Fall17_Experiment#8

Institute of Space
Institute Technology
of Space Technology
Avionics
Avionics Department
Department

Electro Mechanical Experiment #8

Fall 2017
System Lab Voltage Regulation of Synchronous Generator

OBJECTIVES:

 To learn about the voltage regulation characteristics of the synchronous generator using
the Synchronous Motor / Generator module.

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EQUIPMENT:

Description Module No. Quantity

EMS Workstation EMS 8134 1

Three phase power supply EMS 8821 1
Three Phase Synchronous EMS 8241 1
Motor/Generator
Resistive Load EMS 8311 1
Capacitive Load EMS 8331 1
Inductive Load EMS 8321 1
Prime Mover/ Dynamometer Module EMS 8960-1 1
Data Acquisition Module EMS 9061 1
Timing Belt 8942 1
Connecting Leads Set 8941 1

Table 1

DISCUSSION

Figure 1 shows the simplified equivalent circuit for one phase of a three-phase synchronous
generator. To represent a complete three-phase synchronous generator, three circuits like the one
shown in Figure 1 would be used. The voltage EMF in the simplified circuit of the synchronous
generator depends on the rotation speed as well as the strength of the electromagnet.
Furthermore, there is a resistor (RS) in the simplified circuit of the synchronous generator that
represents the resistance of the stator coil conductors. There is also an additional
element in the simplified circuit of the synchronous generator, reactance X S, which represents the
inductive reactance of the stator coil conductors. Reactance XS is known as the synchronous

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reactance of the synchronous generator and its value, expressed in ohms, is usually much greater
than that of resistor RS.

Figure 1. Simplified Equivalent Circuit for One Phase of a Three-Phase Synchronous Generator.

Figure 2 shows voltage regulation characteristics (curves of the output voltage EO versus the
output current IO) of a synchronous generator for resistive, inductive, and capacitive loads. These
characteristics are very similar to those obtained with a single-phase transformer.

Figure 2. Voltage Regulation Characteristics of a Synchronous Generator.

Procedure

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In the first part of the exercise, you will set up the equipment in the Workstation, connect the
equipment as shown in Figure 3, and make the appropriate settings on the equipment.

In the second part of the exercise, you will set the speed of rotation and the field current of the
synchronous generator. You will vary the value of the resistive load connected to the generator
by steps while maintaining a constant speed. For each load value, you will record the
synchronous generator output voltage, output current, field current, and speed. You will use the
recorded data to plot a graph of the output voltage versus output current. You will then repeat this
part of the exercise twice using an inductive load and a capacitive load.

1. Install the equipment required in the EMS workstation. Mechanically couple the prime
mover / dynamometer module to the Synchronous Motor / Generator.

2. On the Power Supply, make sure the main power switch is set to the O (off) position,
and the voltage control knob is turned fully counterclockwise. Ensure the Power Supply
is connected to a three-phase power source.

3. Ensure that the data acquisition module is connected to a USB of the computer. Connect
the POWER INPUT of the data acquisition module to the 24 V – AC output of the
Power Supply.

Note: If you are using the Prime Mover / Dynamometer, Model 8960-1, connect its LOW
POWER INPUT to the 24 V - AC output of the Power Supply. On the Power Supply, set the 24
V - AC power switch to the I (on) position.

Note: If you are using the Four-Quadrant Dynamometer / Power Supply, Model 8960-2, turn it
on by setting its POWER INPUT switch to the I (on) position.
4. Start the Metering application.

In the Metering window, open setup configuration file ACMOTOR1.DAI then select meter
layout 2.

5. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3.

On the Synchronous Motor / Generator, set the EXCITER switch to the I (closed) position and
the EXCITER knob to the mid position.

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Figure 3. Synchronous Generator Under Load Coupled to a Prime Mover.

6. Set the Four-Quadrant Dynamometer / Power Supply or the Prime Mover/

Dynamometer to operate as a prime mover.Voltage Regulation Characteristics

Note: If you are performing the exercise using LVSIM®-EMS, you can zoom in the Prime
Mover / Dynamometer module before setting the controls in order to see additional front panel
markings related to these controls.

7. Turn the Power Supply on. Set the prime mover speed (indicated by the Speed meter in
the Metering window) so that it is equal to the nominal speed of the Synchronous Motor
/ Generator.

Note: The rating of any of the Lab-Volt machines is indicated in the lower left corner of the
module front panel. If you are performing the exercise using LVSIM®-EMS, you can obtain the
rating of any machine by leaving the mouse pointer on the rotor of the machine of interest. Pop-
up help indicating the machine rating will appear after a few seconds.

8. On the Synchronous Motor / Generator, set the EXCITER knob so that the line-to-line
output voltage Eo of the synchronous generator (indicated by meter E line 1 in the
Metering window) is equal to the nominal value.

Record the synchronous generator output voltage EO, output current IO, field current IF, and speed
n in the Data Table. These parameters are indicated by meters E line 1, I line 1, I field (IF), and
Speed, respectively.

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9. Modify the settings on the Resistive Load module so that the resistance of resistors R1,
R2, and R3 decreases by steps as indicated in Table 6-4.

For each resistance setting, readjust the prime mover speed so that it remains equal to the nominal
speed of the Synchronous Motor / Generator, then record the data in the Data Table.

Table 2. Decreasing the Resistance of R1, R2, and R3 to Load the Synchronous Generator.

10. When all data has been recorded, set the prime mover speed to 0, then turn the Power
Supply off.

11. In the Data Table window, confirm that the data has been stored, entitle the data table as
DT621, and print the data table.

Note: Refer to the user guide dealing with the Lab-Volt computer based instruments for EMS to
know how to edit, entitle, and print a data table.

12. In the Graph window, make the appropriate settings to obtain a graph of the synchronous
generator output voltage EO (obtained from meter E line 1) as a function of the output
current IO (obtained from meter I line 1). Entitle the graph as G621, name the x-axis as
Synchronous Generator Output Current, name the y-axis as Synchronous Generator
Output Voltage, and print the graph
.
Observe graph G621, which shows the voltage regulation characteristic of the synchronous
generator when it supplies power to a resistive load.

How does the output voltage EO vary when the output current IO increases? Briefly explain
why.

______________________________________________________________________________

In the Data Table window, clear the recorded data.

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13. Replace the three-phase resistive load connected to the synchronous generator output
(points A, B, and C in Figure 3) with the three-phase inductive load shown in Figure 4
(a). Make sure that all switches on the Inductive Load module are opened.

Figure 4. Three-Phase Inductive and Capacitive Loads.

14. Turn the Power Supply on and set the prime mover speed so that it rotates at the
nominal speed of the Synchronous Motor / Generator.

On the Synchronous Motor / Generator, set the EXCITER knob so that the line-to-line output
voltage EO of the synchronous generator is equal to the nominal value.

Record the synchronous generator output voltage EO, output current IO, field current IF, and speed
n in the Data Table. These parameters are indicated by meters E line 1, I line 1, I field (IF), and
Speed, respectively.

15. Modify the settings on the load module so that the reactance X of the load decreases by
steps as indicated in Table 3. For each reactance setting, readjust the prime mover speed
so that it remains equal to the nominal speed of the Synchronous Motor / Generator, then
record the data in the Data Table.

Table 3. Decreasing reactances X1, X2, and X3 to Load the Synchronous Generator.

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16. When all data has been recorded, set the prime mover speed to 0, then turn the Power
Supply off.

17. In the Data Table window, confirm that the data has been stored, entitle the data table as
DT622, and print the data table.

18. In the Graph window, make the appropriate settings to obtain a graph of the synchronous
generator output voltage EO (obtained from meter E line 1) as a function of the output
current IO (obtained from meter I line 1). Entitle the graph as G622, name the x-axis as
Synchronous Generator Output Current, name the y-axis as Synchronous Generator
Output Voltage, and print the graph.

19. Observe graph G622, which shows the voltage regulation characteristic of the
synchronous generator when it supplies power to an inductive load.

How does the output voltage EO vary when the output current IO increases?

______________________________________________________________________________

Compare the voltage regulation characteristics obtained with the resistive load and the
inductive load.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

In the Data Table window, clear the recorded data.

20. Replace the three-phase inductive load connected to the synchronous generator output
(points A, B, and C in Figure 3) with the three-phase capacitive load shown in Figure 4
(b). Make sure that all switches on the Capacitive Load module are opened.

21. Repeat steps 14 to 18 of this exercise to obtain a graph of the output voltage EO versus
the output current IO for the synchronous generator supplying power to a capacitive
load. Entitle the data table and graph as DT623 and G623, respectively.

Observe graph G623, which shows the voltage regulation characteristic ofthe synchronous
generator when it supplies power to a capacitive load.

How does the output voltage EO vary when the output current IO increases?

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____________________________________________________________________________

22. On the Power Supply, set the 24 V - AC power switch to the O (off) position.

Note: If you are using the Four-Quadrant Dynamometer / Power Supply, Model 8960-2, turn it
off by setting its POWER INPUT switch to the O (off) position.

Remove all leads and cables.Voltage

CONCLUSION

In this exercise, you obtained the voltage regulation characteristics of a three-phase synchronous
generator. You observed that the output voltage decreases as the output current increases when
the synchronous generator supplies power to either a resistive or inductive load. You saw that the
output voltage increases as the output current increases when the synchronous generator supplies
power to a capacitive load.