Rangkuman Materi Bahasa Inggris Semester 1

I. PRONOUN
Pronoun dalam bahasa Indonesia yaitu kata ganti. Kata ganti terdiri dari SAYA, KAMU,
DIA, KAMI, KITA, dan MEREKA. Ya intinya seperti itu lah, gue copas dari web.

1 2 3
Aku I Me My
Kamu You You Your
Dia (cowo) He Him His
Dia (cewe) She Her Her
Hewan/benda It It Its
Kita/kami We Us Our
Mereka They Them Their

Udah tau cara masukinnya di kalimat blom gengs?

1. We are going to the zoo.

Dipakenya di depan, sebagai subjek.
2. Tia always calls them.
Dipakenya di belakang, sebagai objek.
3. Her shirt is dirtier than mine.
Pokoknya buat nunjukin kepunyaan.

Jangan lupa ya bahwa [ Its ] dan [ It’s ] itu tidak sama.

II. TENSES
1) Simple Present
Rumus:
(+) s + v1 + o
“She eats pizza every day.”
(-) s + do/does + not + v1 + o
“She does not eat pizza every day.”
(?) Do/does + s + v1 + o + ?
“Does she eat pizza every day?”
2) Present Continuous
Rumus:
(+) s + is/am/are + v-ing + o
“She is eating pizza right now.”
(-) s + is/am/are + not + v-ing + o
“She is not eating pizza right now.”
(?) Is/am/are + s + v-ing + o + ?
“Is she eating pizza right now?”
3) Present Perfect
Rumus:
(+) s + have/has + v3 + o
“She has eaten the whole pizza.”
(-) s + have/has + not + v3 + o
“She has not eaten the whole pizza.”
(?) Have/has + s + v3 + o + ?
“Has she eaten the whole pizza?”
4) Present Perfect Continuous
Rumus:
(+) s + have/has + been + v-ing + o
“She has been eating the whole pizza.”
(-) s + have/has + not + been + v-ing + o
“She has not been eating the whole pizza.”
 (?) Have/has + s + been + v-ing + o + ?
“Has she been eating the whole pizza?”
5) Simple Past
Rumus:
(+) s + v2 + o
“She ate pizza yesterday.”
(-) s + did + not + v2 + o
“She did not eat pizza yesterday.”
(?) Did + s + v1 + o + ?
“Did she eat pizza yesterday?”
6) Past Continuous
Rumus:
(+) s + was/were + v-ing + o
“She was eating pizza when I arrived.”
(-) s + was/were + not + v-ing + o
“She was not eating pizza when I arrived.”
(?) Was/were + s + v-ing + o + ?
“Was she eating pizza when I arrived?”
7) Past Perfect
Rumus:
(+) s + had + v3 + o
“She had eaten the whole pizza.”
(-) s + had + not + v3 + o
“She had not eaten the whole pizza.”
(?) Had + s + v3 + o + ?
“Had she eaten the whole pizza?”
8) Past Perfect Continuous
Rumus:
(+) s + had + been + v-ing + o
“She had been eating the whole pizza.”
(-) s + had + not + been + v-ing + o
“She had not been eating the whole pizza.”
 (?) Had + s + been + v-ing + o + ?
“Had she been eating the whole pizza?”
9) Simple Future
Rumus:
(+) s + will + v1 + o
“She will eat pizza tonight.”
(-) s + will + not + v1 + o
“She will not eat pizza tonight.”
(?) Do/does + s + v1 + o + ?
“Will she eat pizza tonight?”
10) Future Continuous
Rumus:
(+) s + will be + v-ing + o
“She will be eating pizza tonight.”
(-) s + will + not + be + v-ing + o
“She will not be eating pizza tonight.”
(?) Will + s + be + v-ing + o + ?
“Will she be eating pizza tonight?”
11) Future Perfect
Rumus:
(+) s + will have + v3 + o
“She will have eaten the whole pizza.”
(-) s + will have + not + v3 + o
“She will have not eaten the whole pizza.”
(?) Will + s + have + v3 + o + ?
“Will she have eaten the whole pizza?”
12) Future Perfect Continuous
Rumus:
(+) s + will have + been + v-ing + o
“She will have been eating the whole pizza.”
(-) s + will have + not + been + v-ing + o
“She will have not been eating the whole pizza.”
 (?) Will + s + have + been + v-ing + o + ?
“Will she have been eating the whole pizza?”

Jadi intinya kalo present ya di masa sekarang, verb nya v1 yang biasa.

Kalo past ya masa lampau masa lalu udh lewat, verb nya v2. Is/am/are nya berubah jadi was/were
karena di masa lampau.

Future ya masa depan, verb nya biasa tapi di kalimat ada kata will/shall/going to dll. Ga perlu pake
(is/am/are).

Kalimat simple itu ya yang simple wkwk.

Continuous itu yang verb nya pake –ing, karena kegiatannya sedang berlangsung.

Perfect itu yang pake have/has, pake had kalo lampau. Verb nya pake v3.

Kalo Perfect Continuous berarti di kalimatnya ada have/has/had been verb-ing.

Jadiii kalo nentuin jenis kalimat gausah bingung lagi, tinggal inget inget aja kata kuncinya.

III. PASSIVE AND ACTIVE

Tense Active Passive
Simple Present Tia writes the letter. The letter is written by Tia.
Present Continuous Tia is writing the letter. The letter is being written by Tia.
Present Perfect Tia has written the letter. The letter has been written by Tia.
Present Perfect Tia has been writing the letter. The letter has been being written by
Continuous Tia.
Simple Past Fafa repaired the car. The car was repaired by Fafa.

Past Continuous Fafa was repairing the car. The car was being repaired by Fafa.
Past Perfect Fafa had repaired the car. The car had been repaired by Fafa.
Past Perfect Continuous Fafa had been repairing the letter. The car had been being repaired by
Fafa.
Simple Future Nadien will draw that house. That house will be drawn by Nadien.
Future Continuous Nadien will be drawing that house. That house will be being drawn by
Nadien.
Future Perfect Nadien will have drawn that house. That house will have been drawn by
Nadien.
Future Perfect Nadien will have been drawing that house. That house will have been being
Continuous drawn by Nadien.

Buat yang masih bingung…

o Subjek I itu pake Am.

o Subjek You/They/We mereka pake Are.
o Subjek He/She/It mereka pake Is.
o Subjek I/You/They/We mereka pake Do.
o Subjek He/She/It mereka pake Does.
o Untuk kalimat present, subjek I/You/They/We mereka pake verb1 (go, walk, draw,
eat, drink, etc.)
o Untuk kalimat present, subjek He/She/It mereka pake verb1 juga tapi ditambahin –s
atau -es (goes, walks, draws, eats, drinks, etc.) itu dari “does” oke gengs diingat ya.
o Untuk kalimat past, semua subjek pake verb2 (went, walked, drew, drank, etc.)
jangan lupa pake Was/Were atau Had—buat kalimat perfect.
o Untuk kalimat future, semua subjek pake verb1 (go, walk, draw, eat, drink, etc.)
jangan lupa pake Will/Shall/(to be) going to.
o Untuk kalimat continuous, semua subjek pake verb1 ditambahin –ing (going, walking,
drawing, drinking, etc.) jangan lupa pake Is/Am/Are atau been—buat kalimat perfect.
o Kalo untuk kalimat negative yang subjeknya He/She/It, verb nya gausah ditambahin
-s atau -es lagi. Contoh [ She does not draw. ] bukan [ She does not draws. ]
Isn’t Hadn’t
Aren’t Won’t
Wasn’t Wouldn’t
Weren’t Mustn’t
Haven’t Shan’t
Hasn’t
Tujuan
Menberi selamat kepada seseorang

Generic structure
- receiver
Penerima congratulation card
- body
Unsur: quote (kutipan yg sesuai dengan perisitwa), gambar, expression
(congratulations)
- sender
Nama pengirim

Contoh
Dear anny,
I heard that you've passed your final exam and got good grade. Congratulations! You
deserve it.
Sincerely, uncle tom