3.

1 LAYOUT OF RETAINING WALL

3.2 OUTLINE OF RETAINING WALL AND DIMENSIONS (SECTION I)

The retaining wall is L-shape as shown below

B1
B1 = 400 mm GL+ 1.500M
B2 = 400 mm
L1 = 1500 mm
D= 600 mm H2
H1 = 1100 mm GL- 0.300M
H2 = 1800 mm
H1

L1 B2
3.3 FORCE DIAGRAM
GL+ 1.500M

FL1
SURCHARGE LOAD (S)
W4
GL- 0.300M W1
yL1
FL2 W3
(Soil Weight) TOE
yL2
W2
Liquid Pressure
(L) Bouyant Force (Bf)
3.4 DESIGN PARAMETER

Soil Properties
Ø= 30.0 deg., soil internal friction angle
2
gs = 9.0 kN/m , unit weight of soil (Dry)
Ka = 0.33 Active Pressure Coeficient, (1-SIN Ø)/(1+SIN Ø) ]

Material Properties

3
gc = 24.0 kN/m , unit weight of reinforced concrete
2
f'c = 24.0 N/mm , cylindrical compressive strength of concrete
2
Fy = 390.0 N/mm , yield strength of steel reinforcement

Unit Weight of Loadings

3
gw = 10.0 kN/m , unit weight of Ground Water
3
gL = 9.0 kN/m , unit weight of Liquid

Allowable Factor of Safety

Factor of Safety for Overturning= 1.5

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.5

Allowable Soil Pressure

2
Allowable Soil Pressure for Permanent Case, qa = 250.0 kN/m

3.5 STABILITY CHECK

Lateral Forces Calculation

Force, FL Lever Arm,

Item Mo (kN-m) gf Fult
(kN) YL (m)

FL1 14.6 2.30 33.6 1.4 20.44

FL2 3.6 1.15 4.1 1.4 5.04
total = 18.2 37.7 25.5

Where : Mo = Moment about toe

gf = Load Factor for Ultimate Loads
Fult = Factored Lateral Load
Weight Calculation and Resisting Moment (Mr)

Lever Arm
Item Force (kN) Mr (kN-m)
(m)
W1 27.8 0.200 5.57
W2 27.4 1.150 31.46
W3 31.4 0.950 29.78
W4 24.3 0.950 23.09
Bf -32.3 0.950 -30.69 <--- Bouyant Force
total = 78.6 59.2

Overturning Check

∑Mr
FOS = = 1.57 > 1.50, OK!
∑Mo

Soil Bearing Check

Compute for Eccentric Moments

Lever Arm,
Item Force (kN) Me (kN-m)
y (m)

FL1 14.60 2.30 33.58

FL2 3.60 1.15 4.14
W1 27.84 0.75 20.88
total = 58.60
where : Me is eccentric moment from centroid of footing

Compute for Eccentricity

∑Me 58.60
e= =
∑W 110.9 (No Bouyant Force)
= 0.529 m

(L1+B2)/6 = 0.317 m < e, Triangular Pressure

∑W Where : A = 1.0m x L
qmax= xa
A a =(2/3) / ( 0.5 - e / L )
L = (L1 + B2)
= 175.4 kPa < 250.0 kPa, OK!
qmin= 0.0 kPa (Triangular Pressure)
3.6 DESIGN OF WALL

3.6.1 Ultimate Design Forces

Lever Arm,
Item Force (kN) Mo (kN-m) gf Fult Muwall
y (m)

FL1 14.6 2.30 33.58 1.4 20.44 47.01

FL2 3.6 1.15 4.14 1.4 5.04 5.80
total = 18.2 25.5 52.81

3.6.2 Ultimate Design Capacity

Mucapwall = φb*B*dwall2*f'c*q(1 - 0.59q)

φb = 0.9 , strength reduction factor for bending

B= 1000 mm, design width
cc = 50 mm, concrete cover
dwall = 342 mm, effective depth
Db = 16 mm, rebar diameter
Spacing = 200 mm, rebar spacing
2
As = 1005.31 mm , area of reinforcement
As / Bd = 0.00294 reinforcement ratio
q= 0.047767

Mucapwall = 117.28 kN-m > Muwall, OK!

0.5
Vcapwall = φs*1/6*f'c *dwall

φs = 0.75 , strength reduction factor for shear

Vcapwall = 209.43 kN > Fult, OK!
3.7. DESIGN OF FOOTING
Check for Bottom Bar B= 1000 mm, design width
qult = 1.6 x (qmax + qmin)/2 cc = 75 mm, concrete cover
= 140.3 kPa dwall = 515 mm, effective depth
2
MufBOT = qult*L1 /2 + Muwall Dbbop = 20 mm, bot rebar dia.
= 210.6 kN-m Dbtop = 16 mm, toprebar dia.
Mucapbot= 275.64 > MufBOT, OK! Spacing = 200 mm, rebar spacing
2
Asbot = 1570.796 mm ,area of bot bar
Check for Top Bar Asbot /Bd = 0.00305 reinforcement ratio
MufTOP = MUWALL = 52.81 kN-m q = 0.049564
2
Mucaptop= 178.32 > MufTOP, OK! Astop = 1005.31 mm ,area of top bar
Astop /Bd = 0.001952 reinforcement ratio
Check For Shear q = 0.031721
Vufoot = qult*L1 = 210.44 kN
Vcapfoot = 315.37 > Vufoot, OK!