It’s the first time Frank has driven a car.

never Frank …………………………… a car before.

(has never driven)

It was such a good film that I’m going to see it again tonight.
so The film …………………..I’m going to see it again tonight.
(was so good that)

It was such an expensive book that I couldn’t buy it.

too The book …………………….. to buy.
(was too expensive)

The last time I rode a bicycle was two years ago.

ridden I ………………………for two years.
(have not ridden a bicycle)

“Could you go to the bank?” he said to me.

asked He …………................... to the bank.
(asked me if I could go)

“No, I won’t tell him,” he said.

refused He ……………………….. him.
(he refused to tell)

“Did you enjoy yourself at the party?” he said.

if He asked me ………………….at the party.
(if I had enjoyed myself)

“Would you like me to open the door for you?” he asked.

offered He …………………………. the door for me.
(offered to open)

“I’ll wash the dishes later,” she said.

promised She …………………………..the dishes later.
(promised to wash)

“Don’t touch the wet paint,” he said to them.

warned He ………………………..the wet paint.
(warned them not to touch)

“Where did you put my jacket?” she said to me.

had She asked me ………………….jacket.
(where I had put her)

“Stop fighting or I’ll take you to the headmaster,” the teacher said to them.
threatened The teacher ………………….to the headmaster.
(threatened to take them)

“You should exercise regularly,” the doctor said to him.

advised The doctor …………………..regularly.
(advised him to exercise)
“No, I didn’t read your diary,” Chris said.
denied Chris ……………………….my diary.
(denied reading)

“Don’t forget to pay this bill”, she said to Tom.

reminded She ...................................the bill.
(reminded Tom to pay)

It’s a waste of time for you to ask him for advice.

point There is ………………………………... him for advice.
(no point on asking)

My cousin was forty when he learned to ride a bicycle.

age My cousin learned to ride a bicycle ………………forty.
(at the age of)

The invention proved to be a failure.

turned The invention …….. ………………………….. a failure.
(turned out to be)

She thought I was the salesperson.

mistook She …………………………………….... the salesperson.
(mistook me for)

The drinks machine has stopped working again.

order The drinks machine ………………………………. again.
(is out of order)

I am tired of my friends treating me badly.

treated I am tired of ………………………………….. my friends.
(being treated badly by)

People say swimming is a very good form of exercise.

supposed Swimming ……………….. .a very good form of exercise.
(is supposed to be)

They took a map with them because they didn’t want to get lost.
avoid They took a map with them ………………………… lost.
(to avoid getting)

Christopher is the best basketball player of all.

plays Christopher ………………………………… anyone else.
(plays basketball better than)

I am sure Kevin didn’t do anything wrong.

have Kevin …………………………………….anything wrong.
(can’t have done)

This island has a large population.

people There .......................................................... on this island
(are a lot of people)
Do you own these things?
your Are .................................................................... belongings?
(these your)

The weather was good on our holiday.

had We........................................................on our holiday.
(had good weather)

There were a lot of cars on the road to Manchester.

traffic There ................................................ on the road to Manchester
(was a lot of/lots of traffic)

Gerry is a very strong person, in my opinion.

strength Gerry ............................................................. in my opinion.
(has great strength)

There are pieces of paper all over the floor!

litter There ........................................................... all over the floor.
(is litter)

Can I park my car here?

allowed Is ............................................................................... here?
(parking allowed)

I know these machines are very expensive.

machinery I know ........................................................... very expensive
(this machinery is)

My brother is too young to get married.

not My brother ………. get married.
(is not old enough to)

I don't object to people smoking in public.

objection I ……….. people smoking in public.
(haven’t got any objection to)

Johann speaks English much better than Valentina.

well Valentina doesn’t ………… Johann
(speak English as well as)

Maria didn't listen to her teacher’s advice.

pay Maria didn't ………….. her teacher’s advice
(pay any attention to)

I got the impression that they weren't having a very good time.
seem They ………….. having a very good time.
(seemed like they weren't)

Susan was too excited to sleep.

so Susan was ………… not sleep.
(so excited that she could)
I haven't received an invite from Karen yet.
still Karen …………. an invite
(still hasn’t sent)

How long was the flight from London to Paris?

take How long …………………… fly from London to Paris?
(will it take to)

The car had almost stopped when it hit the wall.

The car …………………………. when it hit the wall. hardly
(was hardly moving)

Despite having several broken bones, John was able to compete in the race.
John was able to compete in the race ……………….several broken bones. though
(even though he had)

My grandfather is one of the last people alive who fought in the war.
Other than my grandfather there……………………..who fought in the war. very
(are very few people alive)

That car was too expensive for us to buy.

We would have bought that car ……………………… so expensive. not
(if it had not been)

'Don't do that again, or you'll be in trouble!' said the teacher.

The students ……………………..do that again. warned
(were warned not to)

I can't believe this is the best hotel in the city!

There must be ………………………. one in the city. hotels
(better hotels than this)

Course fees must be paid in full before the course begins.

Students ……………………. before the course begins. all
(must pay all course fees)

I haven't been to Oxford for at least ten years.

The last time ………………… at least ten years ago. went
(I went to Oxford was)

My parents are both the same age.

My mother…………………….my father.as
(is the same age as)

Learning French is a waste of time because the language is not widely spoken.
There's……………because the language is not widely spoken.point
(no point learning French)
Can you understand what this paper means?
sense
Can you …………………………… this paper?
(make sense of)

It wasn’t necessary to meet me at the airport yesterday.

needn’t
You ……………………… me at the airport yesterday.
(needn’t have met)

It was unkind of you to talk to her like that.

not
You ………. … to her like that.
(should not have talked)

I saw the film although I strongly dislike thrillers.

spite
I saw the film in ………….. … of thrillers.
(spite of my strong dislike)

It’s not possible to play tennis because of the rain.

makes
The rain ……………………… …. to play tennis.
(makes it impossible)

I’ve never tasted such good food before.

ever
It is the ………….. tasted.
(best food I’ve ever)

Do your parents allow you to watch TV late at night?

let
Do your parents ……………… …. TV late at night?
(let you watch)

”Did you write a note for Anna?” I asked my mother.

she
I asked my mother …………. …. a note for Anna.
(whether/if she had written)

He gave me the money first, and then he left.

after
He left …………………… ….. the money.
(after he had given me/after giving me)

I don’t find it difficult to get up early any more.

used
I …………….. …. up early.
(am used to getting)
 I’d prefer you not to wear jeans to the office.
rather
I’d __________________________________________ wear jeans to the office.
(rather you didn’t)

We won’t get there on time without taking a taxi.

unless
We won’t get there on time ____________________________________ a taxi.
(unless we take)

‘I wouldn’t go swimming after dark if I were you, Tom.’

advised
Brian _________________________________________ swimming after dark.
(advised Tom not to go)

Although she had twisted her ankle, Sally still won the race.
twisting
Sally still won the race, ____________________________________ her ankle.
(despite twisting)

Mike enjoys playing golf more than I do.

as
I don’t enjoy playing golf ______________________________________ does.
(as much as Mike)

I regret selling my car.

wish
I ________________________________________________________ my car.
(wish I hadn’t sold)

Nobody has cut the lawn for weeks!

hasn’t
The lawn _______________________________________________ for weeks.
(hasn’t been cut)

It was the best meal I had ever eaten.

never
I ______________________________________________ a good meal before.
(had never eaten such)

Have you got a smaller size than this?

the
Is __________________________________________________ you have got?
(this the smallest size)

A friend is looking after my cat while I’m away.

care
A friend _____________________________________ my cat while I’m away.
(is taking care of)
I don’t play tennis as well as you do.
better
You _________________________________________________________ do.
(play tennis better than I)

You ought to have your house painted.

be
Your house _______________________________________________ painted.
(ought to be)

The last time I saw Melanie was before she got her new job.
since
I ______________________________________________ she got her new job.
(haven’t seen Melanie since)

The film was so funny that I burst out laughing.

a
It was ______________________________________ that I burst out laughing.
(such a funny film)

I’ve never flown in a helicopter before.

first
This is ________________________________________ flown in a helicopter.
(the first time (that) I’ve)

‘You stole the money, Joe, didn’t you!’ said the inspector.
accused
The inspector ___________________________________________ the money.
(accused Joe of stealing)

It is essential that this letter is posted today.

must
This letter __________________________________________________ today.
(must be posted)

‘Is the train on time?’ asked one of the people waiting.

whether
One of the people waiting wanted to ___________________________ on time.
(know whether the train was)

My advice is to inform the police.

better
I think ___________________________________________ inform the police.
(you’d better)

They believe a single gunman carried out the attack.

believed
A single gunman ________________________________ carried out the attack.
(is believed to have)
A year ago we hadn’t even met!
last
This ______________________________________________ hadn’t even met!
(time last year we)

Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

for
If it ________________________________ , I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
(hadn’t been for you/your help)

Nobody knows anything about the whereabouts of the President.

about
Nothing ______________________________ the whereabouts of the President.
(is known about)

My teachers made me work hard at school.

was
I ___________________________________________________ hard at school.
(was made to work)

‘I’m awfully sorry, Carol, but I’ve broken your watch,’ said Jim.
to
Jim ____________________________________________________ her watch.
(apologized to Carol for breaking)

Please see that you close the door when you go.
open
Please don’t __________________________________________ when you go.
(leave the door open)

Unless we leave now, we’ll miss the start of the film.

if
We’ll miss the start of the film __________________________________ now.
(if we don’t leave)

Do you own these two cars?

belong
Do _________________________________________________________ you?
(these two cars belong to)

Business hasn’t been so bad for a long time.

has
Rarely ________________________________________________ been so bad.
(has business)

I won’t sell the painting, no matter how much you offer me.
price
Whatever __________________________________ the painting, I won’t sell it.
(price you offer me for)
The cat is sitting at the window. It belongs to my aunt.
which
The cat ……………window belongs to my aunt.
(which is sitting at the)

Tim is Lucy´s brother; he loves basketball.

who
Tim, ………………, is Lucy´s brother.
(who loves basketball)

Ann is very upset; her car was stolen.

whose
Ann, ………….., is very upset.
(whose car was stolen)

The village is very nice. It is close to the forest.

which
The village ………….the forest is very nice.
(which is close to)

The woman arrived yesterday; she is the new manager.

who
The woman……………… is the new manager.
(who arrived yesterday)

The chair is very old; its legs are broken.

whose
The chair …………..is very old.
(whose legs are broken)

1970 was the yaer when my sister was born

which
1970 ……………my sister was born.
(was the year in which)

He has never swum in a swimming pool before.

first
It is the ………….in a swimming pool.
(first time he has swum)

I started taking driving lessons three weeks ago.

have
I ……………………….driving lessons for three weeks.
(have been taking)

How long ago did she get married?

since
How long ……………married?
(is it since she got)
They have not decorated the house yet.
still
They ………….the house.
(still have not decorated)

They last played tennis two weeks ago.

for
They …………….two weeks.
(have not played for)

Tom has not visited his parents for weeks.

visited
The last time …………weeks ago.
(Tom visited his parents was)

When did you come back?

came
How long ………….back?
(is it since you came)

It is prohibited to enter this area.

must
You …………….this area.
(must not enter)

The film lasted for two hours. The concert lasted for one and half hours.
longer
The film ……………..a concert.
(lasted longer than)

Lee and Tim run equally fast.

as
Tim runs ……………….Lee.
(as fast as)

It is forbidden to park here.

not
You ………….here.
(must not park)

Why do not you look for another job?

would
If I ……………..for another job.
(were you, I would look)

He won´t get a promotion if he does not work hard.

works
He will not get ……………..hard.
(a promotion unless he works)

I advise you to give up smoking.

should
You ……………..smoking.
(should give up)

You can not drive if you do not pass your driving test.
unless
You can not drive ……………..your driving test.
(unless you pass)

I met a friend of mine by chance while I was in Rome.

ran
I ………………of mine while I was in Rome.
(ran into a friend)

When did you move into your new flat?

moved
How long …………….into your new flat?
(is it since you moved)

I last saw William a month ago.

seen
I ……………a month.
(have not seen William for)

The Mayor is opening the new sports centre at 11 am tomorrow.

being
The new sports centre ……………the Mayor at 11 am tomorrow.
(is being opened by)

Who delivered the shopping?

delivered
Who ……………by?
(was the shopping delivered)

They found the shipwreck off the coast of Cornwall.

was
The shipwreck …………coast of Cornwall.
(was found off the)

She was in pain, yet she still finished the race.

being
Despite………….., she still finished the race.
(being in pain)

Despite having three jackets she refused to lend me one.

had
Although ……….she refused to lend me one.
(she had three jackets)

Even though the film was long, it was enjoyable.

but
The film ………….enjoyable.
(was long but)

Even though it is sunny, it is cold outside.

yet
It is ………….outside.
(sunny, yet it is cold)

I am sorry I did not lock the door.

wish
I ………….the door.
(wish I had locked)

You should not buy a car.

were
If I …………..buy a car.
(were you, I would not)

I want to be at home.
wish
I ……….at home.
(wish I was/were)

Do not touch the iron or you will burn yourself.

will
If you ……………..burn yourself.
(touch the iron, you will)

I would like to have a pet.

wish
I ………..a pet.
(wish I had)

I think Ray should see a doctor.

were
If …………see a doctor.
(I were Ray, I would)

Could you pass me the pepper?

mind
Would …………the pepper?
(you mind passing (me))

Mum made me clean my room.

was
I ……….my room.
(was made to clean)

What about going to a Chinese restaurant tonight?

fancy
Do ………….to a Chinese restaurant tonight?
(you fancy going)

It was difficult for him to speak French.

difficulty
He ……………French.
(had difficulty (in) speaking)

It was such a delicious cake that she ate three pieces.

so
The cake …………….. ate three pieces.
(was so delicious that she)

“Have you fed up the baby?” she asked me.

had
She asked …………..the baby.
(me if I had fed)

I last visited Peter two weeks ago.

have
I …………..two weeks.
(have not visited Peter for)

People expect he will run for president.

expected
He ………….for president.
(is expected to run)

When did you sell your old car?

since
How long …………your old car?
(is it since you sold)

The coffee was so hot that I could not drink it.

too
The coffee was ………..drink.
(too hot to)

Linda was very tired so she went straight to bed.

so
Linda ………….she went straight to sleep.
(was so tired that)

He is too young to enter the competition.

not
He …………enter the competition.
(is not old enough to)

The shelf is so high that I can not reach it.

too
The shelf ………..to reach.
(is so high for me)
No one likes Paul because he is rude.
so
Paul ………….no one likes him.
(is so rude that)

It is the first time she has driven a car.

never
She …………a car before.
(has never driven)

Mark is a doctor. He works at the local hospital.

who
Mark ……….at the local hospital.
(is a doctor who works)

The book was so boring that I fell asleep.

such
It was …………..I fell asleep.
(such a boring book that)

If you do not feel better, we will not go out.

unless
We will not go out …………better.
(unless you feel)

“Have you been to Paris?” she asked me.

if
She asked ………..to Paris.
(me if I had been)

I am sorry I did not go to the party.

wish
I ………..to the party.
(wish I had gone)

The flight was cancelled because of the snowstorm.

due
The flight ………….the snowstorm.
(was cancelled due to)

The Crown Hotel is more luxurious than the Star Hotel.

less
The Star Hotel ………the Crown Hotel.
(is less luxurious than)

Emily is friendlier than Annette.

as
Annette ………….Emily.
(is not as friendly as)
Mary is the smartest student of all.
as
No other student ………….Mary.
(is as smart as)

This painting coasts less than all the others in the art gallery.
least
This painting ………..of all in the art gallery.
(is the least expensive)

I am sure he did not notice the parked car.

can not
He ……….the parked car.
(can not have noticed)

I am sure she sold her house last year.

must
She ……….her house last year.
(must have sold)

Perhaps Tom and Mary will travel to Italy.

may
Tom and Mary ……..to Italy.
(may travel)

I am sure you have seen him before.

must
You ………him before.
(must have seen)

I do not believe he is a spy.

can not
He …………..a spy.
(can not be)

I like listening to pop music more than classical music.

to
I ………..classical music.
(prefer pop music to)

She would rather see the sights than go to the tourist shop.
rather
She would prefer to see the ………tourist shop.
(sights rather than go to)

I like eating chocolate bit I love eating ice-cream.

prefer
I ………….chocolate.
(prefer ice-cream to)

I like eating vegetables more than fruit.

to
I …………..fruit.
(prefer vegetables to)

He would rather play basketball than study for his exams.

prefer
He would ……………than study for his exam.
(prefer to play basketball rather)

I am sure he was telling the truth.

must
He ………….the truth.
(must have been telling)

We last went out four weeks ago.

for
We …………….four weeks.
(have not been out for)

They started attending French classes two months ago.

been
They ……………French classes for two months.
(have been attending)

The fridge was delivered this morning.

had
We ……….this morning.
(had the fridge delivered)

Sarah feels awful because she lost her credit card.

wishes
Sarah ……………her credit card.
(wishes she had not lost)

The film was so depressing that we lest.

such
It ……………..that we left.
(was such a depressing film)

It is forbidden to feed the animals.

must
You ……………….the animals.
(must not feed)

They have never tried paragliding before.

first
It is the ……………paragliding.
(first time they have tried)

Cathy is friendlier than Mary.

as
Mary ……………….Cathy.
(is not as friendlier as)

George is not strong enough to carry the bags.

too
George is ………….the bags.
(too weak to carry)

It was such a dark room that we could not see.

so
It room ……………could not see.
(was so dark that we)

The carpets were so beautiful that I bought two.

such
They were ……………I bought two.
(such beautiful carpets that)

The party was very dull so I left early.

such
It was ……………I left early.
(such a dull party that)

They were such friendly people that we felt welcome.

so
The people ……….we felt welcome.
(were so friendly that)

The pub was so smoky that we had to leave.

such
It ……………that we had to leave.
(was such a smoky pub)

“I work in a bank,” Debbie said to me.

told
Debbie ……………….in a bank.
(told me that she worked)

“Where have you been this morning?” she asked him.

that
She asked him ………………morning.
(where he had been that)

“I have made several films,” the director said.

had
The director …………….several films.
(said that he had made)

“How did Sid make this?” he asked her.

had
He asked …………….that.
(her how Sid had made)
“James was holding the baby,” Carl told Karen.
been
Carl told Karen …………………the baby.
(that James had been holding)

“Jin is involved in the play,” Ann said.

was
Ann said ………………..the play.
(Jim was involved in)

Thomas inherited a lot of money when his grandfather died.

into
Thomas …………..a lot of money when his grandfather died.
(came into)

“Will you go to the dance?” he asked her.

would
He asked her ………..to the dance.
(if she would go)

“Do not call me after 11.00!” Ann said to Tom.

to
Ann told Tom ……………after 11.00.
(not to call her)

“Study for your exams!” Mum said to Tommy.

told
Mum ………….his exams.
(told Tommy to study for)

“Do not talk so loudly!” Jason said to Mark.

warned
Jason …………so loudly.
(warned Mark not to talk)

“Have you seen Ann lately?” Tin asked Lynn.

if
Tim asked Lynn ……………lately.
(if she had seen Ann)

“Please, please give me a second chance,” she said to him.

begged
She ………………a second chance.
(begged him to give her)

“You broke the vase,” he said to Ann.

accused
He ……………….the vase.
(accused Ann of breaking)
The player said that he had not touched the ball.
denied
The player …………… the ball.
(denied touching)

Do not argue with her 0 it is pointless.

point
There is ……. with her.
(no point in arguing)

After many years, Tony finally succeeded in winning the race.

managed
After many years, Tony finally ……. the race.
(managed to win)

Nick can not wait to go on holiday.

forward
Nick ……… on holiday.
(is liking forward to going)

We could not leave on time because of the bad weather.

prevented
The bad weather ……………on time.
(prevented us from leaving)

“Do not forget to buy Georgia those trainers,” Eve said to me.
reminded
Eve …………. the trainers for Georgia.
(reminded me to buy)

“Do you know where my keys are?” Peter asked me.

seen
Peter asked me …………….his keys.
(I had seen)

“Remember, do not be late,” my mother said.

reminded
My mother …………..late.
(reminded me not to be)

“Will you pick me up from the station?” Alice asked Jack.

pick
Alice asked Jack if he ………….from the station.
(would pick her up)

“Why did not you ring me?” my mother asked.

rung
My mother asked me …………her.
(why I had not rung)

“I am leaving tomorrow for a holiday,” Jack said to me when I saw him last week.
day
When I saw Jack last week he said he ……..for a holiday.
(was leaving the following day)

I am not surprised Cathy did not come to the party.

think
I did not …………..to the party.
(think Cathy would come)

Jane asked me if the dress suited her.

suit
Jane said, “…………………?”
(Does this dress suit me)

“What music do you like best?” Anna asked me.

I
Anna asked me ………………..best.
(what music I liked)
“I was brought up in India,” the old woman said.
been
The old woman said that ……………in India.
(she had been brought up)

“Is there anyone here who speaks English?” the tourist asked.
spoke
The tourist asked if there ………………..English.
(was anyone who spoke)

“Do not talk during the test”, the teacher said to the students.
not
The teacher told …………during the test.
(the students not to talk)

My mother said to me: “When will you be back?”

would
My mother ………….be back.
(asked me when I would)

They did not let us take part in the competition.

allowed
We ………. in competition
(were not allowed to take part)

Come whenever you like – it is all the same to me.

any
Come whenever you like – it does not …….. to me.
(make any difference)

Aisha is studying English at university.

course
Aisha ………. at university.
(is doing an English course)
Could you help your mother clean the dishes now?
washing
Could you help your mother ……….. now?
(do the washing up)

In many countries young men do not have to join the army any more.
military
In many countries young men do not have to ………. any more.
(do military service)

Could I arrange to see the head teacher, please?

appointment
Could I ……… to see the head teacher, please?
(make an appointment)

I think you are wrong – this bill is much too high.

mistake
I think you have………….– this bill is much too high.
(made a mistake)

It is been ages since I last saw Maria

for
I …………………for ages
(have not seen Maria)

When did you find out that they were going to get married?
known
How …………..that they were going to get married?
(long have you known)

I am much fitter now because of all the exercise I take.

been
I am much fitter now because …………..a lot of exercise.
(I have been talking)

My brother started to play the piano years ago.

for
My brother has ………………..years.
(been playing the piano for)

The skiing will be great because of the recent heavy snowfalls.

snowing
The skiing will be great because ……………..lot.
(it has been snowing)

Jack started having driving lessons three or four weeks ago.

learning
Jack ………….drive for three or four weeks.
(has been learning to)
My brother is better violinist than me.
as
I do not ……………as my brother.
(play the violin as well)

The exam was not as easy as I had expected.

more
The exam ………….I had expected.
(was more difficult than)

My brother is too young to drive a car.

old
My brother …………drive a car.
(is not old enough to)

Snakes do not frighten me at all.

afraid
I …………..snakes at all.
(am not afraid of)

I hate it when I have to get up early.

stand
I ………………to get up early.
(can not stand having)

What was the name of the hotel you stayed in last year?
where
What was the name of the hotel ……….last year?
(where you stayed)

This is Alice´s first day at her new school.

just
Alice ………….at a new school.
(has just started)

I do not mind if you come on Friday or Saturday – it is all the same to me.
difference
I do not mind if you come on Friday or Saturday – it …………to me.
(makes no difference)

My mother´s health is improving slowly.

better
My mother ……………….slowly.
(is getting better)

The number of cars on the roads will have to be reduced in future.

cut
We will ……………the number of cars on the roads in future.
(have to cut down on)

I will explain what you have to do just once more.

back
I am going …………..what you have to do just once more.
(to go back over)

When I was a child, we often walked to school.

to
When I was a child, we ……………to school.
(often used to walk)

He was nervous because he had hardly ever made a speech.

used
He was nervous because he ………………speeches.
(was not used to making)

Whenever I saw an old man with a dog I used to think about me grandfather.
remind
Seeing an old man with a dog always ……………..grandfather.
(used to remind me of)

Emma has lent John her car for the weekend.

Emma´s
John …………….for the weekend.
(has borrowed Emma´s car)

Our teacher says we should speak English to each other in class.

wants
Our teacher …………..English to each other in class.
(wants us to speak)

Our holiday was spoiled by bad weather

so
We would have enjoyed our holiday if the weather ……………bad.
(had not been so)

They got lost because they did not take a map with them.
taken
They would not have lost ……………a map with them.
(if they had taken)