Paras, Shane Nicole B.
9- Holerith
MUSIC
Music of the Medieval Period (700-1400)
❖ also known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages
❖ start with the fall of the Roman Empire
Characteristics of Gregorian Chants
➢ Monophonic
➢ Free meter
➢ Modal
➢ Usually based on Latin Liturgy
➢ Use of Neume notation
❖ Monophonic plainchant-named after Pope Gregory I
❖ Dissemination means ‘to spread’
❖ Monophonic refers to having a single an
accompanied melodic lined
❖ Modal relates to musical note
❖ Neume notation refers to any of various symbols
used in the notation of Gregorian Chant
Troubador Music
❖ Troubador refers to the writers and performer of song
or poetry in the Middle Age
❖ Chivalry refers to systems of values such as loyalty
and honor
Characteristics of Toubador Music
➢ Usually monophonic
➢ Sometimes with improvised accompaniment
➢ Tells of chivalry and courtly love
➢ Originated in France
➢ Written in the French language
Famous Composer of the Medieval Period
Adam de la Halle (France, 1237-1288)
✓ Also known as Adam le Bossu and
Adam the Hunchback
✓ Son of a well-known citizen of Arras,
Henri de la Halle
✓ Cistercian Abbey of Vaucelles
✓ One of the oldest secular composers
His musical play: Jeu de Robin et de Marion
La Chanson du roi Sicile
Music of the Renaissance Period (1400-1600)
❖ Term comes from the word renaitre which means
rebirth, revival and rediscovery
❖ Is a period of looking back to the Golden Age of
Greece and Rome
❖ Lute was the prominent instrument at this era
❖ Also known as the Golden Age of acapella choral
music
Characteristics of Renaissance Music
❖ Mostly polyphonic
❖ Imitation among the voices is common
❖ Use of word painting in texts and music
❖ Melodic lines move in a flowing manner
❖ Melodies are easier to perform because these move
along a scale with a few large laps
Vocal Music of the Renaissance Period
Mass- form of sacred musical composition that sets texts
of the Eucharistic liturgy into music
Characteristics of the Mass
❖ Polyphonic
❖ May be sung a capella or with orchestral
accompaniment
❖ Text may be syllabic, neumatic or melismatic
Five Main Sections of Mass
❖ Kyrie “Lord Have Mercy”
❖ Gloria “Glory to God in the Highest”
❖ Credo “Apostle’s Creed” or “Nicean Creed”
❖ Sanctus and Benedictus “Holy holy” and “Blessed Is
He”
Agnus Dei “Lamb of God”
Madrigal- secular vocal polyphonic music composition
which originated from Italy
-Written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during
courtly social gatherings
-most important secular form during the Renaissance
period
Characteristics of the Madrigal
❖ Polyphonic
❖ Sung a cappella
❖ Through-composed
❖ Frequently in 3 to 6 voices
Famous Composers of the Renaissance Period
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (Rome 1525- Feb 2,1594)
Thomas Morley (1557-1602)
ARTS
Pre-Historic Era
❖ Includes all human existence before the emergence
of writing
❖ art is only one clue – along with fossils, pollens and
other finds to an understanding of early human life
and culture
Paintings from the Pre-Historic Era
➢ their paintings were found inside the caves – may
have been their way of communicating with each
other; may also be for religious or ceremonial
purposes
 ➢ Prehistoric drawing of animals were usually correct in
proportion (Cave of Lascaux)
➢ dominant features of the paintings were large animals
native in the religion.
➢ discovered on September 12,1940
➢ nearly 2,000 figures; mainly of animals, human
figures and abstract designs
➢ Sections identified inside the caves:
The Great Hall of the Bulls, The Lateral Passage, The
Shaft of the Dead man, The Chamber of Engravings,
The Painted Gallery, Chamber of Feliness
Paintings form the Ancient Egypt
❖ the purpose of the paintings is to make deceased
afterlife place pleasant
❖ themes: journey to underworld introducing the
deceased to the gods of the underworld by their
protective deities
❖ emphasize the importance of life after death and the
preservation of the knowledge of the past
❖ painting were highly stylized, symbolic and shows
profile view of animal or a person
❖ Main colors: red, black, blue, gold, green derived from
the mineral pigments
Paintings from Classical Greek Era
❖ paintings were most commonly found in vases,
panels and tomb
❖ depict natural figures with dynamic compositions
❖ subjects: battle scenes, mythological figures and
everyday scenes
❖ reveal grasp of linear perspective and naturalist
representation
Most common methods of Greek painting:
Fresco – water based pigments; matte style
Encaustic – Greek ship builders; hot wax
Vase Painting
Kerch Style – referred to as Kerch Vases are red;
figured pottery
Shapes commonly found are:
pelike – wine container
lekanis – low bowl with two horizontal and low broad foot
lebes gamikos – high handles and lid use to carry bridal bath
krater – bowl use for mixing wine and water
❖ Common motifs: scenes from the life of women,
mythological beings, mythical story or event
❖ technique – polycromy – combination of different
colors especially the brilliant ones
Panel Painting
❖ paintings on flat panels of wood (Pitsa Panel)
Tomb/ Wall Painting
❖ very popular during classical period
❖ uses the method frescos in either tempera (water
based) or encaustic (wax)
❖ water based materials (Tomb of the Diver)
❖ artist rely on the shade and hues of paint to create
life-like feeling
Paintings from the Roman Era
❖ copied or imitated from Hellenic Greek paintings
❖ fresco technique was used; tic-tac-toe design; multi
point perspective; tropme-l’-oeil effect
❖ animals, everyday life, still life, mythological subjects,
portraits and landscapes
❖ landscape painting is the main innovation of Roman
painting from Greek painting
Mosaic
❖ art process where an image is created using an
assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stones
or other materials
Byzantine Painting
❖ lively styles of paintings; Christian subjects
Romanesque Painting
❖ largely placed mosaics on the walls of the churches
Paintings from the Gothic Era
❖ confined in the illumination of manuscript pages and
the painting of frescoes on the walls of churches in
cosmopolitan style, elegant manner and sophisticated
Sculptures from the Early Age
Pre-Historic Sculptures – region and locality
Venus of Willendrof, Venus of Brassempouy
Sculptures from the Egyptian Era
elements – forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, color, actions
Queen Nefertiti, The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen
Sculptures from the Classical Period
Greek Sculptures – points of human anatomy and proportion
Myron; The Discobulus
Roman Sculptures
monumental terra-cotta
The Portonacio Sarcophagus, Sarcophagus from cervetiri
Byzantine Sculptures
theological significance
The Barberini Diptych
Romanesque Sculptures
reliquaries, altar frontals, crucifixes
Last Judgement
Gothic Sculptures
more lively and realistic
Resurrection of the Virgin
Architecture from the Early Age
Pre-historic Architecture
megaliths from the Greek word lithos “stone” and megas “big”
huge stone blocks which probably intended for burial
Megalithic monuments
 Neutral EB – calories you consume equals the amount you
expend
PHYSICAL EDUCATION HEALTH
Nutrition and Weight Health – state of complete physical, mental and social well-
gain weight – calories consumed and calories expended being
Community – sociological group in a large place sharing one
Gaining Weight environment
may result to higher-than-normal basal metabolic rate Community Health – art and science of maintaining,
gaining muscle and not fat weight protecting and improving the health of all the members of the
community
Environmental Health – aspects of human health that are
Losing Weight determined by physical, chemical, biological, social and
involves a negative energy balance psychological factors
increasing exercise and decreasing caloric intake
A Healthy Community Include:
Determining Calorie Needs
calorie – heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of 1. clean and safe physical environment
water 1 degree Celsius; Kilocalorie is 1,000 calories 2. environment that meets everyone basic needs
3. environment that promotes social harmony and
Total energy expenditure (TEE) – total number of calories your actively involves everyone
body needs on a daily basis 4. understanding of local health and environmental
Can determine by: issues
➢ your basal metabolic rate (BMR) 5. community that participates in identifying local
➢ thermic effect of food solutions to local problems
➢ thermic effect of your physical activity 6. community whose members have access to varied
experiences, means of interaction and
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) communication
energy required to maintain your body at rest 7. accessible and appropriate health services and
fast from 8-12 hours facilities
60% to 75% of the TEE 8. promotion and celebration of historical and cultural
heritage
The Thermic Effect of Food 9. diverse and innovative economy
energy required to digest and absorb food 10. sustainable us of available resources of a ll
10% to 15% of your TTE
Primary Health Care – program of DOH
The Thermic Effect of Physical Activity
amount of energy required for physical activity Perennial Community Health Problems
15% for sedentary people; 80% for athletes ➢ Human Excreta and Sewage
NEAT – non-exercise activity thermogenesis ➢ Disease Control
energy expended in unplanned physical activity ➢ Peace and Order
➢ Waste Disposal
Maximizing Food Consuming ➢ Food Sanitation
200 calories – inactive child ➢ Water Supply
200-400 – physically active child ➢ Drug Abuse, Prevention and Control in the
(9-13 years) 1800 kcal for males; 1600 kcal for females Community
(14-18 years) 2200 kcal for males; 1800 kcal for females
Vary according to factors: economy, politics, geography,
Managing your Weight culture and social context
when weight loss is desired, a plan of action is needed for a
long-term success Paces which experience community health problems like:
➢ water-borne and communicable disease
Energy Balance ➢ armed conflicts
compares the amount of energy consumed as food with the ➢ natural disasters
amount of energy expended through the combination of resting ➢ highly urbanized zones
metabolism, activities of daily living, voluntary physical ➢ overpopulated areas
exercise.
Positive EB – consume more energy; weight gain Solid Waste Management Program – helps lessen the amount
Negative EB – expend more calories, weight loss of refuse in our country
 KIND COMPOSITION SOURCES Definition of Solid Waste states in accordance with the best
Waste from Households, principles of:
preparation, Restaurants, ➢ public health
Garbage cooking and Stores, ➢ economics
serving of food, Markets ➢ engineering
market wastes ➢ conservation
Combustible: ➢ aesthetics
Paper, cartons, ➢ public attitude
boxes, wood
Same as R.A No. 9003 – many ways to do Solid Waste Management
Rubbish
Garbage REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE
Non-combustible:
Metals, tin cans,
Glass, dirt Environmental Problems in the Philippines
Residue from Deforestation – destruction of big areas of forests
fires used for Same as Flash Flood – sudden flood of great volume
Ashes Illegal Logging –
cooking an Garbage
heating Illegal Mining – extraction of valuable minerals
Sweepings, dirt, Streets, Mining Act of 1995
Street Refuse Soil Erosion – soil and rock are moved from one place to
leaves sidewalks, alleys
Same as street another place by wind, water and gravity
Dead Animals Cats, Dogs, Cows Causes of Soil Erosion:
refuse
Abandoned Unwanted cars Same as street ✓ Deforestation
Vehicles and trucks refuse ✓ Agriculture
Food-processing ✓ Urbanization
Industrial wastes, lumber Factories, power ✓ Mining
Wastes scraps, metal plants Coral Reef Degradation – significant problem throughout the
scraps world – Coral reefs – underwater ecosystems built from
Demolition Lumber, pipes, calcium carbonate
Demolition Sites 27% reefs affected – 11% completely lots; 16% damaged
wastes bricks
Construction Scrap lumber, New construction,
Wastes pipes remodeling Pollution – alteration of the physical, chemical and biological
Hazardous solids Household, properties of water, air and land resources
Special Wastes Air Pollution – alteration of physical, chemical and biological
and liquids hotels, hospitals
properties of the atmospheric air
Sewage
Septic tank Water Pollution – alteration of physical, chemical and
Treatment Septic tanks
sludge biological properties of a body of water
Residue
Noise Pollution – excessive sound that causes hearing loss,
stress, fatigue, irritability, tension
Soil Pollution – caused by chemicals in pesticides
Stable Manure – animal wastes from barns
Street Night Soil – human waste
Pertinent Laws adhering to environmental safety and
Yard Cutting – leaves, branches, grass
health protection:
Waste Disposal – discharge materials in accordance with local
P.D. 389 – The Forestry Reform Code
environment guidelines or laws
P.D. 704 – Preservation of fishery resources
P.D. 1219 – Protection of Coral ecosystems
Solid Waste Management refers to the discipline associated
P.D. 1067 – Water Code of the Philippines
with the:
P.D. 463 – Amended the Mining Act of 1936
➢ control of generation
P.D. 1251 – Fines on tailings and mines wastes
➢ storage collection
P.D. 984 – The Pollution Control Law
➢ transfer and transport
P.D. 825 – Improper disposal of garbage
➢ processing
P.D. 856 – Sanitation Code
➢ disposal of solid waste
R.A. 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999