India's first mission to

Moon

A PROJECT ON

Chandrayaan
SUBMITTED TO
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BMM
DEGREE.

By

NAME:Raziya Sayed
CLASS: FY.BMM ,SEMESTER: II , Div: A , Roll No:43

STUDYING at
RIZVI EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE &
COMMERCE
 Bandra (WEST). Mumbai- 400050

Academic Year: 2008 - 2009

Declaration

I Raziya Sayed, a student of Class: Fy.Bmm ,

Semester: II, Div: A , Roll No. 43
Academic year 2008 – 2009 studying at Rizvi
College of Arts, Science & Commerce, hereby
declare that the work done on the project
entitled Chandrayaan is true and original and any
reference used in the project in the project is
duly acknowledged.

Date:________

Signature of the student

 Name: Raziya Sayed

"THE MOON” with the history of the early solar

system etched on it beckons mankind from time
immemorial to admire its marvels and discover its
secrets. Understanding the moon provides a
pathway to unravel the early evolution of the
solar system and that of the planet earth.

Through the ages, the Moon, our closest celestial

body has aroused curiosity in our mind much more
than any other objects in the sky. This led to
scientific study of the Moon, driven by human
desire and quest for knowledge. This is also
reflected in the ancient verse.
Sanskrit: चंदयान-१, Moon-vehicle pronunciation -
is India's first mission to the Moon launched by
India's national space agency the Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO). The unmanned
lunar exploration mission includes a lunar
orbiter and an impact or. India launched the
spacecraft by a modified version of the PSLV
C11 on 22 October 2008 from Satish Dhawan
Space Centre, Sriharikota, Nellore District,
Andhra Pradesh about 80 km north of Chennai
at 06:22 IST (00:52 UTC). The mission is a
major boost to India's space program, as India
competes with Asian nations China and Japan in
exploring the Moon. The vehicle was
successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8
November 2008.

On November 14, 2008, the Moon Impact Probe

separated from the Moon-orbiting Chandrayaan at
20:06 and impacted the lunar south pole in a
controlled manner, making India the fourth
country to place its flag on the Moon. The MIP
impacted near the crater Shackleton, at the lunar
south pole, at 20:31 on 14 November 2008
releasing subsurface debris that could be analysed
for presence of water ice.

The estimated cost for the project is Rs. 386

crore (US$ 80 million).

The remote sensing lunar satellite had a weight of

1,380 kilograms (3,042 lb) at launch and
675 kilograms (1,488 lb) in lunar orbit and carries
high resolution remote sensing equipment for
visible, near infrared, and soft and hard X-ray
frequencies. Over a two-year period, it is intended
to survey the lunar surface to produce a complete
map of its chemical characteristics and 3-
dimensional topography. The polar regions are of
special interest, as they might contain ice.The
lunar mission carries five ISRO payloads and six
payloads from other international space agencies
including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace
Agency, which were carried free of cost.[

Exploration of the moon got a boost with the

advent of the space age and the decades of sixties
and seventies saw a myriad of successful unmanned
and manned missions to moon. This was followed by
a hiatus of about one and a half-decade. During
this period we refined our knowledge about the
origin and evolution of the moon and its place as a
link to understand the early history of the Solar
System and of the earth.

However, new questions about lunar evolution also

emerged and new possibilities of using the moon as
a platform for further exploration of the solar
system and beyond were formulated. Moon again
became the prime target for exploration and a new
renaissance of rejuvenated interest dawned. All
the major space faring nations of the world
started planning missions to explore the moon and
also to utilize moon as a potential base for space
exploration.

The idea of undertaking an Indian scientific

mission to Moon was initially mooted in a meeting
of the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1999 that
was followed up by discussions in the Astronautical
Society of India in 2000. Based on the
recommendations made by the learned members of
these forums, a National Lunar Mission Task Force
was constituted by the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO). Leading Indian scientists and
technologists participated in the deliberations of
the Task Force that provided an assessment on
the feasibility of an Indian Mission to the Moon as
well as dwelt on the focus of such a mission and its
possible configuration.

The task force recommended that given the

technical expertise of ISRO it will be extreme
worthwhile to plan an Indian Mission to the Moon.
It also provided specific inputs such as the
primary scientific objectives of such a mission,
plausible instruments to meet these objectives,
launch and spacecraft technologies that need to
be developed and suggested the need for setting
up of a Deep Space Network (DSN) station in
India for communication with the lunar orbiting
spacecraft. The team also provided a provisional
budgetary estimate.

The Study Report of the Task Team was discussed

in April 2003 by a peer group of about 100
eminent Indian scientists representing various
fields of planetary & space sciences, earth
sciences, physics, chemistry, astronomy,
astrophysics and engineering and communication
sciences. After detailed discussions, it was
unanimously recommended that India should
undertake the Mission to Moon, particularly in view
of the renowned international interest on moon
with several exciting missions planned for the new
millennium. In addition, such a mission will provide
the needed thrust to basic science and engineering
research in the country including new challenges to
ISRO to go beyond the Geostationary orbit.
Further, such a project will also help bringing in
young talents to the arena of fundamental
research.
 Chandrayaan-1 lifts off on the PSLV-C11

Organization Indian Space Research Organization

Mission type Orbiter

Satellite of Moon

Orbital 12 November 2008

insertion date

Launch date 22 October 2008 from Sriharikota about 80 km north of Chennai,

India

Launch PSLV-C11[1]
vehicle

Mission 2 years
duration

NSSDC ID 2008-052A

Home page Chandrayaan-1

Mass 523 kg (1,153 lb)

Orbital elements

Eccentricity near circular

Inclination polar

Periapsis initial 500 km (311 mi), final 100 km (62 mi)

The Working Model of Chandrayaan-1

 Certificate
I Ms Pratima Sharma , hereby certify that
Ms. Raziya Sayed studying in Class FY.Bmm ,
Semester II,Div A , Roll No. 43
Academic Year 2008 -2009 at Rizvi college of
Arts, Science & Commerce has completed
project entitled Chandrayaan Under my
guidance.
To the best of my knowledge information
submitted in the project is original and
authentic.

Signature: Signature:
Name: Name:
Project Co-ordinator BMM Co- ordinator

PRINCIPAL