POSSIBLE PROBLEMS 300 MILLION BOOKS SOLD!
  (SB p54)
1 Students often think the Present Perfect is
interchangeable with other past tenses, notably the
Past Simple.
2 They think the use of tenses in their own language can
be applied in English, especially with the unfinished
past use, where they often use a present tense.
3 They forget that the idea of an activity continuing over
a period requires the continuous form, especially if they
don’t have continuous forms in their own language.
4 They may use adverbs and time expressions
incorrectly.
5 They may fail to recognize the need for a passive form.
Common mistakes Corrections
*I have arrived last week. I arrived last week.
*How long do you work How long have you
  here?   worked here?
*I live here since May. I’ve lived here since May.
*It’s rained for hours. It’s been raining for hours.
*They’ve been married They’ve been married
  since 10 years.   for 10 years.
*The post has just The post has just been
  delivered.  delivered.
Vocabulary  In this unit, vocabulary is included as part of
a Vocabulary and listening section. Students analyse and
practise words and expressions for talking about things
people love and hate.
Everyday English  This covers how to respond in
conversations to express agreement, sympathy, pleasure, and
surprise. The Music of English feature is included here to help
students with intonation and voice range.
Notes on the unit
STARTER   (SB p54)
This activity gets students using the Present Perfect Simple
in a meaningful and fun way. Get pairs of students to read
out the examples in the book. Check they produce the
correct stresses:
I’ve never been to a foot ball match.
Me neither. I hate foot ball.
I’ve never had body piercing or a tattoo.
I have. I’ve got a tattoo of a rose on my ankle.
I’ve never read a Harry Potter book.
Really? I’ve read them all.
Give your own examples of things you have never done
and elicit responses from the class, e.g.
I’ve never eaten sushi. I have. It’s delicious.
I’ve never been to India. Me neither. But I’d like to.
I’ve never run a marathon. Me neither. I’m not fit enough.
Students write their three examples. With weaker
students, you could briefly review the most common
irregular past participles first. Students then work in pairs
to exchange their examples and react.
If students make mistakes with past participles, note them
down and refer them to the list on SB p159.
09_NH_Int_TB_p76_87_7R.indd 77
Present Perfect – simple, continuous, passive
About the text
The profile of J.K. Rowling on SB p55 provides the
context for revising the uses of the Present Perfect
(simple, continuous, and passive) and contrasting it
with the Past Simple and Past Continuous. The text
gives biographical information, a short summary of her
early life, and information about her books and how she
writes. Students who are interested in the Harry Potter
series will probably have read/heard information about
J.K. Rowling that they will want to share. You could read
the profile before the class to provide yourself with some
background information on the author.
Lead in to the topic by asking a few general questions:
Who is Harry Potter? (a boy wizard)
What’s the name of his school? (Hogwarts /hɒgwɔ:ts/)
When was the first book published? (1997)
And the last book? (2007).
1 Focus attention on the book titles. Ask students if the
books have been translated into their language, and if the
translated names of the books/films in their language are
similar to the original English, or completely different.
Ask for a show of hands of who has read any of the books
or seen any of the films. Find out who is the biggest Harry
Potter fan, and who isn’t keen on the series.
Then elicit any ideas students have about J.K. Rowling.
Tell them they will find out about her later in the lesson.
2 This exercise revises the form and use of questions in the
Past Simple, the Past Continuous, and the Present Perfect
Simple and Continuous, both active and passive forms.
The questions are divided to cover the Past Simple and
Continuous forms first (1–5), and then the Present Perfect
forms (6–12). Students should be able to complete the
questions with the auxiliaries fairly easily, but you could
point out the tense division to weaker classes before they
complete the exercise.
Elicit the answer for question 1. Give students time to
complete the exercise, working individually. Students
check the answers in pairs. Ask if they disagree on any
of the answers and deal with these as a whole class first.
Then check the rest of the answers.
Answers
1 was 4 did 7 has 10 have
2 did; was 5 was 8 has 11 has
3 was 6 has 9 have 12 have
3 T 7.1   [CD 2: Track 30] Focus attention on the text on SB
p55. Play the recording and get students to follow the text
in their books. Deal with any vocabulary queries and elicit
what J.K. stands for (Joanne Kathleen). Ask why students
think she uses her initials, rather than full name, as a writer
(it may be because she didn’t want to give her gender away).
Tapescript
T 7.1   See SB p55.
Unit 7  •  Passions and fashions 77
03/07/2014 11:53
 4 T 7.2   [CD 2: Track 31] Put students into pairs to ask
and answer the questions, re-reading parts of the text if
necessary to find the answers. Play the recording and let
students check.
Answers and tapescript
T 7.2
1 A Where and when was she born?
B She was born near Bristol, in England, in 1965.
2 A When did she write her first story? What was it about?
B She wrote her first story when she was six. It was about a rabbit
with measles.
3 A What was she doing when she had the idea for Harry Potter?
B She was travelling by train between Manchester and London.
4 A Where did she teach English?
B In Portugal.
5 A When was the first Harry Potter book published?
B In 1997.
6 A How long has she been writing the books?
B For nearly twenty years.
7 A How many has she written?
B Seven.
8 A How many children has she had?
B Three.
9 A How many books have been sold?
B Over 300 million copies.
10 A Which books have been made into films?
B The first six.
11 A How much money has she made?
B She’s made over £600 million.
12 A How many authors have become billionaires?
B Only one – her.
GRAMMAR SPOT  (SB p55)
This Grammar spot reviews Present Simple, Past Simple,
and Present Perfect (unfinished past and experience
uses). It also contrasts Present Perfect Simple and
Continuous, and reviews the form of the Present Perfect
passive.
1 Students work in pairs to name the tenses and
discuss their use. Monitor and check students’ ideas.
This will help you see how far students have grasped
the basic tense system. Check the answers.
Answers
She lives in Scotland. (Present Simple used for a fact that is
true now.)
She lived in Portugal for three years. (Past Simple used for a
finished action in the past.)
She’s lived in Scotland since 1993. (Present Perfect used for an
action that began in the past and still continues in the present.)
She’s lived in England, Portugal, and Scotland. (Present Perfect
used for an experience that happened at some time in the past.)
2 Students match the rules to the questions.
Answers
How long has she been writing Harry Potter Books? asks about
the activity.
How many has she written? asks about the quantity.
78 Unit 7  •  Passions and fashions
09_NH_Int_TB_p76_87_7R.indd 78
3 Students make the sentences passive and then check
them against the text (paragraph 7).
Answers
Her books have been translated into 60 languages.
300 million copies of her books have been sold.
Six of the books have been made into films.
Refer students to Grammar Reference 7.1–7.6 on
SB pp140–2.
5 T 7.3   [CD 2: Track 32] The interview gives further
contexts for the tenses covered in this lesson. Focus on
the example, then give students time to read the questions
through first. Play the recording and get students to
complete the questions. Allow students to compare their
answers in pairs, then check with the whole class.
Play the recording again and get students to note down
Jack’s answers. Let them compare in pairs. Play relevant
sections of the recording again if students disagree or have
missed any of the information.
Check the answers.
Answers and tapescript
Answers
1 have you been; Since he was about five. His mum read them to him.
2 have you read; All of them except one, Harry Potter and the Half-
blood Prince.
3 did you; All of them except Harry Potter and the Half-blood Prince.
4 Have you seen; Did you; Yes, all of them and he liked all of them.
5 have been sold; Maybe 20 million (This is Jack’s guess, the real figure
is 300 million.)
6 do you know; It’s J.K. Rowling and she’s got two children. (This is
Jack’s guess, she actually has three children.)
7 Have . . . read; Yes, all of them.
8 have you been playing; Since he could walk.
9 Play football.
T 7.3
I = Interviewer  J = Jack
Jack, aged 10, talks about Harry Potter
I So Jack, I know you love Harry Potter. How long have you been a
fan of the books?
J I think since I was about five but I was so small I couldn’t read yet
and my mum read them to me.
I How many of the books have you read?
J I’ve read them all – well, not all exactly.
I What do you mean?
J Well I didn’t like Harry Potter and the Half-blood Prince so I didn’t
finish it.
I Which did you like best?
J I liked all the others but not that one. It was too ‘samey’ – it was
boring ’cos it was just like the one before.
I Have you seen any of the Harry Potter films?
J Yes, I have.
I Which have you seen?
J I’ve seen them all, every one.
I And did you like them all?
J Yes, I did. I thought they were fantastic, but my brother didn’t,
he got scared. He didn’t like The Chamber of Secrets, the bit where
the Basilisk attacked . . .
I The what?
11/4/14 13:55:43
 J The Basilisk. It’s kind of a huge snake and it attacked Harry Potter.
I Oh, I bet a lot of children were frightened by it.
J I wasn’t.
I Jack, have you any idea how many Harry Potter books have been
sold in the world?
J Er – I dunno. Er – millions, maybe 20 million.
I Er – not quite. It’s 300 million.
J 300 million. Wow! That’s a lot of books.
I And what do you know about the author?
J I know it’s J.K. Rowling and she’s got two children. I wonder if they’ve
read their mum’s books.
I She has three children, actually. Have a lot of your friends read
the books?
J Yes, every single one.
I What all your friends?
J Yeah, definitely – all of them.
I That’s amazing. Now, I know as well as Harry Potter, you have
another passion.
J Yeah, football. I’m a big Blackburn Rovers fan. They’re brilliant!
I Are they? And how long have you been playing football?
J Since I could walk. I’d rather play football than do anything else in
the world.
I So, If I asked you – what would you rather do this afternoon?
Read a Harry Potter or play football?
J You know the answer.
6 Give students a few moments to think of their favourite
books/films. Model the activity by giving an example of
your own favourites and getting students to ask questions.
Put students into pairs to continue the activity. Monitor
and check for accurate question formation and tense use.
Note any common errors and feed back on them at the
end of the activity or in a later lesson.
Ask a student from some of the pairs to tell the class
about their partner’s favourite books/films. This allows for
practice of the he/she forms.
PRACTICE  (SB p56)
Discussing grammar
1 This exercise consolidates the tense use with a series of
contrastive sentences. Elicit the names of the tenses and
reasons for their use in the first pair of sentences.
Students work in pairs to complete the task. In a
monolingual class, you could let students use their own
language, especially with weaker students.
Go through the answers with the class. If there are areas
of confusion, refer students to the relevant sections of
Grammar Reference 7.3–7.6 on SB pp141–2.
Answers
1 I lived (Past Simple used for a finished action in the past.)
I’ve lived (Present Perfect used for an action that began in the past
and still continues in the present.)
2 I work (Present Simple used for a fact that is true in the present.)
I’ve worked (Present Perfect used for an action that began in the
past and still continues in the present.)
3 have you been working (Present Perfect Continuous used for an
action that began in the past and is still continuing in the present.
The Present Perfect Simple would also be possible here.)
09_NH_Int_TB_p76_87_7R.indd 79
have you worked (Present Perfect Simple for experiences at some
time in your life. The Present Perfect Simple is used when saying how
many times, places, etc., and expresses completion.)
4 Have you ever met (Present Perfect used to ask about an experience
at any time in your life.)
Did you meet (Past Simple used to ask about a finished time in the
past.)
5 I’ve already finished (Present Perfect positive + already to say that
something has happened earlier than expected.)
I haven’t finished yet (Present Perfect negative + yet to say that
something has not happened although we expect it to happen.)
6 Who’s been eating (Present Perfect Continuous used for an action
that began in the past and is still continuing = there are some
chocolates left.)
Who’s eaten (Present Perfect Simple to express completion = there
aren’t any chocolates left.)
7 was shot (Past Simple passive for a finished action in the past.)
’s been shot (Present Perfect passive for an action in the recent past
that has a present result.)
8 How long are you here for? (Present Simple of be to refer to the
future.)
How long have you been here for? (Present Perfect used for an
action that began in the past and still continues in the present.)
Note that the contrast in the sentences in 8 is practised again
in the Spoken English box at the end of SB p57.
2 T 7.4   [CD 2: Track 33] This exercise gives further
practice in the contrasts highlighted in exercise 1.
Elicit the correct verb form in sentence 1. Students
complete the task, working individually. Let students
check in pairs before playing the recording.
Answers and tapescript
T 7.4
1 His plane took off a few minutes ago.
2 The president has resigned and a new president has been elected.
3 I’ve been working in Dubai since last March. When did you arrive?
4 How many emails have you sent?
5 What have you been doing in the bathroom? You’ve been in there
for ages.
6 A huge snowstorm has hit New York. Over 40 cms of snow has
fallen in the past 12 hours. People have been advised to stay at
home.
3 This exercise practises word order with the adverbs
that are often used with Present Perfect Simple and
Continuous. Write the first sentence I’ve read that book
on the board. Ask students where they can put the words
from the box in the sentence without changing the verb
form. Ask what these words add to the meaning (see
Answers below).
Students work through the sentences individually and
then compare answers with a partner. When checking
with the class, elicit what these words express (see
Answers on TB p80). Remind students that we use yet
only in negatives and questions. Remind them also that
we use never with a positive verb, and ever in questions.
Unit 7  •  Passions and fashions 79
11/4/14 13:55:43