# :

A ‐m wide 5 ‐mm thick concrete slab is longitudinally reinforced with ‐mm

diameter bars. The bars are mm on center. The ratio of the elastic modulus of steel to
that of concrete is . If the allowable stresses in the steel and concrete are 5 MPa and 8
MPa, respectively, determine the maximum allowable moment in the slab. Assume the both
materials remain elastic and no tension in the concrete.

fc  8 MPa fs  150 MPa d  125 mm .... from top of concrete to steel

w  1000 mm

Transformed Section ENA (or NA):

n  12 .... transforming the section to concrete

dbar  10 mm .... diameter of one steel bar

For zero net axial force on the cross-section:

C= T

1
C= f  h' w
2 c

1 3 N
 fc w  4  10 
2 mm

2 2 2
 dbar   dbar   dbar  ( 125  h')
T = 10 π    fs = 10 π    Esteel εs = 10 π    n  Econcrete εc
 2   2   2  h'
2
 dbar  2
As  10 π    785.398 mm
 2 

Assuming concrete compression controls, define h' as h'1:

Econcrete εc = fc

2
 dbar 
10 π    n fc  75398.224 N
 2 
 Since C = T

4000 h'1 = 75398.224

 125  h'1
h'1
2 2
 
75398.224 125  h'1  4000 h'1 simplify  9.424778e6  75398.224 h'1  4000.0 h'1

or
2
 
f h'1  9.424778e6  75398.224 h'1  4000.0 h'1

 9.424778e6 
p  f  h'1 coeffs   75398.224  .... coefficients of f(h'1)
 4000.0 
 

 58.872 
h'values  polyroots ( p)   
 40.022 

h'1  h'values  mm h'1  40.022 mm

2

1 5
C  f  h'  w  1.601  10 N
2 c 1
2
 dbar 
T  10 π    n fc
 d  h'1  1.601  105 N
 2  h'1

T
fs_calc   203.832 MPa .... GREATER THAN 150 MPa .... NOT GOOD!
As .... Implies steel stress controls design
.... Reanalyze assuming maximum stress in the steel
.... i.e. find h' for fs = 150 MPa; call it h'2

2 2 2
 dbar 
T = 10 π 
 dbar 
  fs = 10 π 
 dbar 
  Esteel εs = 10 π    n Econcrete εc
 125  h'2
 2   2   2  h'2
or
2
 dbar  5
T  10 π    fs  1.178  10 N
 2 
2
 dbar  3 2
10 π    n  9.425  10  mm
 2 

T = 9425 fc_calc
 125  h'2
h'2
 1
C= f  h'  w
2 c_calc 2

1
 w  500 mm
2

Since C = T

500 h'2 = 9425

 125  h'2
h'2

2 2
 
9425 125  h'2  500 h'2 simplify  1178125  9425 h'2  500 h'2

or
2
 
f h'2  1178125  9425 h'2  500 h'2

 1178125 
p  f  h'2 coeffs   9425  .... coefficients of f(h')
 500 
 

 58.873 
h'values  polyroots ( p)   
 40.023 

h'2  h'values  mm h'2  40.023 mm

2

T
fc_calc   5.887 MPa .... < 8 MPa .... OKAY!!
1
 h'  w
2 2
1 5 5
C  f  h'  w  1.178  10 N T  1.178  10 N
2 c_calc 2

h'  h'2  40.023 mm

 h' 
Mallowable  C  d    13.155 kN m
 3

 h' 
T  d    13.155 kN m
 3
# : Derive general expressions for the deflection of the simply supported beam shown in
the figure. Assume EI = constant.

3 P x
0 x L M1 ( x) =
4 4

3 3 3 3  3 3
L  x  L M2 ( x) =  P L   P  x   L =  P L   P x
4 16 4  4  4 4

Boundary Conditions:

@ x = 0: v1 ( x) = 0

@ x = L: v2 ( x) = 0

Moment-Curvature for M1(x):

2 M1 ( x) P x
d
v1 ( x) = =
2 E I 4 E I
dx

 2
P x  P x
θ1 ( x) =    dx = c 
1 8 E I
  4 E I 



  P  x2  P x
3
v1 ( x) =    c1 dx = c2  c1 x 
  8 E I  24 E I


v1 ( 0) = 0 Therefore, c2 = 0

Moment-Curvature for M1(x):

d
2 M2 ( x) 3 P
v2 ( x) = =  P ( L  x)
2 E I 4 E I
dx
  2
  3 P  3 P ( L  x)
θ2 ( x) =   ( L  x) dx = c3 
  4 E I  8 E I



  3 P ( L  x) 2  2
3 P L  x 3 P L x
2
P x
3
v2 ( x) =    c3 dx = c4  c3 x   
  8 E I  8 E I 8 E I 8 E I

3 3 3
3 P L 3 P L P L
v2 ( L) = 0 Therefore, c4  c3 L    = 0
8 E I 8 E I 8 E I

3
P L
c4 =  c3 L
8 E I

Other Conditions - Continuity Conditions:

3  3 
θ1   L = θ2   L ... Eqn. 1
4  4 

2 2
3  P L 9 9 P L
θ1   L =   c1 =  c1
 4  8 E I 16 128 E I

2 2
3  3 P L 1 3 P L
θ2   L =    c3 =   c3
4  8 E I 16 128 E I

Thus,

2 2 2
9 P L 3 P L 12 P L
  c1  c3 =   c1  c3 = 0
128 E I 128 E I 128 E I

2
12 P L
c3 =   c1
128 E I

3  3 
v1   L = v2   L ... Eqn. 2
4  4 

3
3  3
v1   L = c1  L 
27 P L
4  4 1536 E I
 3 3 3 3
3  P L 3 9 P L 27 P L 27 P L
v2   L =  c3 L  c3  L   
 4  8.E I 4 32 E I 128 E I 512 E I

3
3  1 P L
v2   L = c3 L 
4  4 512 E I

Thus,

 3 3
3 27 P L 1 P L 
c1  L    c3 L  =0
4 1536 E I  4 512 E I 

3 L c1 L c3 3
L P
  = 0
4 4 64 E I

2
P L
3 c1  c3  = 0
16 E I

 2
P L 
c3 =  3 c1  
 16 E I 

Solving,

2
5P L
c1 =
128 E I

2
7 P L
c3 =
128 E I

3
9 P L
c4 =
128 E I

Giving,
2 3
3  5 P L P x
0 x L v1 ( x) =  x 
4 128 E I 24 E I

3  2 2 2 3
3 9 P L 7 P L 3 P L  3 P L x P x
L  x  L v2 ( x) =     x  
4 128 E I  128 E I 8 E I  8 E I 8 E I