ctrl+- Decrease the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel
Ctrl+I Italicize selected text
Ctrl+U Underline selected text
Ctrl+E Open the Properties dialog box
Ctrl+W Open the Resize and Skew dialog box
Ctrl+Page Up Zoom in
Ctrl+Page Down Zoom out
F11 View a picture in full-screen mode
Ctrl+R Show or hide the ruler
Ctrl+G Show or hide gridlines
F10 or Alt Display keytips
Shift+F10 Show the current shortcut menu
F1 Open Paint Help
1.1.1 Paint keyboard shortcuts

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Paint.

Press this key To do this

Ctrl + N Create a new picture

Ctrl + O Open an existing picture

Ctrl + S Save changes to a picture

F12 Save the picture as a new file

Ctrl + P Print a picture

Alt + F4 Close a picture and its Paint window

Ctrl + Z Undo a change

Ctrl + Y Redo a change

Ctrl + A Select the entire picture

Ctrl + X Cut a selection

Ctrl + C Copy a selection to the Clipboard

Ctrl + V Paste a selection from the Clipboard

Right Arrow Move the selection or active shape right by one pixel

Left Arrow Move the selection or active shape left by one pixel

Down Arrow Move the selection or active shape down by one pixel

Up Arrow Move the selection or active shape up by one pixel

Esc Cancel a selection

Delete Delete a selection

Ctrl + B Bold selected text

Ctrl + + Increase the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel

Ctrl + - Decrease the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel

Ctrl + U Underline selected text

Ctrl + E Open the Properties dialog box

Ctrl + W Open the Resize and Skew dialog box

Ctrl + Page Up Zoom in

Ctrl + Page Down Zoom out

 F11 View a picture in full-screen mode

Ctrl + R Show or hide the ruler

Ctrl + G Show or hide gridlines

F10 or Alt Display keytips

Shift + F10 Show the current shortcut menu

F1 Open Paint Help

1.1.2 General keyboard shortcuts

The following table contains general keyboard shortcuts.

Press this key To do this

F1 Display Help

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert) Copy the selected item

Ctrl + X Cut the selected item

Ctrl + V (or Shift + Paste the selected item

Insert)

Ctrl + Z Undo an action

Ctrl + Y Redo an action

Delete (or Ctrl + D) Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin

Shift + Delete Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle
Bin first

F2 Rename the selected item

Ctrl + Right Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word

Ctrl + Left Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word

Ctrl + Down Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph

Ctrl + Up Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph

Ctrl + Shift with an Select a block of text

arrow key

Shift with any arrow key Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop,
or select text within a document

Ctrl with any arrow key Select multiple individual items in a window or on the
+ Spacebar desktop

Ctrl + A Select all items in a document or window

F3 Search for a file or folder

Alt + Enter Display properties for the selected item

Alt + F4 Close the active item, or exit the active program

Alt + Spacebar Open the shortcut menu for the active window

Ctrl + F4 Close the active document (in programs that allow you to
have multiple documents open simultaneously)

Alt + Tab Switch between open items

Ctrl + Alt + Tab Use the arrow keys to switch between open items

Ctrl + Mouse scroll Change the size of icons on the desktop

wheel

Windows logo key Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip
3-D

+ Tab

Ctrl+Windows logo key Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the
taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D

+ Tab

Alt + Esc Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened

F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the

desktop
F4 Display the address bar list in Windows Explorer

Shift + F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item

Ctrl + Esc Open the Start menu

Alt + underlined letter Display the corresponding menu

Alt + underlined letter Perform the menu command (or other underlined
command)

F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program

Right Arrow Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu

Left Arrow Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu

F5 (or Ctrl + R) Refresh the active window

Alt + Up Arrow View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer

Esc Cancel the current task

Ctrl + Shift + Esc Open Task Manager

Shift when you insert a Prevent the CD from automatically playing

CD
 Left Alt + Shift Switch the input language when multiple input languages
are enabled

Ctrl+Shift Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts

are enabled

Right or Left Ctrl + Shift Change the reading direction of text in right-to-left reading
languages

1.1.3 Windows logo key keyboard shortcuts

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts that use the Windows logo key

Press this key To do this

Windows logo key Open or close the Start menu.

Windows logo key Display the System Properties dialog box.

+ Pause

Windows logo key Display the desktop.

+D
Windows logo key Minimize all windows.

+M

Windows logo key Restore minimized windows to the desktop.

+ Shift + M

Windows logo key Open Computer.

+E

Windows logo key Search for computers (if you're on a network).

+F

Windows logo key Lock your computer or switch users.

+L

Windows logo key Open the Run dialog box.

+R

Windows logo key Cycle through programs on the taskbar.

+T
Windows logo key Start the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated
by the number. If the program is already running, switch to that
program.
+ number

Shift+Windows Start a new instance of the program pinned to the taskbar in the
logo key position indicated by the number.

+ number

Ctrl+Windows Switch to the last active window of the program pinned to the
logo key taskbar in the position indicated by the number.

+ number

Alt+Windows logo Open the Jump List for the program pinned to the taskbar in the
key position indicated by the number.

+ number

Windows logo key Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D.

+ Tab

Ctrl+Windows Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by
logo key using Aero Flip 3-D.

+ Tab
Ctrl+Windows Switch to the program that displayed a message in the
logo key notification area.

+B

Windows logo key Preview the desktop.

+ Spacebar

Windows logo key Maximize the window.

+ Up Arrow

Windows logo key Maximize the window to the left side of the screen.

+ Left Arrow

Windows logo key Maximize the window to the right side of the screen.

+ Right Arrow

Windows logo key Minimize the window.

+ Down Arrow

Windows logo key Minimize all but the active window.

+ Home

Windows logo key Stretch the window to the top and bottom of the screen.

+ Shift + Up
Arrow

Windows logo key Move a window from one monitor to another.

+ Shift + Left
Arrow or Right
Arrow

Windows logo key Choose a presentation display mode.

+P

Windows logo key Cycle through gadgets.

+G

Windows logo key Open Ease of Access Center.

+U

Windows logo key Open Windows Mobility Center.

+X
1.1.4 Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts

Press this key To do this

Ctrl + N Open a new window

Ctrl + W Close the current window

Ctrl + Shift + N Create a new folder

End Display the bottom of the active window

Home Display the top of the active window

F11 Maximize or minimize the active window

Ctrl + Period (.) Rotate a picture clockwise

Ctrl + Comma (,) Rotate a picture counter-clockwise

Num Lock + Asterisk (*) on Display all subfolders under the selected folder
numeric keypad

Num Lock + Plus Sign (+) on Display the contents of the selected folder
numeric keypad
Num Lock + Minus Sign (-) on Collapse the selected folder
numeric keypad

Left Arrow Collapse the current selection (if it's expanded), or

select the parent folder

Alt + Enter Open the Properties dialog box for the selected
item

Alt + P Display the preview pane

Alt + Left Arrow View the previous folder

Backspace View the previous folder

Right Arrow Display the current selection (if it's collapsed), or

select the first subfolder

Alt + Right Arrow View the next folder

Alt + Up Arrow View the parent folder

Ctrl + Shift + E Display all folders above the selected folder

Ctrl + Mouse scroll wheel Change the size and appearance of file and folder
icons

Alt + D Select the address bar

Ctrl + E Select the search box

Ctrl + F Select the search box