555 Timer

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 Agenda
• Introduction
• Applications

•Monostable •Astable
Missing Pulse Detector FSK Generator
Linear Ramp Generator Pulse Position Modulator
Frequency Divider Schmitt Trigger
Pulse Width Modulator

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 Introduction
Highly Stable device for
generating time delay or
oscillation.
Can generate time delay
ranging from microsecond to
hours.
Voltage range from 4.5V to
15V. And can drive lode up to
200mA.

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 These 2 Voltages fix the necessary
comparator Vth and also aid in finding
timing interval.
R
SR FLIP
FLOP Q’
S

This Reset Overrides the effect of any

instruction coming to FF from LOWER
comparator.

Must be connected to 0.01uF between

Pin5 and GND to Bypass noise or ripple
from supply
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 Monostable
• When applying a negative-
going pulse to the trigger
(TRIG) sets the flip-flop (Q'
goes low), drives the output
high, and turns off Q1.
• Capacitor C then is charged
through RA until the voltage
across the capacitor reaches
the threshold voltage of the
threshold (THRES) input.
• If TRIG has returned to a
high level, the output of the
threshold comparator resets
the flip-flop (Q' goes high),
drives the output low, and
discharges C through Q1.
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•Applying a negative-going
trigger pulse simultaneously Cont…
to RESET and TRIG during
the timing interval
discharges C and reinitiates
the cycle, commencing on
the positive edge of the
reset pulse.
•The output is held low as
long as the reset pulse is
low.
•To prevent false triggering,
when RESET is not used, it
should
1/16/2018 be connected to ICVCC.
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 • This is a plot of the time
constant for various
Cont… values of RA and C. The
threshold levels and
charge rates both are
directly proportional to
the supply voltage, VCC.
• The timing interval is,
therefore, independent
of the supply voltage, so
long as the supply
voltage is constant
during the time interval.

T = 1.1 RAC Sec

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 Applications of Monostable

Missing Pulse Detector

Linear Ramp Generator
Frequency Divider
Pulse Width Modulator

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 Missing Pulse Detector
• The timing interval of the • The circuit can be
monostable circuit is
retriggered continuously by used to detect a
the input pulse train as long missing pulse or
as the pulse spacing is less
than the timing interval. abnormally long
• A longer pulse spacing, spacing between
missing pulse, or terminated consecutive
pulse train permits the
timing interval to be pulses in a train
completed, thereby of pulses.
generating an output pulse
as shown in Figure.
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 Linear Ramp Generator

constant current
source

• When the Timing resistor RA in the monostable circuit is

replaced by a constant current source, a linear ramp is
generated.
• Figure shows a circuit configuration that will perform this
function.
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 Cont…

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 Frequency Divider

• By adjusting the length of the timing cycle, the Monostable

circuit can be made to operate as a frequency divider.
• This circuit shows a divide-by-three circuit that makes use of
the fact that retriggering cannot occur during the timing cycle.
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 Pulse Width Modulator
• When the timer is
connected in the
monostable mode
and triggered with
a continuous pulse
train, the output
pulse width can be
modulated by a
signal applied to
pin 5.
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 Astable

• If the circuit
The external capacitoris
connected as shown
charges through RA +RinB
Figure (pins discharges
and 2 and 6
connected)
through RB. Thus it will
the
trigger itself and
duty cycle may free
be
run as a multivibrator.
precisely set by the
ratio of these two
resistors.
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 Cont…

The Duty Cycle (D) = T low/T (or) T2/T

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 Applications of Astable

FSK Generator
Pulse Position Modulator
Schmitt Trigger

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 FSK Generator
•When
• A timerthe input
IC 555 goesforLOW,
connected FSK
QM(Frequency-Shift-Keying)
is ON and it connects
generation is shown in Figure.
resistance Rc across
• The FSK method RA. data
transmits
•The effective the
by identifying resistance RA 1||
logic 0 and
by means of two preset
Rc frequencies.
in series with TheRBdigital
now forms
data
theinput frequency
charging path. is normally
150Hz. Here, when the input is
•Therefore,
HIGH, QM is OFF. the output
•frequency
This makes f2 isthe timer work in
normal astable mode with the
preset frequency defined by,

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 Pulse Position Modulator
••Diagram
This application
shows theuses
the timer connected
waveforms
for Astablegenerated
operation,
forasa triangle wave
in Diagram, with a
modulatingsignal.signal
modulation
again applied to the
control voltage
terminal.
• The pulse position
varies with the
modulating signal,
since the threshold
voltage and hence the
time delay is varied.

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 Schmitt Trigger

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