Kata Log

SOIL IMPROVEMENT: METHODS TO ENHANCE SOFT GROUND CONDITIONS
PUBLISHED 6 TIMES A YEAR
EST. 1984
THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP FOUNDATIONS MAY/JUN 2017

AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION MAGAZINE VOLUME 33, ISSUE 3
By Mark Rice, Esq.
CONSTRUCTION
INSURANCE
— A GUIDE FOR THE CONTRACTOR
PLUS
TRENCHING AND EXCAVATION DREDGING EQUIPMENT CONCRETE POURING
OSHA Standards for Safety Uses and Limitations of Dredge Types W.E. Couplings Ltd.’s Tremie Equipment
Model 400 Vibratory
APE
Driver/Extractor
Only from APE
Shown on Quad Kong Project
Eccentric Moment:
11,500 in-lbs
VIBROS
Drive Force at Rated Frequency:
297.6 tons
Max Line Pull:
234 tons
Max Bare Hammer Weight:
31,570 lb
The most durable, dependable

Vibratory Driver/Extractors at
work in today’s industry.
Model 200-6 Vibratory

Driver/Extractor
Only from APE
As shown with quad clamp system
Eccentric Moment:
6,600 in-lbs
Drive Force at Rated Frequency:
255.1 tons
Max Line Pull:
185 tons
Max Bare Hammer Weight:
18,900 lb
Call for more information:

www.apevibro.com (800) 248-8498
APE
QUALITY
APE vibros outperform other vibros in their class.
Patented breakthrough suppressor cuts down

weight while increasing line pull.
Hydraulic motors are recessed which

eliminates the need for bolted on guards.
Less parts - less problems.
More pulling ability than other comparable vibros.
Giant spherical bearings are five times larger

than those found on other machines.
IVING E
DR
CAN PILE
QU
IP
MENT
RI
IN
C. AME
APE vibros are used by more

contractors than any other. Why?
APE SERVICE
Are you one of those people
who think of a galvanized
steel swizzle stick at the
mention of helical piles?
If so, we hope to help
you change your thinking.
Yes, a galvanized steel helical pile swizzle stick would probably be a nifty
little promotional item, but let’s talk business. IDEAL is serious about high
capacity helical pipe piles. Over 10 years ago we produced the piles for
the tallest building known to have been built on helical piles and since
then, we have continued to lead the industry.
IDEAL manufactures helical pipe piles for loads up to 500 tons. View
high capacity helical pipe piles case studies at goo.gl/k8bY64 or call us at
800-789-4810 and talk to a real person.
We look forward to being your IDEAL Group.
Strong Foundations Start with Service Steel
The ESZ range of hot rolled steel sheet piling NOW in grade 65 steel
a 30% increase in strength.

(Over grade 50)
Grade 30% harder steel.
65
steel
= (Ideal for multiple re-use or for hard driving)
30% longer design life.

(Design to grade 50 but use grade 65
increase durability by 30%)
The ability to use a lighter sheet pile

to carry the same loading.
Larssen Interlock
ESZ19-700
Exclusive ESZ sheet piles
from Service Steel Warehouse
Products and Services available from Service Steel

Hot Rolled ESZ Steel Sheet Piling Channel Walings Fabrication
Cold Formed Steel Sheet Piling Wide Flange Beams Galvanizing
Combined Wall Systems Design Guidance and Cut to Length
Pipe Piling System Configuration Cambering
Tie-Rod Anchor Systems Coatings T-Splitting
See table on reverse side. Servicesteel.org Contact Gerry McShane at 713-210-9323

SERVICE STEEL SHEET PILING
ESZ 19-700
9.5 9.5
0.375
0.375
9.5 Larssen Interlock

16.57 9.5
421 0.375 0.375
9.5 9.5
0.375 0.375
27.56 27.56
700 700
55.12
1400
Thickness Mass Coating Area Radius

Elastic Cross
Width Height Moment Both of
Flange Web Section Sectional Wall
Sheet Pile (w) (h) Pile Wall of Inertia Sides of Gyra-
(tf ) (tw) Modulus Area Surface
Section Single tion
in in in in lb/ft lb/ft² In³/ft In4/ft In²/ft ft²/ft ft²/ft² In
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (kg/m²) (cm³/m) (cm4/m) (cm²/m) (m²/m) (m²/m²) (cm)
ESZ 17 24.80 14.72 0.335 0.335 46.91 22.69 31.1 229.2 6.67 5.58 1.35 5.86
630 374 8.5 8.5 69.81 110.8 1670 31300 141.2 1.70 1.35 14.89
ESZ 18 24.80 14.76 0.375 0.375 51.07 24.72 33.6 247.9 7.26 5.58 1.35 5.84
630 375 9.5 9.5 76.00 120.7 1805 33850 153.7 1.70 1.35 14.84
ESZ 19 24.80 14.8 0.413 0.413 55.24 26.73 36.1 266.6 7.86 5.58 1.35 5.83
630 376 10.5 10.5 82.20 130.5 1940 36410 166.3 1.70 1.35 14.80
24.80 14.82 0.433 0.433 57.32 27.75 37.3 276.3 8.16 5.58 1.35 5.82
ESZ 20
630 377 11.0 11.0 85.40 135.6 2004 37734 172.8 1.70 1.35 14.78
27.56 16.54 0.335 0.335 49.73 21.65 32.27 266.26 6.36 6.04 1.31 6.47
ESZ 17-700 700 420 8.5 8.5 74.0 105.7 1735 36360 134.6 1.84 1.31 16.43
ESZ 18-700 27.56 16.54 0.354 0.354 52.01 22.65 33.57 277.46 6.66 6.04 1.31 6.45
700 420 9.0 9.0 77.4 110.6 1805 37890 140.9 1.84 1.31 16.40
27.56 16.57 0.375 0.375 54.29 23.64 34.88 288.67 6.95 6.04 1.31 6.44
ESZ 19-700
700 421 9.5 9.5 80.8 115.4 1875 39420 147.1 1.84 1.31 16.37
ESZ 19-700- 27.56 16.57 0.394 0.394 56.51 24.62 36.08 299.21 7.23 6.04 1.31 6.43
10/10 700 421 10.0 10.0 84.1 120.2 1940 40860 153.1 1.84 1.31 16.34
27.56 16.61 0.413 0.413 58.80 25.60 37.39 310.34 7.53 6.04 1.31 6.42
ESZ 20-700 700 422 10.5 10.5 87.5 125.0 2010 42380 159.3 1.84 1.31 16.31
ESZ 24-700 27.56 18.07 0.472 0.354 60.14 26.19 45.3 409.1 7.7 6.30 1.37 7.29
700 459 12.0 9.0 89.50 127.90 2435 55870 162.9 1.92 1.37 18.52
ESZ 26-700 27.56 18.11 0.512 0.394 64.98 28.29 48.4 438.0 8.32 6.30 1.37 7.26
700 460 13.0 10.0 96.70 138.10 2600 59810 176.0 1.92 1.37 18.44
ESZ 28-700 27.56 18.14 0.551 0.433 69.82 30.40 51.4 466.8 8.93 6.30 1.37 7.23
700 461 14.0 11.0 103.90 148.40 2763 63750 189.1 1.92 1.37 18.36
servicesteel.org
SteelGiantMarket.com
List construction equipment, services and materials.
USED SHEET PILE / STEEL FOR SALE:

PZ35 DBLS 11'–0" to 20'–0" Long PZC26 DBLS 15'–0" to 25'–0" Long
SKZ24 DBLS 19'–0" to 43'–0" Long PS27.5 x 50'–0" Long
SKZ24 Singles 20'–0" to 40'–0" Long Plus a huge inventory of used structural steel!
USED PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT FOR SALE:
2015 Bermingham B-64

Diesel Impact Hammer with
Hydraulic Trip, Unit will be 1956 Vulcan Vulcan
sold with 31" Guide Bell. 15,000 ft/lbs (Air/Steam 7,260 ft/lbs (Air/Steam Conmaco 160
Excellent shape and ready to Hammer) 60 Blows per Hammer) 70 Blows per 48,750 ft/lbs (Air/Steam
work. S/N# 15-007-B64. minute. S/N# 4070. Contact minute. S/N# 3141. Contact Hammer). S/N# 70114
Contact for price. (Pittsfield, ME) for price. (Pittsfield, ME) for price. (Pittsfield, ME) Contact for price. (Pittsfield, ME)
2003 Leads
36" Throat x 8" Rail, 1ea 40'–0" Tapered
Top, 1ea 40'–0" Mid w/ sheeves, 1ea
40'–0" Mid with hydraulic guides, 1ea
Vulcan 506 ICE 225 40'–0" Mid, 2ea 16'–0" Mid, 1ea 16'–0"
13,000–32,500 ft/lbs Vari-Cycle Hydraulic Spotter Includes ICE 28 Hyd Mid with Hydraulic Guides, 1ea 8'–0"
(Air/Steam Hammer). S/N# HE2526 Power Pack. S/N#111 Stabber section with gate.
Contact for price. (Pittsfield, ME) Contact for price. (Pittsfield, ME) Contact for price. (Pittsfield, ME)
Call Barry at 207-679-2218 for pricing and availability.

All inventory subject to final count and availability at time of order.
CONTENTSVOL.33 NO.3 2017 | THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP FOUNDATIONS AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION MAGAZINE
Leipzig, Germany. 7th Apr, 2015. A vibrating device

works on the site of the Harth canal between Lakes
Conspudener and Zwenkauer. Vibro compaction is
used to densify the ground for the future canal.
Overall, five vibrating devices on a total area of
70.000 square meters brought about 14,000 vibrated
stone columns to a maximum depth of 25 meters.
Photo Credit: Jan Woitas/dpa/Alamy Live News.
COVER STORY PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT INDUSTRY NEWS

74 CONSTRUCTION INSURANCE 28 DREDGING EQUIPMENT GUIDE 100 LATEST HAPPENINGS FROM:
A Guide for the Contractor The Moles and Soilmec
PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT
JOB STORY 48 TREMIE EQUIPMENT IN EVERY ISSUE
14 A NEW 8 STORY BUILDING 10 EDITOR’S NOTE
AT 211 MCGUINNESS BLVD. FEATURE 12 FEATURED PHOTO
WILL STAND ON STELCOR 50 TRENCHING AND 104 DIRECTORY ADS
Brooklyn, NY EXCAVATION SAFETY 108 STEEL GIANT MARKETPLACE
116 ADVERTISER INDEX
18 NICHOLSON TAKES ON 54 SOIL IMPROVEMENT
CSO CONSTRUCTION
WORK IN MISSOURI
St. Louis, MO
pilebuck.com | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | Pile Buck Magazine 7

THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP FOUNDATIONS
AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION MAGAZINE
Sarah Milstead Don C. Warrington, P.E.

President and Publisher Consultant
Alex Smoot Albert Banguilan Jr.
Managing Editor Graphic Design
Donald Lawson Sallee Arnoff
Marketing Coordinator Editing
Dr. Richard J. Hartman, P.E. Erik Pisor
Consultant Staff Writer
Mailing Address P.O. Box 64-3609

Vero Beach, FL
USA 32964
Telephone (772) 492-1056
Office Fax (722) 539-7102
Toll Free 866-573-0708
Website www.pilebuck.com
ADVERTISE IN THE NEXT ISSUE

OF PILE BUCK MAGAZINE
CALL (866) 573-0708 TODAY!
© Copyright 2017. Pile Buck International, Inc. The information provided in the Pile
Buck pages is provided in good faith, but the corporation Pile Buck International, Inc.
disclaims any responsibility for any loss suffered by any person as a result of on any
information provided herein. These materials have been prepared to provide general
information only. Changes are made periodically to the Material and Material could
include technical inaccuracies. The information is provided and referred to “AS IS”
and without warranty of any kind. Pile Buck International expressly disclaims all
warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to the implied warranties
of quality or accuracy or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Pile
Buck International does not warrant that the information contained in the Material
can be relied upon. Pile Buck International does not warrant or make any represen-
tations regarding the use or the results of the use of the Material. To the maximum
extent permitted by the law, Pile Buck International, Inc. and each author disclaims
any liability to any person arising out of any action or failure to act by that person
using or relying on any Materials from this newspaper. Unless otherwise expressly
indicated copyright subsisting in Material under our name Pile Buck is owned by Pile
Buck International. Other than for the purposes of and subject to the conditions pre-
scribed under the Copyright Act 1968 and any other applicable legislation throughout
the world, or as otherwise provided for in this copyright notice, no part of any Mate-
rial on this site may in any form or by any means (including electronic, mechani-
cal, microcopying, photocopying or recording) be reproduced, adapted, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted without the prior written permission of the copyright
owner. Pile Buck International logo is protected by laws governing intellectual prop-
erty. Pile Buck logo must not be used by you or by any other person expect as part of
any authorized reproduction of the Material as set out above. You must not modify,
or permit the modification, of Pile Buck’s logo in any way.
Pile Wall ^ĞĐƟŽŶ DŽŵĞŶƚ
^ĞĐƟŽŶ Width Height dŚŝĐŬŶĞƐƐ Weight Weight DŽĚƵůƵƐ ŽĨ/ŶĞƌƟĂ
in in in ůďͬŌ ůďͬŌ2 in3ͬŌ in4ͬŌ
NZ 14 30.31 13.39 0.375 55 21.77 25.65 171.7

NZ 19 27.56 16.14 0.375 55 24.05 35.08 283.1
NZ 20 27.56 16.16 0.394 57 24.82 36.24 292.8
NZ 21 27.56 16.20 0.433 61 26.56 38.69 313.4
NZ 26 27.56 17.32 0.500 71 30.99 48.50 419.9
NZ 28 27.56 17.38 0.560 78 33.96 52.62 457.4
ƐĂƉƌĞŵŝĞƌƐƚĞĞůĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐƵƉƉůŝĞƌŶŽǁŽīĞƌŝŶŐEƐŚĞĞƚƐŝŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽŽƵƌ
extensive product line, Skyline Steel is the ideal partner for your next project.
Visit www.skylinesteel.com/nz or call 888.450.4330.
ΞϮϬϭϳ^ŬǇůŝŶĞ^ƚĞĞů͕>>͘^ŬǇůŝŶĞ^ƚĞĞůŝƐĂǁŚŽůůǇͲŽǁŶĞĚƐƵďƐŝĚŝĂƌǇŽĨEƵĐŽƌŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƌŽĨƐƚĞĞůŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘
EDITOR’S NOTE
Know Your Insurance

On the night of May 20, 2017, a massive landslide hit Highway 1 in Big Sur, CA, sending more than a million tons of
rock and dirt across the highway.
Visible from space, a 40-foot layer of rubble now covers the iconic highway. According to the California
department of transportation (Caltrans), this record landslide could close the highway for a year, not to mention
the millions of dollars in repairs.
As many of our readers already know, California is at extreme risk of landslides. According to Thomas Stanley, a
geologist and researcher for NASA, “Much of the California coastline is prone to collapse, so it’s fortunate that this
landslide happened in an unpopulated location.”
But what if it hadn’t? What if your equipment or, God forbid, your workers were in the path of an unexpected
disaster such as this landslide?
We never know for certain what

the future holds, but in an industry
were accidents occur on a regular
basis, it’s imperative that we know
our options to minimize all the bad
“L” words — loss, litigation, lawyers
and limitations or exclusions on
insurance coverage.
Unless you trust your broker and

controller as you would your
spiritual leader, we suggest you
take a look at this issue’s cover
story. Mark Rice, a construction law
expert, has composed a guide and
The California coastline from space. April 20th: before landslide. May 17th: smaller landslide.
checklist just for you. May 22nd: larger landslide. Photo Credit: Joshua Stevens/NASA
Alex Smoot, Editor

alex@pilebuck.com
10 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

High modulus
combined steel wall
solutions for failing port
and marine infrastructure
855-JD-FIELDS
FEATURED PHOTO

Turin, Italy - June 4, 2010:
Tunnel boring machine at
construction site of metro.
Photo Credit: Mike Dotta
Send us your photo for

consideration in a future
Pile Buck issue.

JOB STORY
ARCHITECT:
Gene Kaufman Architect PC
New York, NY
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER:
Gene Kaufman Architect PC
New York, NY
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER:
AECOM, New York, NY
and Geotechnical Engineering
Services, P.C., Elmsford, New York
LOADS:
150 tons allowable compression
75 tons allowable tension
1 ton allowable lateral
ANTICIPATED TEST LOAD: 300 tons
ACTUAL TEST LOAD: 300 tons
SPECIFICATIONS:
7" pile shaft
.498" W.T. 80 ksi
16" corrugated grout column
18" tip or drive plate
39.8 ft. bond length
25 psi acheived bond
By Bruce Stroyer
A NEW 8 STORY BUILDING

AT 211 McGUINNESS BLVD.
WILL STAND ON STELCOR
Brooklyn, NY

WHAT CAN VTL DO FOR YOU?
150’
CFA
1 Stroke
STELCOR DDM ELIMINATED THE NEED

FOR EXCESSIVE DEWATERING AND
LONG INSTALL TIMES. PILE INSTALL
WENT FROM AN ANTICIPATED 600 Ferguson Avenue North
2 PILES PER DAY, TO 10. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 4Z9
Tel: 1.905.528.7924 Fax: 1.905.528.6187
Toll Free: 1.800.668.9432 (in Canada and USA)
www.berminghammer.com
Email: bfssales@berminghammer.com

JOB STORY
OVERVIEW introduced as an alternate,

there were two options for
The PIPE MILL with FAST SERVICE An 8 story mixed use pile installation; excessive
building designed by Gene dewatering or install the
3URGXFLQJ Kaufman is currently going pile, excavate, and cut-off.
24”-192” OD up at 211 McGuinness Blvd.
.312”-2.00” Wall in the Greenpoint neigh- SOLUTION
Lengths up to 120 ft. borhood of Brooklyn. The
Straight Seam - DSAW 800-821-3475 anticipated install rate of Using the proprietary
20 ft. Lengths in Stock the originally specified mi- below-grade drive tool
Fax: 815-964-0045
PipeSales@ArntzenCorp.com cropile was 2 piles per day. from Ideal, the need for
There were a total of 340 dewatering was eliminated.
RAMMING QUALIT Y micropiles on this project. The 340 STELCOR DDM
TM
Shipping Nationwide and Canada
micropiles were installed to
CHALLENGE 120,000 ft. lbs. using a Dig-
ga MD160 drive motor. The
The greatest challenge piles were installed at a rate
with this project was the of 10 per day as opposed
high water table and the to the anticipated 2 piles
significant costs that would per day with the originally
be associated with excessive specified micropile. The
dewatering. The tops of the elimination of dewatering
piles were 4' to 6' below the costs and the accelerated
water table. Before the Stel- install times resulted in
cor DDM (Drilled-In Dis- significant benefits to all
placement Micropile) was parties involved.

Be more productive. Get cut-to-length and

spliced-to-length tubular products in sizes up to 24” O.D. from
inventory. LALLY is America’s largest single source of New Secondary,
Structural, and Limited Service Tubular Products and customized
solutions.
Be more competitive. Get pricing

rici
cin
ci
ing from around
$600 NT. LALLY has enormous inventories on handndd for
for quick delivery
from our very own full-service yards in AL, AR,, KY,
KY, OH and TX.
Grab a coffee and call

cal
al
ll 1-800-533-6835,
1-80
00-533-6835,
e-mail RNorthfield@LallyPipe.com and visit LallyPipe.com.
lyP
Pipe.com.
ip
ip
JOB STORY
By Jill Bejger-Frederick
NICHOLSON TAKES ON CSO

CONSTRUCTION WORK IN MISSOURI
St. Louis, MO

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(TXLSSHG
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ĂĚǀĂŶĐŝŶŐͬƌŽƚĂƟŶŐĐĂƐŝŶŐĂŶĚĚƌŝůůŝŶŐ

WŚŽŶĞ͗;ϵϬϴͿͲϵϵϲͲϮϮϬϬ&Ăǆ͗;ϵϬϴͿͲϵϲϲͲϰϯϮϲ
ŵĂŝů͗ŝŶĨŽΛƉƌĞĐŝƐŝŽŶĚƌŝůů͘ĐŽŵ
JOB STORY
icholson Con-
N
struction Com-
MALINE CREEK IS PART OF MEGA-CSO PROGRAM PROJECT
pany has been
a part of some CLEAR, WHICH INCLUDES CSO STORAGE AND NINE CONVEYANCE
of the country’s TUNNELS THAT WILL TOTAL MORE THAN 27 MILES WHEN
largest combined
sewer overflow (CSO) COMPLETED AND IS THE DISTRICT’S $4.7 BILLION EFFORT TO
construction projects. In REDUCE WATER POLLUTION AND ALLEVIATE WASTEWATER
Ohio, we installed multiple
secant pile walls at the Dug-
CONCERNS WITHIN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AREA.
way project and in Nebraska,
we constructed a diaphragm
wall at the Missouri River Over 770 cities across the when completed and is the in Great Britain, Bachy So-
Waste Water Treatment United States are dealing District’s $4.7 billion effort letanche, to quickly and
Plant. Recently, our expert with aging CSOs, accord- to reduce water pollution successfully construct two
geotechnical construction ing to the Environmental and alleviate wastewater well-formed and water-tight
crew completed work on Protection Agency, and concerns within the Mis- secant pile structures that
a similar project for the the Metropolitan St. Louis sissippi River area. The provided temporary earth
Maline Creek CSO Storage Sewer District is the fourth federally-mandated project support and groundwater
Facility in Missouri. The fa- largest. Maline Creek is is scheduled to take 23 years. cutoff for a shaft and a large
cility, which will eventually part of mega-CSO program As a partner for general support of excavation box.
collect CSO from three out- Project Clear, which in- contractor SAK-Goodwin Typically, secant piles
falls, is located in northern cludes CSO storage and nine JV, Nicholson Construction are installed by drilling the
St. Louis within the Bissell conveyance tunnels that Company drew on the expe- pile using segmental casing
Point Service Area. will total more than 27 miles rience of their sister company with 10-15 foot long pipes.

QUALITY
RUNS DEEP
The oldest,
most trusted &
most experienced
earth anchoring
company in
the world.
AD_04_117_E
ENDURING PRODUCTS & PEOPLE

YOU CAN DEPEND ON
hubbellpowersystems.com/abchance
JOB STORY
Nicholson Construction completing secant pile

shaft at Maline Creek in St. Louis for Project Clear.

PVE VIBRATORY HAMMERS WITH VARIABLE MOMENT:
SAFE TO USE IN HYDRAULIC

BOOM CRANES
SUITABLE FOR URBAN AREAS
SALES - RENTAL - SUPPORT

OF FOUNDATION EQUIPMENT
VIBRATORY HAMMERS PILING RIGS PVE Equipment USA Inc.

5011 Vernon Road
HYDRAULIC POWER PACKS DRILLING RIGS
Jacksonville, FL 32209
IMPACT HAMMERS PDS TYPE RIGS info@pve-equipment.com
(904) 765-6686
ROTARY HEADS MULTI PURPOSE RIGS
AUGER CLEANERS www.pve-equipment.com
www.impacthammers.com
Member of
JOB STORY
The material inside the pipe piles were drilled to create
is augered out, more pipe the 44-foot diameter cir- INSTEAD OF THE TRADITIONAL METHOD,
is added and the process is cular shaft, and then (114)
repeated. Instead of the tra- 880-mm secant piles were NICHOLSON USED THE CASED CONTINUOUS
ditional method, Nicholson drilled to create the braced FLIGHT AUGER (CASED CFA) METHOD,
used the Cased Continuous support of excavation box.
IMPLEMENTING THE USE SPECIALIZED
Flight Auger (Cased CFA) The concrete used to form
method, implementing the the secant piles was critical EQUIPMENT SO THE PIPE COULD BE
use specialized equipment their success. Thorough test- DRILLED IN ONE SINGLE STROKE WITHOUT
so the pipe could be drilled ing was done on location to
in one single stroke without verify and confirm the flow-
HAVING TO REMOVE THE AUGER.
having to remove the auger. ability, stability and slump
The decision to use these characteristics.
solutions and methods was Both structures were Nicholson has extensive Rock Tunnel Connector
based on site-specific crite- drilled approximately 50 experience with multiple (DRTC) project in Indiana
ria that had eliminated other feet to top of rock to ulti- techniques in CSO con- (diaphragm wall.)
options like steel sheet piles mately serve as temporary struction. The company Project Clear kicked off in
or diaphragm walls. earth support and ground- has previously provided summer of 2012, and since
The secant piles were water cutoff. In addition, the geotechnical construction then approximately 36 sewer
drilled through 3 to 4 foot box structure also required solutions for the OARS overflows have been elimi-
deep guide walls, which help the installation of (4) seven project in Ohio (cutter soil nated. The Maline Creek
maintain the geometry and foot diameter jet grout col- mixing, diaphragm wall, part of the project is esti-
verticality of the piles. Using umns beneath an existing jet grouting), McCook mated to take five years, and
a Bauer BG 39 rig, (78) 880- sewer to support it during Reservoir in Illinois (grout Nicholson’s work wrapped
mm primary and secondary excavation. curtain) and the Deep up last fall.
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Section Sec.mod. Mom.of In. Width Height Thickness Weight Weight Coating area Coating
Single, area
flange web both sides
in³/ft in4/ft inch inch inch inch lbs/ft lbs/ft² ft²/ft ft²/ ft²
4
cm³/m cm /m mm mm mm mm kg/m kg/m² m²/m m²/m
31.1 229.2 24.80 14.72 0.335 0.335 46.9 22.7 5.43 1.32
"'
1,670 31,300 630 374 8.5 8.5 69.8 110.8 1.66 1.32
33.6 247.9 24.80 14.76 0.375 0.375 51.1 24.7 5.43 1.32
"'
1,805 33,850 630 375 9.5 9.5 76.0 120.7 1.66 1.32
36.1 266.6 24.80 14.76 0.413 0.413 55.2 26.7 5.43 1.32
"'
1,940 36,410 630 375 10.5 10.5 82.2 130.5 1.66 1.32
45.3 409.1 27.56 18.07 0.472 0.354 60.1 26.2 6.61 1.44
"'

2,435 55,870 700 459 12.0 9.0 89.5 127.9 2.02 1.44
48.4 438.0 27.56 18.11 0.512 0.394 65.0 28.3 6.61 1.44
"'

2,600 59,810 700 460 13.0 10.0 96.7 138.1 2.02 1.44
51.4 466.8 27.56 18.15 0.551 0.433 69.8 30.4 6.61 1.44
"'

2,765 63,750 700 461 14.0 11.0 103.9 148.4 2.02 1.44
More sections will be available soon.
+:&35/&1(.23,<)+$"
+:50+(266(0+63,<)+
T. +1 866 313 8770
(/0(2*6(0+63,<)+ E. info@meever.us WWW.MEEVER.US
PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
19th Century Steam Dredger

By Erik Pisor
DREDGING
EQUIPMENT GUIDE

PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
he process of
T
removing loose to
compacted sedi-
ments and debris
from the bottom
of lakes, rivers,
and harbors is paramount to
the maintenance and expan-
sion of navigation channels.
The dredging of various
bodies of water can also be
utilized to reduce fish, wild-
life, and people’s exposure to
in-water contaminants.
What follows is an in- Self-propelled seagoing hopper dredge.
depth discussion of the
equipment used for dredging
projects throughout the U.S. HOPPER DREDGES ARE MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN
— with a focus on application
and operation — along with EXCAVATING LOOSE, UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIALS
the advantages and limita- THAT FORM SHOALS FOLLOWING THE COMPLETION
tions of each dredge type.
When selecting dredging OF INITIAL DREDGING.
equipment for a project, any
marine contractor, govern-
ment agency, or port district large centrifugal dredge materials that form shoals upland sites, as open-water
must initially determine: pumps, and other specialty following the completion of disposal is often limited or
} The physical character- equipment. Fitted with twin initial dredging. forbidden.
istics of material to be propellers and twin rud-
dredged. ders, this ship is adequate OPERATION ADVANTAGES
} The quantities of material for free-running speed and During operations, hopper AND LIMITATIONS
to be dredged. dredging against strong dredges travel at a ground } Hopper dredges can move
} The dredging depth. currents. speed of 2 to 3 mph and can quickly to different proj-
} The distance to a Known for its excellent dredge in depths ranging ects and disposal sites, and
disposal area. maneuverability in rough from 10 feet to more than 80 represent the only type of
} The physical environ- open seas, these dredges are feet, with dredging achieved dredge that can economi-
ments of the dredging and classified according to their via progressive traverses cally work in rough, open
disposal areas, along with hopper capacity: over an area. water. Their method of
the environments of the } Large Class – Capacities of The dredge’s suction operation produces usable
areas in between. 6,000 cubic yards or more. pipes, dubbed dragarms, are channel improvements
} The contamination level } Medium Class – moved along the channel almost immediately fol-
of sediments. Capacities of 2,000 to bottom as the vessel moves. lowing the commencement
} The disposal method to 6,000 cubic yards. Dredged material is sucked of operations.
be utilized. } Small Class – Capacities of up the pipe and deposited in } A hopper dredge’s deep
} The overall production 500 to 2,000 cubic yards. the vessel’s hoppers. When draft restricts it from use
required. fully loaded, hopper dredges in shallow water, this
Hopper dredges are travel to a disposal site to including barge channels
HOPPER DREDGES primarily used for mainte- unload, this being accom- and piers. The dredge
nance dredging in exposed plished through opening is also restricted from
Self-propelled seagoing harbors and shipping chan- doors in the bottoms of the continuous operation and
ships ranging in length from nels, namely where traffic hoppers or by pumping the excavates with less preci-
180 feet to 550 feet, hopper and operating conditions dredged material to upland sion than other dredge
dredges feature molded negate the use of stationary disposal sites. Typically, types. The dredge has dif-
hulls and the lines of typical dredges. Hopper dredges are most hopper dredges have ficulty handling side banks
ocean vessels, along with most effective when exca- a direct pump-out capabil- of hard-packed sand and
sizable sediment containers, vating loose, unconsolidated ity for disposal in confined consolidated clay material.

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PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
Mayfield, Newcastle, Australia. Creating a new harbour — deepening and creating a

quay wall in one go. “The DOP250 dredge pump has proven to be the perfect solution to
the project’s dredge requirements, with the performance of the cutter unit particularly
exceeding all expectations.” Contractor: Waterways Constructions. Photo Credit: DAMEN.

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PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
Hydraulic pipeline cutterhead dredge.
CUTTERHEAD DREDGES the port spud. The dredge silt, sand, and gravel — on a these dredges maintain the
is then swung back to the nearly continuous operating navigation channels of the
Known for their efficiency starboard side of the cut cycle. Larger cutterhead uncontrolled open reaches
and versatility, cutterhead centerline, before the port dredges can handle rock- of the Mississippi, Missouri,
suction dredges perform spud is lowered and the like formations, including and Ohio Rivers.
most of the dredging work starboard spud is lifted to coral, and softer types of This dredge maintains
in the U.S. Equipped with advance the dredge. basalt and limestone without the width and depth of these
a rotating cutter apparatus Excavated material is then blasting. rivers’ navigation channels
that surrounds the intake disposed of in open water or As previously noted, these via a series of parallel cuts
end of a suction pipe, these in confined disposal areas dredges have only a limited through shoal areas. It uses
dredges can dig and pump upland or in water. When capability in open-water a widely-flared dredging
all types of alluvial materials disposing of material in open areas, as they are sensitive head with mounted pres-
and compacted deposits. water, a floating discharge to large waves. Additionally, sure water jets that loosen
They are also noted for their pipeline is required. If conventional models are not and agitate the sediments,
ability to pump material upland disposal is utilized, self-propelled and require which are captured in the
long distances to upland additional sections of shore the utilization of large tow- dustpan head as the dredge
disposal areas. pipeline are required. boats to move them between is winched forward into the
The cutterhead dredge is Pipeline transport distances project locations. excavation.
suitable for maintaining har-
bors, canals, and outlet chan-
nels where wave heights are
smaller than two to three feet FIRST DEVELOPED TO MAINTAIN NAVIGATION ON THE
in height. If utilized in wavy MISSISSIPPI RIVER DURING LOW RIVER STAGES, DUSTPAN
conditions, the dredge will be
forced into the sediment, cre-
DREDGES CAN OPERATE IN SHALLOW WATER, BUT ARE
ating excessive shock loads on LARGE ENOUGH TO EXCAVATE A NAVIGATION CHANNEL IN
the ladder.
A RELATIVELY SHORT TIME.
OPERATION
During operation, the
cutterhead dredge swings can range over up to three DUSTPAN DREDGES The dredge utilizes a
from side to side alternately, miles, with transport dis- low-head, high-capacity cen-
using its port and starboard tances for commercial land First developed to trifugal pump because the
spuds as a pivot, with cables reclamation extending up to maintain navigation on the material excavated is raised
attached to anchors on 15 miles. Mississippi River during only a few feet above the
each side controlling lat- low river stages, dustpan water surface and pumped a
eral movement. ADVANTAGES dredges can operate in short distance. Dredged ma-
Forward movement is AND LIMITATIONS shallow water, but are terial is typically discharged
achieved by lowering the These dredges can large enough to excavate into open water adjacent to
starboard spud, following excavate a wide range of a navigation channel in a the navigation channel via
the port swing, and raising materials — including clay, relatively short time. Today, a pipeline.

PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
OPERATION hauling winch cables. The
The dredge first moves propelling engines can then ADVANCES IN DREDGING TECHNOLOGY
to a point roughly 500 feet be used to assist in maneu- Through the years, the need for specialized solutions to
upstream of the upper limit vering the dredge clear of individual and more common dredge-related challenges has
of the dredging area. Two the channel. The vessel is equated to many advancements in dredging technology. These
hauling anchors are then held in position by lowering upgrades have typically aimed to increase production, minimize
set, with hauling, crossed the suction head or by low- material resuspension, extend hull length, and increase dredge
winch cables attached to ering a spud. swing and depth.
the anchors.
Specific advancements in dredging efficiency include:
The dredge is then moved ADVANTAGES
t Ladder-mounted submerged pumps
downstream to the desired lo- AND LIMITATIONS
t Updated dredging heads
cation. Once the suction head This dredge is self-
t The use of spud barges aft of dredges
is lowered to the required propelled and thus can move
t Longer ladders connected further aft on dredge hulls
depth, the dredge pump and quickly over long distances
t Tandem pump systems
water jet pumps are turned to locations where emergen-
t Improved hull designs with liquid stabilizing systems
on and dredging commences. cies occur. The dredge’s
t Improved production instrumentation used to measure
The dredge is moved for- attendant plant and pipeline
monitor flow rates, densities, and cumulative production
ward by the hauling cables are designed for quick as-
t Improved navigation, positioning, and bottom profiling
with the rate of movement sembly, enabling work to
instrumentation
depending on the materials commence a few hours after
t Closed-bucket modifications
being dredged, the depth arrival to a work site.
t Depth and swing indicators for mechanical dredges
of dredging, currents, and Dustpan dredges are not
t Use of silt curtains during dredging and open-water disposal
wind. In shallow cuts, the well suited for transport-
advance may up to 800 feet ing material long distances
per hour. to upland disposal sites,
Once the upstream end as pumping distances are same types of materials as a conditions often prevail
of the cut is achieved, the limited to roughly 1,000 hopper dredge. in these shallow inlets,
suction head is raised and feet without the use of Instead of collecting with dredging operations
the dredge is moved back booster pumps. material in hoppers onboard controlled by steering the
downstream to make a The pipeline system and the vessel, this dredge vessel on predetermined
parallel cut. This operation rigid ladder used with this picks up material through ranges through a project’s
is repeated until the desired dredge make it effective two dragarms and pumps alignment.
dredging widths and depths only in rivers or sheltered the material directly over-
are achieved. If obstacles waters. board through an elevated OPERATION
During the dredging pro-
cess, the vessel travels along
the entire length of a shoaled
SHALLOW-DRAFT SEAGOING VESSELS DESIGNED TO REMOVE area, casting material away
MATERIAL FROM THE BAR CHANNELS OF SMALL COASTAL from and beyond the chan-
nel prism. The dredged ma-
INLETS, SIDECASTING DREDGES FEATURE A HULL DESIGN terial is then carried away
LIKE A HOPPER DREDGE WITHOUT A HOPPER BIN. from the channel section by
littoral and tidal currents.
The sequence of events
in a sidecasting operation
such as boulders, logs, or SIDECASTING DREDGES discharge boom that’s include:
tree stumps are encoun- suspended over the side of } The dredge moves to the
tered, the suction head may Shallow-draft seagoing the hull. The boom is typi- work site.
be lowered or raised. vessels designed to remove cally supported by a crane or } The dragarms are lowered
The dredge is then moved material from the bar truss-and-counterweight to the desired depth.
outside of the channel to channels of small coastal design. } The pumps are started.
allow waterborne traffic to inlets, sidecasting dredges Sidecasters generally work } The dredge continues
pass through the area. This feature a hull design like at unstabilized small inlets to move back and forth
is achieved by raising the a hopper dredge without that serve the fishing and across the bar until the
dredge’s suction head and a hopper bin. Sidecasting small-boat industries. Dan- channel dimensions are
slacking off on one of the dredges can excavate the gerous and unpredictable restored.

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PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT

Aqueduct Bergum, the Netherlands.
Tunnel bed prepared using DOP dredge
pump 200. The DOP200 will reach a
max dredging depth of -13 m. Currently
the production is some 900 m3/h of
solids per working day, delivering the
material to a depot nearby. Contractor:
Molhoek B.V. Photo Credit: DAMEN.

PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT

San Francisco Bay, USA. Continuous cycle of barges are unloaded
using the DOP350. This pump is like a giant vacuum cleaner. Barges
are unloaded using a specifically designed jetwater assisted drag
head. Contractor: Curtin Maritime Corp. Photo Credit: DAMEN.

PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
} The discharge is placed on an open-water disposal abil- alongside a disposal area or the weight of the forward
either side of the dredge ity, a sidecaster can’t be used be accompanied by disposal section of the dredge to
by rotating the discharge for dredging contaminated barges during operation. the bottom. These dredges
boom from one side of the sediments. This dredge is frequently typically have a bucket
hull to the other. used when disposal areas capacity of 8 to 12 cubic
DIPPER DREDGES are beyond the pumping yards and a working depth
ADVANTAGES distance of pipelines, with of up to 50 feet. Roughly 30
AND LIMITATIONS A barge-mounted power accompanying barges to 60 cycles per hour are
Being self-propelled, shovel equipped with a transporting the excavated routinely achieved during
sidecasters can rapidly move power-driven ladder struc- material over long distances operation.
from one project location to ture, and operated from a to a disposal area. A typical sequence of
another on short notice, and barge-type hull, the dipper While this dredge is not operation includes:
can get to work immediately. dredge is used for excavating self-propelled, it can move } The dipper dredge, scow
Additionally, the vessel is hard, compacted materials, itself during operation by barges, and attendant
self-sustaining and can rock, or other solid materials manipulation of the spuds plant are moved to the
perform work in remote lo- after blasting. and the dipper arm. work site.
cations with minimal delays The dipper dredge is most } The dredge is moved to
or service needs. effective around bridges, OPERATION the point where work
Sidecasters require flota- docks, wharves, pipelines, A bucket is firmly will start, with part of
tion depths before they can piers, or breakwater struc- attached to the ladder the weight placed on the
begin work. A shallow-draft tures because of its maneu- structure and forcibly forward spuds.
sidecasting dredge can’t verability. thrust into the material to } A scow barge is brought
move large volumes of mate- Its inability to transport be removed. The dredge alongside and moored
rial, as compared to a hopper dredged material means barge is moored on pow- into place by winches
dredge. Because it has only this dredge must work ered spuds that transfer and cables.

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PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
} The dredge begins dig- JT Cleary dredging Nyack Marina in
ging, placing dredged Nyack, NY, on the Hudson River. This
was mechanical dredging, done for
material into the moored maintenance of depth in the marina,
barge. so boats would have sufficient draft at
the docks. The company used a barge-
} When all material is mounted crane with environmental
excavated, the dredge is buckets to dredge 3,780 cubic yards and
also replaced storm-damaged piles.
moved forward by lifting
the forward spuds and
maneuvering with the
bucket and stern spud.
} Loaded barges are towed
to the disposal area and
emptied.
} The offered procedures
are repeated until project
completion.
ADVANTAGES
AND LIMITATIONS
} Known for its ruggedness,
this machine can remove
bottom materials consist-
ing of clay, hard packed
sand, glacial till, stone, or
blasted rock. The dredge
requires less room to ma-
neuver in than most other
types of dredges.
} The violent action of this
dredge may cause consid-
erable sediment distur-
bance and resuspension Used to excavate most then towed to disposal areas. and spuds lowered
during maintenance materials — except for Bucket dredges typically into place.
digging of fine-grained cohesive consolidated range in capacity from 1 to } A scow or hopper barge
material. sediments and solid rock 12 cubic yards. is brought alongside and
— these dredges are effec- The effective working secured to the bucket
BUCKET DREDGES tive while working near depth of this dredge type dredge hull.
bridges, docks, wharves, is roughly 100 feet, with 20 } The dredge begins digging
A crane mounted on a pipelines, piers, or break- to 30 cycles per hour being by dropping the bucket, in
flat-bottomed barge, on water structures because of typical. an open position, from a
fixed-shore installations, their maneuverability and A routine sequence of point above the sediment.
or on a crawler mount, this ease of control. operation includes: The bucket falls through
dredge features clamshell, In most cases, anchors } A tug moves the bucket the water and penetrates
orange peel, or dragline and spuds are used to dredge, scows, or hopper the bottom material. The
buckets that can fulfill a position and move bucket barges to the work site. sides or jaws of the bucket
variety of requirements and dredges, with the material } The dredge is positioned are then closed by wire
be quickly changed to suit excavated placed in scows at the location where work cables operated from the
operational needs. or hopper barges that are is to start, and the anchors crane. As the sides of the
BUCKET DREDGES ARE EFFECTIVE WHILE WORKING NEAR BRIDGES, DOCKS,

WHARVES, PIPELINES, PIERS, OR BREAKWATER STRUCTURES BECAUSE OF THEIR
MANEUVERABILITY AND EASE OF CONTROL.

PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT
bucket close, material is SPECIAL-PURPOSE are located in compart- the near-shore areas of
sheared from the bottom DREDGE ments forward and aft of the eroded beaches.
and contained in the hopper section. The vessel } The production rate of the
bucket compartment. The U.S. Army Corps of has one hopper bin with a CURRITUCK is limited by
} The bucket is raised above Engineers’ dredge, CUR- capacity of 315 cubic yards. its small hopper capacity
the water surface and RITUCK, is one type of The hopper section is clearly and it is not effective in
swung to a point over the special-purpose dredge. visible to the operators in major navigation channels.
hopper barge. The mate- Designed to work the same the pilot house, which aids
rial is then released into projects as sidecasting in production monitoring. COMPREHENSIVE
the hopper by opening the dredges, the CURRITUCK The vessel operates like a KNOWLEDGE
sides of the bucket. can completely remove ma- hopper dredge; however, the
} As material is removed terial from an inlet complex CURRITUCK is designed While hopper and
from the waterway, the and transport it to down to transport and deposit dustpan dredges are the
dredge is moved to the drift eroded beaches. dredged material close to two primary vessels used
next nearby location A self-propelled, split-hull the surf zone area. for dredging operations
through the use of type of vessel, the CUR- throughout the U.S., an
anchors. RITUCK is equipped with ADVANTAGES in-depth knowledge of
} The loaded barges are a self-leveling deckhouse AND LIMITATIONS all dredge types remains
towed to the disposal area located at the stern. Here, all } The CURRITUCK is an useful for any marine con-
by a tug and emptied. controls and machinery are effective tool in shallow- tractor or agency that may
housed. The vessel is hinged draft inlets. The vessel encounter challenging
Advantages and limita- above the main deck so can be used to supplement and unexpected condi-
tions of bucket dredges are that the hull can open from sidecasting dredges and to tions when maintaining
comparable to those of dip- bow to stern by means of transport dredged materi- or expanding navigation
per dredges. hydraulic cylinders, which als from inlet channels to channels.
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PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT
TREMIE EQUIPMENT
Creator: Peter Hart, Owner, W.E. Couplings Ltd. or Bentonite above, without washing out the cement content.
Tremie can also be used as a noun to refer to the hopper and pipe
Industry: Construction - Concrete Piling
string used to place the concrete into the cavity.
Purpose: In the Tremie Concrete pouring method, concrete is
Contact: W.E. Couplings Ltd.
placed below water or below ground level though a drop pipe,
Lancashire, England PR6 9HL
the lower end of which is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that
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the concrete rising from the bottom perfectly displaces the water
anufactured in the UK, W.E. Couplings } In Sizes 2" up to 12" suitable for a range of diameters and
M
Ltd.’s Tremie equipment has been real- depths of pile.
world destructive tested to yield it’s safe } All lifting equipment with CE Marking and OSHA
working loads; and the couplings are compliant certification for use on site.
certified by a 3rd Party lifting equipment } Tremie string pipes, suspension jigs, hoppers, lifting caps
testing house. Peter Hart’s original and pumping bends.
design was certified by A.B.S. and working closely with } Full equipment sets or weldable components
construction companies we have since developed and available on request.
refined the equipment in sizes up to 12" bore. Recently we } U.S.A. and North America distribution.
have begun exporting the equipment direct to companies
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FEATURE
By Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
TRENCHING AND
EXCAVATION SAFETY
wo workers are killed
T
every month in trench col-
lapses. The employer must
provide a workplace free
of recognized hazards that
may cause serious injury or
death. The employer must comply with
the trenching and excavation require-
ments of 29 CFR 1926.651 and 1926.652
or comparable OSHA-approved state
plan requirements.
An excavation is any man-made cut,
cavity, trench, or depression in an earth
surface formed by earth removal.
Trench (Trench excavation) means
a narrow excavation (in relation to its
length) made below the surface of the
ground. In general, the depth is greater
than the width, but the width of a
trench (measured at the bottom) is not
greater than 15 feet (4.6 meters).
DANGERS OF TRENCHING
AND EXCAVATION
Cave-ins pose the greatest risk

and are much more likely than other
excavation-related accidents to result protective system is not required. competent person is an individual who
in worker fatalities. Other potential Trenches 20 feet (6.1 meters) deep is capable of identifying existing and
hazards include falls, falling loads, or greater require that the protective predictable hazards or working condi-
hazardous atmospheres, and incidents system be designed by a registered pro- tions that are hazardous, unsanitary,
involving mobile equipment. One cubic fessional engineer or be based on tabu- or dangerous to workers, soil types and
yard of soil can weigh as much as a car. lated data prepared and/or approved protective systems required, and who
An unprotected trench is an early grave. by a registered professional engineer in is authorized to take prompt corrective
Do not enter an unprotected trench. accordance with 1926.652(b) and (c). measures to eliminate these hazards
and conditions.
TRENCH SAFETY MEASURES COMPETENT PERSON
ACCESS AND EGRESS
Trenches 5 feet (1.5 meters) deep OSHA standards require that
or greater require a protective system employers inspect trenches daily and OSHA standards require safe access
unless the excavation is made entirely as conditions change by a competent and egress to all excavations, includ-
in stable rock. If less than 5 feet deep, a person before worker entry to ensure ing ladders, steps, ramps, or other safe
competent person may determine that a elimination of excavation hazards. A means of exit for employees working in

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FEATURE
trench excavations 4 feet (1.22 meters) } Inspect trenches after any occur- Sloping involves cutting back the
or deeper. These devices must be located rence that could have changed condi- trench wall at an angle inclined away
within 25 feet (7.6 meters) of all workers. tions in the trench. from the excavation.
} Ensure that personnel wear high Shoring requires installing alu-
GENERAL TRENCHING visibility or other suitable clothing minum hydraulic or other types of
AND EXCAVATION RULES when exposed to vehicular traffic. supports to prevent soil movement
and cave-ins.
} Keep heavy equipment away from PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS Shielding protects workers by
trench edges. using trench boxes or other types
} Identify other sources that might There are different types of protec- of supports to prevent soil cave-ins.
affect trench stability. tive systems. Designing a protective system can be
} Keep excavated soil (spoils) and Benching means a method of complex because you must consider
other materials at least 2 feet protecting workers from cave-ins by many factors: soil classification, depth
(0.6 meters) from trench edges. excavating the sides of an excavation of cut, water content of soil, changes
} Know where underground utilities to form one or a series of horizontal caused by weather or climate, sur-
are located before digging. levels or steps, usually with vertical or charge loads (e.g., spoil, other materi-
} Test for atmospheric hazards such nearvertical surfaces between levels. als to be used in the trench) and other
as low oxygen, hazardous fumes and Benching cannot be done inType C soil. operations in the vicinity.
toxic gases when > 4 feet deep.
} Inspect trenches at the start of
each shift. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
} Inspect trenches following a Visit OSHA’s Safety and Health Topics web page on trenching and excavation at:
rainstorm or other water intrusion. www.osha.gov/SLTC/trenchingexcavation/index.html
} Do not work under suspended or www.osha.gov/dcsp/statestandard.html
raised loads and materials.
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FEATURE
SOIL
IMPROVEMENT
By Erik Pisor

Orange County Medical Center. John Whittam
(JRW Construction) was the installing
contractor. The CHANCE® Helical Pulldown®
Micropiles were to support equipment for
the hospital. The Piles were fully cased in
steel due to the requirements of the State
of California OSHPD – Office of Statewide
Health Planning and Development. The steel
casing was for seismic design requirements.
When designing and
Photo Credit: Hubbell Power Systems.
constructing a structure’s
foundation, the enhance-
ment of soft ground
conditions can often elim-
inate the need for deep
foundations. Specialty
contractors routinely
improve the performance
of the ground in situ by
compacting, reinforcing,
or fixing soil masses and
particles.
The following copy details

the benefits of these pri-
mary soil improvement
techniques with a focus
on applicable soil types,
equipment, procedures,
materials utilized, and
quality control.
Note that inherent

dangers are associated
with these techniques,
and thus they should
only be implemented by
trained and experienced
specialty contractors.

FEATURE
Grout Pump. Submitted by Compaction Grouting Services (CGS).
COMPACTION settlements, seismic subsidence, and arranged on a 10- to 20-foot grid.

liquefaction potential. In organic soils, Once a three- to four-foot crater is
Dynamic Compaction, vibro com- dynamic compaction has been used created, the hole is filled with granular
paction, compaction, or low mobility to construct sand or stone columns. material prior to additional drops.
grouting, and surcharging represent Dynamic compaction improvement will At completion, the soils within three
the primary techniques used to com- be limited by the presence or depth of to four feet of the surface will be loose.
pact or densify soil in situ. the water table. These surface soils are compacted with
Typically, a cycle-duty crane is used a low energy ironing pass. This proce-
DEEP DYNAMIC - COMPACTION (DDC) to drop the weight, which ranges from dure consists of dropping the weight
This process involves the repetitive 10 to 30 tons. The crane is rigged with several times from a height of 10 to 15
dropping of a heavy weight on the sur- a boom capable of dropping the weight feet spanning the entire surface area.
face of the ground to compact soils to from heights of 50 to 100 feet with Subsurface penetration testing is
depths of up to 30 feet. a single line, which maximizes the then routinely performed to measure
Dynamic compaction is most effec- energy of the weight as it strikes the the improvement achieved by the dy-
tive in permeable, granular soils, as ground. The dropped weight must be namic compaction.
cohesive soils can absorb and limit the below the safe single-line capacity of Because the process produces large
technique’s effectiveness. The process the crane and cable. The layout of the vibrations, it is important to review
is primarily used to reduce foundation primary drop locations is commonly adjacent facilities and utilities for

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FEATURE
vibration sensitivity and document Vibro Compaction is a technique that compacts granular soils and
their pre-existing conditions prior to rearranges the soil particles into a denser state. Vibro compaction is
often used for land reclamation projects or natural sandy deposits.
start of the DDC work. Natural or man made deposits of sand and gravel are frequently
not dense enough or are too inhomogeneous to allow a proposed
structure to be safely and reliably founded. With Keller’s depth
VIBRO COMPACTION vibrators the soil density can be increased and homogenized
(VIBROFLOTATION) independently from the groundwater table. Credit: Hayward Baker.
This process involves the use of a

down-hole vibrator that is lowered into
the ground to compact soils at depth.
The method is used to increase bear-
ing capacity and reduce foundation
settlements, and is most effective in
free-draining granular soils below the
groundwater table.
The vibroflot consists of a cylindrical
steel shell with an interior electric or
hydraulic motor that spins an eccentric
weight. The vibration is horizontal and bolted to the top of a vibrator, allowing repeatedly raised and lowered as it is ex-
the source is located near the bottom it to be lowered to a necessary treat- tracted. The surrounding granular soils
of the probe. Common vibrator dimen- ment depth. Electric vibrators have a rearrange into a denser configuration of
sions are 10 feet in length and 1.5 feet remote ammeter that displays amper- 70 to 85 percent of relative density.
in diameter. Vibrators vary in power age being drawn by the motor. Sand or stone may be added around
from 50 to more than 300HP and are Compaction begins at the bottom of the vibrator at the ground surface. This
hung from standard cranes or purpose a treatment depth, which can extend in granular material falls around the vi-
built crawler units. Extension tubes are excess of 120 feet deep. The vibrator is brator to its tip in order to compensate
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INDUSTRY.
Equipment Corporation of America (ECA) was founded in 1918 as a provider of
construction, industrial and material handling equipment. Today, ECA focuses primarily
on providing the latest technology available to service the Foundation Industry. Through
an exclusive partnership with Bauer Machine Group, ECA is the only partner company
in the world to offer authorized sales, rental and service solutions for Bauer equipment.
SE RV IC E S & T E CH NOL O GI E S
¼New and Used Equipment Sales and Rentals ¼Drilling Tools and Accessories
¼Large Diameter Drill Rigs - Rock Augers
¼Earth Retention & Micropile Drills - Core Barrels
¼Fixed and Telescopic Mast Mobile Piling Rigs - Digging Buckets
¼Pile Driving Equipment ¼Overburden Drilling Systems
- Diesel ¼Sectional Casing Systems
- Hydraulic Impact ¼Equipment Service and Rebuilding
- Free Hanging Vibratory Hammers ¼Welding and Fabricating
- Excavator Mounted Vibratory Hammers ¼Field Service Fleet
- Excavator Mounted Side Grip Vibratory ¼Replacement Drill Teeth
Hammers ¼Parts and Accessories
- Soil Mixing and Slurry Wall Equipment
Find out how we can build a foundation together.

1.800.PILE-USA -or- www.ecanet.com
EQUIPMENT CORPORATION OF AMERICA
B U I L D I N G F O U N DATI O N S S I N C E 1 91 8
¼ PITTSBURGH ¼ NY/NJ ¼ TORONTO

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610.626.2200 336.854.1220 904.284.1779
FEATURE
Hayward Baker
This series of schematics illustrates the general

procedures in the bottom-up technique of compaction
grouting. The first step, shown here, is to install
grout pipes using drilling or driving techniques.
Credit: Hayward Baker.
This schematic shows the various steps in the vibroreplacement process. First, the vibroflot penetrates the ground
to the desired depth. Stone is then progressively introduced to the hole, and the vibroflot is alternately raised and
lowered to produce a packed stone column. Credit: Hayward Baker.
for the volume reduction achieved dur- not critical for soil improvement.
ing densification. Coarser backfill can Compaction grouting is most effective
be used instead of sand to improve the in free-draining granular soils and low
effectiveness of the technique, namely sensitivity soils. The process is known
in silty soils. Overall, the technique to reduce settlements in collapsible
does not densify the sands within two soils and can be used to reduce sinkhole
to three feet of the ground surface. This potential. The method can also stabilize
job is typically reserved for steel drum existing sinkholes in karst regions.
vibratory rollers. Special care needs to The process is commonly started at
Hayward Baker
be considered in soils where the fines the bottom of a zone to be treated and
content exceeds 10%. then proceeds upward. The treatment The mortar-like grout, injected through the pipes,
displaces the surrounding soil. The grout pipe is then
Penetration tests are routinely per- can be terminated at any depth and lifted some distance (0.3 to 1.5 m), and the injection
formed at the midpoint of the probe pat- is very effective in targeting isolated process is repeated. Credit: Hayward Baker.
tern to determine the degree of improve- zones at depth.

ment achieved, which is itself dependent Achieving significant improvement
on the vibrator’s energy, the spacing of within eight feet of the ground surface
vibrator penetrations, the soil type being is difficult unless a contractor utilizes
improved, the quantity of backfill, and a top-down procedure. In this method,
the time spent densifying soil. grout is pumped at the top of the
treatment zone first. After the grout
COMPACTION GROUTING achieves initial set a pipe is drilled to
This technique densifies soils by the underside of the grout and addi-
injecting them with a low mobility, low tional grout is injected. Post-grouting,
slump mortar grout. As additional grout penetration testing can verify the
is injected through a drilled or driven improvement of granular soil.
pipe, the grout bulb expands, compact-
ing the soils through displacement. SURCHARGING Hayward Baker
The soil mass is then reinforced by the This method places soil fill on-site Injection in “stages” continues until the target layer
has been treated. Grouting can stiffen and strengthen
resulting grout column, reducing settle- to pre-consolidate existing soil prior the soil layer by increasing its density, increasing
ment and increasing shear strength. to construction. Surcharging improves the lateral stresses, and acting as a reinforcement.
Grouting may also be used to produce controlled
Grout utilized typically consists soils via compression, increasing stiff- heaving of the ground surface to re-level a structure
that has been damaged by differential settlements.
of Portland cement, sand, and water. ness and shear strength. Preloading is Credit: Hayward Baker.
Natural fine-grained soils, fly ash, or best suited for soft, fine-grained soils
bentonite may be added to the mix as that will experience excessive settle-
well. Generally, the grout strength is ment under a structure’s load.

WORLDWIDE LEADER IN
PILE CUTTING & PILE CRUSHING
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FEATURE
VL18: For the construction of a 5 story

building at Grenoble University, PTC
VL18 was chosen to carry out 4,500
linear meters of stone columns soil
treatment prior the construction.
Customer: Franki Fayat
Project: Building at Grenoble University
Photo Credit: PTC Fayat
In partially or fully saturated soils, to densify. Settlement times can be performance of soft or loose soils via
prefabricated vertical drains are placed reduced from years or even decades to displacement of surrounding granular
prior to surcharge placement, which a few months depending on the wick soil and reinforcement of the soil with
accelerates drainage and reduces sur- spacing and the soils that are being a stiffer, higher shear strength column.
charge time. The drains are generally improved. The stone is commonly compacted with
4-inch wide strips of corrugated or a vibroflot. This method is often used
knobbed plastic wrapped in a woven REINFORCEMENT to increase bearing capacity up to 2.5
filter fabric. Typically, 1000-foot-long times the bearing capacity without im-
rolls of drain are fed into a mandrel, This method of improvement provement and pre-collapse sinkholes
which is pushed, vibrated, driven, or involves constructing a reinforcing prior to construction in karst regions.
jetted vertically into the ground via a element within the soil mass that Column construction starts at the
mast mounted to an excavator or crane. does not change the soil properties. bottom of the treatment depth, which
Fill soil utilized for preloading is typ- Types of reinforcement include stone can extend to depths in excess of 100
ically delivered to the area with dump columns and vibro concrete columns, feet, and proceeds to the surface.
trucks. Dozers are then used to push ridged inclusions along with soil nail- Dry bottom feed stone columns have
the soil into a mound. The mound’s ing, micropiles, and fracture grouting. become the preferred method of long or
height depends on the pressure re- Conventional piling can also be used deep stone columns. The vibrator initial-
quired to achieve desired improvement. for reinforcement of soils. ly penetrates the ground with assistance
In very soft sites, piezometers and incli- from its weight, vibration, an com-
nometers may be required to avoid the STONE COLUMNS pressed air that is pushed from the tip
abrupt placement of fill. In this method of reinforcement, col- of the vibrator. A front-end loader then
Utilizing wick drains in conjunc- umns of compacted, gravel size stone places stone in a skip that is utilized to
tion with surcharge can dramatically particles are constructed vertically in charge a pressure chamber at the top of
reduce the time required for site soils the ground. The columns improve the the vibrator. The stone falls to the tip of

HIT
follow us
FEATURE
the vibroflot through a stone feed tube
and is ejected with air pressure from the REINFORCEMENT: THIS METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT
tip of the vibrator. The vibrator is then
raised several feet and the stone falls, INVOLVES CONSTRUCTING A REINFORCING ELEMENT
filling the cavity that has been formed. WITHIN THE SOIL MASS THAT DOES NOT CHANGE
The vibroflot is repeatedly raised and
lowered in this fashion, compacting and THE SOIL PROPERTIES.
displacing the stone in two- to three-
foot lifts, until reaching the surface.
If difficult penetration is encoun- granular soils and transfers area loads element of the design includes con-
tered, predrilling through firm soils through soft cohesive and organic soils. struction of a load transfer platform
may be required. The method reduces foundation settle- which consists of crushed stone or sand
Post-treatment penetration test- ments and increases bearing capacity, and layers of geogrid or geotextile is
ing and full-scale load tests are often while also serving as an alternative to placed on top of the riged inclusions.
performed post-column installation to piling. These columns are may extend During production, it is imperative
measure the improvement achieved in from 20' to 80' below ground. to monitor the pumping and extraction
the granular soils. Installation of any of these tech- rates, verifying that the grout pumping
niques initially involves advancing rate matches or exceeds the rate at
VIBRO CONCRETE COLUMNS the selected tool to target elevation which the void is created as the tooling
OR RIGID INCLUSIONS through soft soil until it penetrates the is extracted.
This method of reinforcement in- bearing stratum. Concrete or grout is
volves constructing concrete or grout then pumped as the tool is extracted SOIL NAILING
columns in situ using a bottom feed vi- from the soil. Once all of the rigid An in situ technique for reinforcing,
broflot, a vibrated mandrel or a displace- inclusions are created, general grading stabilizing, and retaining excavations
ment drilling auguer which densifies is required in the area. An important and deep cuts, soil nailing introduces
MAKING A
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CORPORATE OFFICE TEXAS OFFICE

3841 Industrial Drive 2214 W. Euless Blvd
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205.841.8600 817.545.8677
Jeffr M hi
JeffreyMachine.com
FEATURE
7 sets of Vibrolances in Malaysia: PTC 7 sets of vibrolances working
free hanging in a sand compaction job in Malaysia. Each Vibrolance
has an independent water jetting system to improve penetration.
Customer: Penta Ocean Construction Co. Ltd
Project: Pengerand independent deep water petroleum terminal (PIDPT)
Photo Credit: PTC Fayat.
small, closely spaced inclusions, typi- withstand fluid pressures. Therefore, diameters of more than 10 inches.
cally in the form of reinforcing steel drainage systems are incorporated into Micropiles are often installed in
bars, into a soil mass. The face of this the wall. These systems can include geo- restricted access and limited headroom
mass is then locally stabilized, result- textile facing, drilled-in-place relief wells, situations. The micropile shaft is com-
ing in a zone of reinforced ground that and slotted plastic collection piping. Sur- monly driven or drilled into place via a
functions as a soil retention system. face drainage control is also essential. drill rig or small pile driving hammer
Cohesive soil or weathered rock is Extreme care should be exercised on a base unit. The micropile consists
best suited for this technique, as the when an existing structure is adjacent of a steel rod or pipe. A full-length steel
procedure requires the soil to temporar- to the top of a soil nail wall, as move- threaded bar is also common, com-
ily stand with a near vertical face until a ment during soil mass stabilization can posed of grade 40 to 150 ksi steel.
row of nails and facing are installed. cause damage. Prior to construction, a test pile is
Soil nailing is a top-down method, Following installation, tension tests typically constructed and load tested to
where a piece of earth-moving can confirm that the intended design 200 percent of the design load in accor-
equipment first excavates the soil in bond was achieved. dance with the standard specification,
incremental depths of three to six feet. ASTM D 1143. Throughout installation
A drill rig is then used to put the nails MICROPILES of the micropile, the drilling penetra-
in place on three- to six-foot centers. Used in nearly any subsurface soil tion rate is monitored as an indication
After each row of nails is installed, the or rock to transfer a structural load to of the stratum being drilled.
excavated face is stabilized by fastening competent bearing strata, micropiles
a welded wire mesh to the nails and were originally small diameter, low- FRACTURE GROUTING
placing shotcrete. capacity piles. Today, advances in drill- Referred to as compensation grout-
It’s important to note that soil nail ing equipment have resulted in design ing, this method uses a grout slurry
walls are generally not designed to load capacities beyond 300 tons and to hydro-fracture and inject the soil

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FEATURE
between the foundation to be con-
trolled and the cause of the settlement,
essentially producing a controlled
heave of the foundation.
This technique can be performed in
any soil type and is routinely used to
reduce previous settlements or prevent
the settlement of structures while un-
derlying tunneling is performed.
When performing fracture grout-
ing beneath existing structures, large
diameter shafts or pits are constructed
adjacent to the exterior of the structure
to be controlled. From these shafts, a
drill rig horizontally installs the sleeve Hayward Baker
port pipes beneath the structure. A This schematic illustrates the jet grouting process. The jet grouting rods are first positioned to the target depth
using some boring technique. Jets of air, water, and/or grout are simultaneously used to progressively erode the
grout injection tube is then inserted native soil and replace it with a soil-grout (cement) mixture. Jet grouted columns or panels can be overlapped to
into the sleeve port pipe. Packers on the produce subsurface walls of soil-cement. Credit: Hayward Baker.
injection tube are inflated and grout is
injected. The packers are then deflated, for tunneling, and /or a water cut-off a drillrig advances casing to target
the injection tube moved to another barrier via the injection of grout into elevation in the soil. The casing is then
port, and the process repeated. highly permeable, granular sands tremie filled with a weak Portland ce-
It is critical to know where all injec- and gravels. ment grout before insertion of a sleeve
tion ports are located when installing The type of grout used depends on port pipe. After the grout has hardened,
fracture grouting beneath existing the application and soil grain size. For an injection pipe with two packers
structures. The monitoring of the over- structural applications in gravel, Port- is inserted into the sleeve port pipe,
lying structure is also critical. land cement and water can be used. A which allows the selected permeation
When fracture grouting in expansive finely-ground Portland cement is used grout to be injected through one port
soils takes place, multiple injection rods in course to medium sands. In fine, at a time. The injection pipe is then
are pushed into the ground via a track- medium, and coarse sand, chemical raised or lowered to another port, and
mounted rig — to a treatment depth of grout — most commonly sodium silicate the process repeated. Utilization of a
7 to 12 feet. An aqueous solution is then — is utilized. sleeve port pipe and packers is critical
injected as the rods are extracted. Grout is typically mixed in batches or to achieving uniform coverage of the
stream mixed. permeation grout.
FIXATION OR CHEMICAL GROUTING Batch mixing involves integrating a During production, grout volume
selected volume of grout and injecting and pressure should be monitored
These techniques fix or bind soil it before the next batch is mixed. The and documented this is generally
particles, increasing the soil’s strength amount batched depends on the speed performed in real time with computer
while reducing its compressibility and of injection and the amount of time the aided grout injection tools. The grout-
permeability. Soil fixation is commonly grout can be held and still remain usable. ed soil can also be cored and tested
achieved via permeation grouting, jet Stream mixing involves storing the following operations.
grouting, or soil mixing. grout components in several tanks. The
grout is then pumped through separate JET GROUTING
PERMEATION GROUTING hoses that are combined before the This technique serves as an alterna-
This process is generally used to grout reaches the injection pipe. tive to conventional grouting, chemical
create a structural load-carrying mass When conducting permeation grouting, slurry trenching, underpin-
for underpinning, a stabilized soil zone grouting for excavation support walls, ning, or the use of compressed air or
WHILE MOST OF THE COMPACTION, REINFORCEMENT, AND FIXATION METHODS

DISCUSSED ABOVE WERE DEVELOPED DECADES OR CENTURIES AGO, THESE
METHODS OF IMPROVING SOFT SOIL MASSES REMAIN CRITICAL TO THE SUCCESS
OF TODAY’S SUPERSTRUCTURE FOUNDATIONS.

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For purchase price or rental rates and instructions for set-up and usage, contact customer support:
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FEATURE
freezing in tunneling. Jet grouting is The double-fluid system surrounds mixing, the same materials are dry
commonly used to provide excavation the high-velocity cement slurry jet with pumped using compressed air.
support of an existing structure before an air jet and is more effective in cohe- In both methods, the binder is in-
an adjacent site is excavated to make sive soils than the single-fluid system. jected as a tool is advanced to the target
way for a new, deeper structure. A triple-fluid system uses a high- bearing stratum to assist in penetra-
Jet grouting is effective across a velocity water jet surrounded by an tion. The soil and binder are mixed a
range of soils, and represents a bottom- air jet, which erodes the soil. A lower second time as the tool is extracted.
up process. A drill flushes the jet grout jet then injects the cement slurry at a Single columns or integrated walls
tooling to the bottom of the treatment reduced pressure. Separating the ero- are then created as mixing tools are
zone. The jet grout tooling directs sion process from the grouting process worked in overlapping configurations.
grout, water and at times air horizon- equates to higher quality soilcrete. Treatment depths down to 100 feet
tally into the soil formation. These The system is the most effective in have been achieved via soil mixing.
drilling fluids erode the existing soils cohesive soils.
as the jet grout tooling rotated and ex- FOUNDATIONAL TECHNIQUES
tracted, which forms a soilcrete column. SOIL MIXING While most of the compaction,
Rotating the monitor through a portion This process is used in a host of reinforcement, and fixation methods
of a circle will create only a portion of a general civil works projects to provide discussed above were developed de-
column. Extracting the monitor without excavation, tunneling, and foundation cades or centuries ago, these methods
rotating will create a panel. support. The system is most applicable of improving soft soil masses remain
Three traditional jet grout systems in soft cohesive soils,. critical to the success of today’s super-
exist: single, double, and triple fluid. For wet soil mixing, a binder, com- structure foundations. Performed by
The single-fluid system uses only a monly Portland Cement, is delivered specialty contractors only, these tech-
high-velocity cement slurry grout to in a slurry form, with slurry volumes niques continue to reduce settlement
erode and mix the soil. This system is ranging from 20 to 40 percent of the while eliminating the need for deep,
most effective in cohesionless soil. soil volume being mixed. For dry soil costly foundations.

COVER STORY
By Mark Rice, Esq.
CONSTRUCTION
INSURANCE
— A GUIDE FOR THE CONTRACTOR
Oct. 29, 2012 - Sea water floods the
World Trade Center construction
site in New York during Superstorm
Sandy. (AP Photo/John Minchillo, File)

COVER STORY
For many contractors and engineers, insurance is something handled by their

insurance broker and controller, once a year in the week before renewal, and
about as interesting and pleasant as a root canal.
The policies are not quite reviewed, the broker says it will be alright, and
describes the insurance required of your subcontractors, haulers and for your
equipment, and then the praying begins.
When an accident or casualty later occurs, what happens? That is when the
pedal hits the metal.
his article is intended to help of assessing the contractor. Make this — paying for what you break or sharing
T
as a checklist for renewal, your shining star to those customers, in that costs.
but more importantly, as a your insurers, and bonding companies. } For subcontractors, broad form ad-
focus point for your safety No one loves risk like contractors. No ditional insured requirements, with
profit center that sends your one like contractors can manage risk “primary and non-contributory”
team, and all the folks on the while knowing its part of what builds language, and “Type I” indemnity
job or in traffic around the job, home great bridges and infrastructure. means potentially absorbing 100
safe each day. To a great extent, insurance, and re- percent of liability with little or no
Companies that engrain the “Safety lated concepts of indemnity, additional fault, or even control over the injury
First, Second and Third” mentality, insurance endorsements, liability lim- or property damage that occurred.
build in safety rituals and reminders, its, flow down provisions and subroga- } For carriers, these risk transfer
and make it a source of pride, not a tion, are attempts at risk transfer. clauses are intended to spread or
paper trail win — they win on jobs, they I say “attempts” because what is shift risk, and give arguments in
win with their workforce and their on paper — the insurance policies, court to find other “usual suspects”
families, they win with their stakehold- the insurance endorsements, the to shoulder more of the risk.
ers, risk managers and customers. prime and subcontract — often do not
So, after summarizing the various fully-anticipate the risk event that has Carriers want everyone to be
types of insurance and coverage, exclu- everyone scrambling to sue each other chained to the deck of the ship that is
sions and pitfalls, this article has a tie and find lawyers who will speak in sinking, to see what they will cough
in to the safety program and program strange-coded lexicon about “expo- up in settlement funds.
development. sure,” “sharing in the pain,” or court That process takes time, takes court
Safety reduces costs. Safety impress- cases that leave the lawyers unable to more often than not, and is the gambit
es carriers to bring in lower premium predict risk transfer. that explains why risk transfer clauses
quotes, modification rates for workers are the opening round, not end game,
compensation ratings and the like. US OR THEM, WHICH IS IT? of who pays for what when an insurable
More and more, large projects loss occurs.
use prequalification statements that Whether insurance or indemnity, Insurance is a bit like a jagged jigsaw
require listing of the modification all risk transfer is about someone else puzzle. You want each piece to fit so
rate, and significant litigation, as part — your carrier or your subcontractor you are fully covered.
INSURANCE IS A BIT LIKE A JAGGED JIGSAW PUZZLE. YOU WANT EACH PIECE TO
FIT SO YOU ARE FULLY COVERED… IT IS CRITICAL THAT YOU SPEND QUALITY TIME
WITH YOUR BROKER SO THE BROKER KNOWS YOUR OPERATIONAL RISK AND YOUR
TOLERANCE FOR UNINSURED RISK, AND FRANKLY, CASH FLOW.

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COVER STORY
The insurance market tries to Sounds bad, right? } A construction defect claim by an
exclude risks that are either runaway It need not be. Here are some quick owner (or an owner against prime
risks (terrorism, cyber breach) or which definitions for your next meeting with contractor that the prime seeks to
the market wants you to purchase sepa- your broker. pass on to a subcontractor) that your
rately (flood, earthquake, employment completed operations on a project
practices, etc.). TYPES OF INSURANCE later results in leaks and water
It is critical that you spend quality FOR THE CONTRACTOR intrusion causing water damage
time with your broker so the broker inside a structure. There are plenty
knows your operational risk and your COMMERCIAL GENERAL of exclusions to discuss, but this is
tolerance for uninsured risk, and LIABILITY POLICY the basic concept.
frankly, cash flow. Commercial General Liability (CGL) } A third party’s vehicle suffers dam-
While Lloyds of London is famous is a “third party” coverage policy. age when the crane boom fails from
for insuring anything from a boxer’s Meaning, this policy is aimed at provid- overload or fatigue, and lands on the
hands against injury or a Hollywood ing a legal defense and insurance cover- trunk totaling the car. Or, injures
actor’s looks, most contractors are not age in case you are sued, or a claim the occupants. The CGL will be
interested in the one-off risk, and are is made against you by a third party. called upon to cover that loss, dur-
comfortable with business and safety It usually will not cover “first party” ing the project.
systems, and the corporate veil, insulat- losses, such as to your own equipment } An employee of some other project
ing the owners from personal liability or property. participant is hurt by your operations
from a costly accident. A CGL aims at covering risks when — a piece of plywood you are hoisting
Selection and relationship with a your operations or activities cause is caught by the wind, falls off the
broker are key to risk management. personal injury or property damage to winch, and lands on someone’s toe.
No different than banker, bond broker others. Not to sound like the new Farm- If that person is not your employee,
and surety, legal counsel, safety man- ers Insurance TV commercials, here subject to exceptions, that injured
ager, and CPA. are some examples: person may sue you (or other project
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ϴϬϬ͘ϱϮϳ͘ϭϯϭϱͬǁǁǁ͘ƐŵŚĂŝŶĐŽ͘ĐŽŵͬϵϳϮ͘ϮϳϮ͘ϲϰϲϭ
COVER STORY
participants who then demand you
indemnify them).
You will immediately notify your
insurance broker, to immediately
notify your CGL carrier, to assign an
adjuster to investigate. If a lawsuit
has been filed, your broker and you
will ask the CGL carrier to retain an
attorney at insurance carrier expense
to defend you in court.
The CGL premiums are usually based

on gross receipts, and after a set pre-
mium schedule, go up or down based
on receipts as a measure of risk pool.
Audits happen.
These policies are usually written
on a “per occurrence” basis, meaning
they cover, or are triggered by, a loss
that arises or is manifest during the
policy period.
This is different than a “claims made”
policy such as a Professional Liability
policy, where the policy covers claims in
the year the claim is made, not when it
arose or manifest as damage.
CGL policies usually have a per oc-
currence limit and an aggregate limit.
States and localities differ as to what
is a minimal level of insurance.
There is also “Excess” or “Umbrella”
insurance policies that can be obtained
if the primary CGL policy limits are
exceeded — the big dozy policy event.
Some policies exclude residential
work or condominium work due to
their risk of later construction defect
work (especially in California “real not protect additional insureds, only COMMON EXCLUSIONS
estate boom” periods). the primary insured, once the project TO CGL POLICIES
Perhaps most importantly, these po- is complete. All insurance policies have exclusions.
lices differ greatly as to whether “com- As to ongoing operations — while Many are standard. Some exclusions
pleted operations” coverage is provided the insured’s own work is ongoing change or are introduced into CGL
to “additional insureds,” a concept to be and not complete — some policies do policies with recognition of new risk
discussed later. not cover property damage on the and market place changes.
While personal injury claims are expectation that the project has a Three recent examples are terrorism
usually covered when arising during Builder’s Risk policy and coverage. exclusions, mold exclusions, and cyber
or after the project, some policies do See discussion below. breach exclusions. In some instances,
CGL IS A “THIRD PARTY” COVERAGE POLICY. MEANING, THIS POLICY IS AIMED AT

PROVIDING A LEGAL DEFENSE AND INSURANCE COVERAGE IN CASE YOU ARE SUED,
OR A CLAIM IS MADE AGAINST YOU BY A THIRD PARTY. IT USUALLY WILL NOT
COVER “FIRST PARTY” LOSSES, SUCH AS TO YOUR OWN EQUIPMENT OR PROPERTY.

COVER STORY
such as mold and pollution and cyber flooring and furniture, those conse- apply — but this issue gets heavily-lit-
risks, new insurance products have quential items are usually deemed igated, and often requires competing
developed to price those risks that “property damage” and are covered. experts, insurance coverage counsel
have increased and are no longer The reason for this exclusion is and legal wrangling to resolve.
within the CGL policy. “stitch-in-time saves nine” motivation For contractors whose work
Read the fine print and have it for the insured contractor to remedy creates weather-related or mold
explained. You might be able to buy an- work errors promptly, since the work risks, they should get a price quote
other policy if the risk is acute for your product itself never gets covered. annually on Pollution coverage, and
industry or operations. } Purely Economic Losses. decide if it’s worth securing to close
Though “loss of use” is sometimes this scope gap. Some owners require
} Work Product Exclusion. covered, in most CGL policies there their prime contractors to secure
CGL policies generally do not cover is no coverage for economic losses. Pollution coverage.
the work that fails. Rather, they cover Economic losses are losses that are } Injuries to your own employees.
the consequential property damages not property damages or personal, Your employees will be covered by
caused by the failed work. physical injury. Losses could be things your workers compensation insur-
The simplest example of this is like lost profit while repairs take place ance policy. Workers Compensation
a leaky roof from lack of adequate or the damages shut down the build- is generally an exclusive remedy on
waterproofing, bad nailing and sub- ing. These are not usually covered. a no-fault basis by your employees
standard venting and gutters which } Mold and Pollution. so they cannot sue in court against
causes the leaks, and leads to weak- The CGL will usually exclude from the employer and usually not against
ening of the roof itself. That failure coverage, damages from mold, fungi, other project participants.
and cost of repair will not usually wet or dry rot. } Professional Liability Policy –
be covered. If there is water damage and mold Design work.
However, if that failed roof causes damage, concurrently causing the If your projects involve “design-
damages to sheet rock, wiring, damage, the exclusion will often build” elements, especially where an
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COVER STORY
engineer’s or architect’s wet stamp is
required on a submittal, design docu-
ment, or design-assist element, your
CGL may well not cover for risks
arising out of design.
In that case, you need a Profes-
sional Liability Policy.
If you subcontract out design ser-
vices, make sure the subcontractor
design-professional has professional
liability insurance adequate to
protect you.
Have your broker tell you if that is
enough, or if you need your own pro-
fessional liability or design rider.
} Exclusion of subcontractor scope.
If a subcontract does not provide
Type I broad indemnity, issuance of
an additional insurance certificate
to the prime contractor may be
necessary.
Some homebuilder policies and
also in the commercial arena, contain
carrier risk by requiring the contrac-
tor insured to flow-down insurance
risk to each sub with a broad indem-
nity clause and additional insurance
requirement naming the prime con-
tractor as an additional insured.
The penalty clause in those CGL
policies is loss of insurance for
each subcontractor scope where
those flow-down, indemnity and
additional insured (AI) clauses are
absent, or the AI endorsement was
not secured. Remember — every in-
surer wants to find another carrier
or party to cover the risk assumed,
as part of their risk spreading or
transfer underwriting model.
} Intentional Acts.
This goes without saying, but if
the owner punches someone in the
face, or road rages (auto policy, see
below), intentional conduct versus
accidents and negligence, will not
be covered.
Where this comes up is when the
insured is a company and is sued for
negligent hire or supervision of a
foreman or crewmember who threw
the punch and the company is sued.
Often there is coverage.
Where a party is sued for negli-
gence over another’s willful conduct,
often there is not coverage.

COVER STORY
POLLUTION POLICIES WORKERS COMPENSATION controller’s department to keep up with
These policies — contractor’s pol- INSURANCE each respective classification.
lution policy (CPL) or pollution legal Every state requires any contractor, This then gets tied to the Safety
liability (PLL) — are to cover mold and or employer, with some exemptions, Program, safety or tailgate meetings,
other risks defined as pollution and to provide a statutory level of workers and Industrial and Injury Prevention
usually excluded from the CGL. compensation insurance. Program (IIPP) that is required in most
These are third party policies This field is highly regulated. A con- states and on most large projects.
and do not cover the insured’s own tractor with a good safety record can
property typically. Sometimes these reduce the premium by what is called PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY POLICIES
are site specific, in which case, the modification rate, like auto policies, This policy is for a professional
environmental studies tied to the where the contractor rates better than engineer, architect, surveyor, or
insured project get reviewed as part the industry average. provider of design or engineering ser-
of underwriting. This insurance classifies employees vices. These are typically on a “claims
To get this one right, depending on by task and trade, with the amount of made” basis, meaning a policy cov-
the risk module, it might be a highly- insurance due quarterly or otherwise ers those claims made in the policy
specialized insurance product requir- based on the number of hours work by period without respect of when the
ing an environmental consultant, not each such task or trade, in submitted error or omission is alleged to have
just a broker. workers compensation forms. occurred.
Some large public project owners The forms get audited annually, both These policies often have large
require a CPL or PLL and require against the temptation to move workers deductibles or Self Insured Retentions
additional insurance coverage into lower risk, less costly rates (land (“SIR” — see below). These policies
naming the owner as an additional leveling versus carpentry or roofing), often have consent clauses, meaning
insured on the policy. Then, it gets or unreported hours or employees. the professional can override the car-
purchased for the project and adds to This typically required a dedi- rier and refuse to settle, out of consid-
the cost of the bid. cated staff person in the payroll or eration of the professional’s desire to

COVER STORY
protect his or her professional reputa- many companies have very-well main- arising from the course of construction.
tion against claim of error. tained but fully-depreciated heavy If the painter leaves out oil rags and
Most states have additional statutory equipment for which the repair costs far the home or building burns down, this
protections for design professionals exceed the original cost of the rig. Usu- policy will usually cover.
before a suit can be filed. In the inter- ally this risk of underinsurance can be It will cover to replace and restart
est of keeping design fees affordable, avoided by regular equipment appraisals. the project. A prime contractor will
most states enforce damage limitation want its prime contract to state it is a
clauses in their contracts. FIRST PARTY PROPERTY beneficiary or additional insured of the
While most GCL policies do not cover OR FIRE INSURANCE policy in order to be the completion
what is called “economic loss” — non- If you own your corporation yard contractor and receive the full, restored
property damage or personal, physical or offices, or both, then you will have benefit of project completion.
injury — in many instances professional property insurance which is also a lender This can be a bone of contention
liability policies do. This is partly due to requirement if there is a mortgage on the with some owners who want the
the fact the nature of damages from er- property. Sometimes, this piece of insur- option to find another contractor if
rors and omissions are increased costs ance, when done at the property pur- it seems sloppy safety or risk manage-
of construction for correction. chase, is handled by a different broker ment by the contractor was the cause of
Like a CGL policy, a Professional than the rest of the insurance program. the calamity.
Liability policy has an aggregate limit This insurance covers fire and other Under a Builder’s Risk, the definition
and a per claim limit in amount. major casualty. At times, this insurance of recoverable cost or losses is very
can cover odd items such as “advertis- important. The policy should cover
AUTO POLICY ing injury,” “trespass,” and other non- hard and soft costs such as A/E and
Not much to say here. Main thing is obvious items. When in doubt, tender a further inspection and permit fees, and
to keep the driven equipment list up- loss to the carrier. environmental or mold studies if water
to-date so all vehicles driven are listed Without a rider and added premiums, or mold damage requires assessment
as covered. these policies typically exclude flood and remediation.
and earthquake risks, which can be One phrase in this field is Probable
EQUIPMENT POLICY — purchased separately. Maximum Loss (PML), used on big
CRANES, BACKHOES, AND As a “First Party” insurance policy, projects where determining the cost of
OTHER NON-ROAD EQUIPMENT this insurance covers you as the in- restart and completion takes consider-
The Equipment Policy covers your op- sured, not third parties. able analysis and sharp pencils on
erating equipment when they are dam- Often, if the First Property carrier estimating paper.
aged during performance of the work. pays and believes someone else is at Builder’s Risk policies often will
A crane tip over or boom failure are fault — the driver who drove a truck contain “sublimits” used to contain
examples. into the side of the building — the insurance amounts on specific scopes
These can be intricate and often carrier will pay off the claim and then of work. These may involve acceleration
are given short shrift at the insurance sue the third party responsible for the costs for premium time to get the job
renewal. loss, a process called “subrogation” and back on schedule, loss of use, and other
I have seen policies with exclusions discussed a bit later in this article. such items. Who pays the deductible
for crane overload, or for metal fatigue, First Party property policies usually is also an issue that gets negotiated,
that became insurance disputes later exclude “course of construction” risks especially if sizable.
when determining what caused the arising from a construction project on Most Builder’s Risk policies cover the
crane or boom failure. your property — for that, you need to cost of replacing new work, but not the
My main advice here is — when there is secure a Builder’s Risk policy. damage to old or existing work dam-
an accident, do not just let the equipment aged by a fire or other accident occur-
carrier and broker handle it. Get involved, BUILDER’S RISK OR “COURSE OF ring while building the new work.
take photographs, have your general le- CONSTRUCTION” INSURANCE This can leave a coverage gap, un-
gal counsel do interviews and make sure A Builders Risk policy is a first party less the First Property Insurance or
the damaged parts are preserved. insurance policy that covers risks contractor’s CGL policy has coverage
Often the crane repair outfit will dis-
card the boom or other parts (sheered
bolts, cables, brake parts) before the
insurance liability determination, only A BUILDERS RISK POLICY IS A FIRST PARTY
for you to learn you needed them to
analyze metallurgical issues to prove
INSURANCE POLICY THAT COVERS RISKS ARISING
coverage and disprove an exclusion. FROM THE COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Policy limits are tricky, too, since

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COVER STORY
for course of construction consequen- } One, after a heyday of plaintiff’s Another potential benefit is stream-
tial damages. construction defect claims against lined loss adjustment in the case of a
This is often overlooked, and a sharp subdivision and condominium casualty.
set of questions to the broker here is projects, most insurance companies This benefit arises because the proj-
important before breaking ground. began to shy away from this risk ect participants and their carriers are
“What if” questions are important to and began excluding multi-family or aligned, not adversarial, since there is
put out there. condominium coverage. one overall policy covering everyone.
But, an OCIP or CCIP policy The alternative is the ‘battle royal”
WRAP UP POLICIES, OCIPS garnering project-wide premiums model or lawyer feeding trough where
AND CCIPS — PROJECT-BASED and having re-insurers insuring the the owner sues the prime, and the
CGL POLICIES insurer, became a fairly-safe model to prime sues all the subs, and separate
A Wrap Up is what it sounds like — insure the project as a whole. insurance coverage litigation occurs
a policy that is intended to cover the } Secondly, the opinion is an OCIP or parallel, the court designates the case
project risks normally covered by each CCIP can reduce project costs. as “complex” and assigns a “Special
construction team and the owner, in Cost reduction occurs because Master” to blow the referee whistle
place of their policies. each subcontractor and prime and squeeze out settlements that takes
These policies can be Owner Con- contractor gives a contract credit unusually no less than a year, and might
trolled Insurance Policies (OCIP) that equal to its usual insurance premium also involve 20 or more definitions.
then include the owner as an insured, (based on contract price). Under a Wrap Up, it’s a single lifeboat
or, Contractor Controlled Insurance In the aggregate, that may total situation, all-for-one, one-for-all,
Policies (CCIP) which exclude the less than the premium cost of the where finger pointing is not necessary.
owner but include the contractor and OCIP or CCIP. So the owner reduces One lawyer. One carrier. One adjuster.
its subcontractors as insureds. project cost by creating a less ex- Cleaner living and quicker resolution.
Why did these arise? Mainly, two pensive insurance project, which, in There are potential pitfalls with
reasons. theory, has the same protection. Wrap Ups that require careful review
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COVER STORY
with the broker before choosing an needs to be set forth in indemnity form” coverage to match the terms of
OCIP or CCIP. clauses, and that is where “fault” argu- the CGL policy terms — but your broker
ments still apply, especially if a high should verify that.
} One is to make sure coverage is deductible. Many smaller subcontractors will
indeed equal to what a typical CGL OCIPs and CCIPs do not typically not automatically have an excess or
policy covers. Some Wrap Ups do include design professionals, who are umbrella policy.
not cover “employee over” suits by covered by a different form of policy, Consider requiring excess coverage,
injured employees, for example. the Professional Liability Policy. if only to verify the financial stability
} Also, it is important to get all sub- of the subcontractor and its own risk
contractors enrolled and enrolled EXCESS OR UMBRELLA POLICIES management system as mature.
timely. I saw a case where a trucker On all large public works projects,
or hauler trying to off-load a crane and most large private projects, HAULING AND CARGO POLICIES
the day before the crane company the owner will insist on an excess Most contractors hire third party
was about to work when the boom or umbrella policy by the prime truckers and haulers to move their
hit the neighboring building. The contractor. These range from $3 to non-road equipment from jobsite to
crane company was not yet enrolled. $10 million, but can be much higher jobsite. Those haulers will need haul-
Then, coverage may be lacking under on mega-projects. ing or cargo insurance in addition
the OCIP or CCIP for that pre-enroll- The purpose of an excess or umbrella their own suite of insurance, including
ment incident. coverage is to extend the coverage of a CGL and auto.
CGL policy beyond its policy limits, as Cargo insurance covers damage
If a CCIP is used, then usually the a further insurance buffer for a large to equipment being hauled. So, if
CCIP names the owner as an additional claim. The excess carrier has no duty the trucker runs into the back of a
insured. If an OCIP, the premium is to cover or defend until the primary car on the highway, damage to the
paid by the owner. coverage is exhausted. rear-ended vehicle is covered by the
Deductible responsibility usually Usually this policy will have “follow auto policy.
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY 0DQXIDFWXULQJ,QF Centrally located in St. Louis, MO,

EQUIPMENT COMPANY the complete line of MKT Pile
www.MKTpileman.com driving and Drilling equipment has
been providing quality, U.S. made
products to contractors throughout
EQUIPMENT the Nation since 1986.
t Excavator Mount – Side Clamp Vibratory
Drivers / Extractors t Excavator Lead Systems
t Crane Hung Hydraulic Vibratory Drivers /
Extractors t Hydraulic Auger Systems
t Hydraulic Impact Hammers t Diesel Hammers
t Air Hammers t CZM Drill Rigs
SERVICES MKT V-2Esc
t Knowledgeable equipment
applications support
t 24/7 parts and service support
t Custom design and fabrication
Mississippi Valley Equipment Company

1198 Pershall Road, St. Louis, MO 63137
phone 800.325.8001 www.MVE-STL.com
“Since 1933”

Quality steel sheet
pile solutions
855-JD-FIELDS
COVER STORY
When the crane falls off the low-boy
trailer and is damaged, that is covered
by the cargo policy.
My experience is that many truckers,
especially the smaller, one- or two-
truck owning family businesses, are
underinsured.
The policies have exclusions that are
not obvious. I recommend a contractor
secure all the hauler’s policies and have
the broker review them for adequacy
and policy limits.
For clients, I recommend a master
hauler agreement to cover all hauling
orders and transport.
In some cases, a contractor may want
to have risk tiers so some haulers with
lower insurance can move less-expen-
sive equipment. The big ticket items
can be hauled only by those trucking
companies with extensive insurance.
Beware here.
THE REST OF THE RISK

TRANSFER JIG SAW PUZZLE:
ADDITIONAL INSURED, INDEMNITY,
SUBROGATION, DEDUCTIBLES AND
SELF INSURED RETENTIONS
It’s true — talking insurance is like

listening to the weather channel, slow,
boring, and tedious with traps for the
unwary. To round this out:
ADDITIONAL INSURED
Additional Insured (AI) status is a
key feature on most projects. Owners the additional insurance is “primary the defense and protection (indemnity
insist that prime contractors and their and non-contributory over all other and hold harmless) of the other party
subcontractors name the owner as an insurance.” for a common risk of liability.
additional insured, with an issued ad- That places the AI coverage ahead Most insurance companies require
ditional insured certificate. of all other insurance, which becomes subcontracts to have a broad form of
The prime contractor will want to excess, in theory. indemnity called Type I that places all
have the same regime with its sub- In practice, this is often a dog fight the risk downstream, “to the greatest
contractors, requiring they name the between carriers on multiple levels, as extent permitted by law.”
prime as an additional insured on their they trade barbs, policy language plot The law in most jurisdictions pre-
policy and issue insurance certificates twists, and court cases from different cludes indemnity for intentional acts or
to that effect. jurisdictions saying opposite things. the other parties’ sole negligence.
To make this work, the subject Some states have passed “anti-
prime contract and subcontracts INDEMNITY indemnity” legislation that limits
should have an indemnity clause Indemnity is basically a clause that indemnity to “active negligence”
(making it an “insured contract,” an attempts to say, “you pay for what I and excludes indemnity for “design
insurance term of art for assumed break” or “as between you and me, you defect” as legislatures have concluded
contractual liability). pay 100 percent for what we together, these limits on indemnity are impor-
It is also important to provide in the or, you and others break.” tant to keep their state user-friendly
contracts that the additional insur- It involves a subcontractor-to-a- for insurers wary of over-absorbing
ance and AI certificate provide that prime, or prime-to-an-owner, assuming project risk.

IS NOT ALWAYS
DERRICKS: THE ALTE

ALTERNA
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A derrick is an engineered structure, attached to a foundation, powered by an independent hoist. Its geometric design i
offers a KLJKHUHIĆFLHQF\ than a conventional crane. With a low gross weight and VPDOOIRRWSULQW, a derrick is often a
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such as bridge construction, rooftop material handling, tower crane dismantling, GXW\F\FOHDSSOLFDWLRQV, steel erection and
power generation. Whether
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above, a derrick offers a YDVWDPRXQWRIYHUVDWLOLW\
DPRXQWRIYHUVDWLOLW\)URPWRQWRWRQFDSDFLW\OHWXVKHOS\RXĆQGDQ
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TIME SAVER COMPACT DESIGN STABLE & SAFE EXTENDED REACH
pile@fmmafco.com | www.fmmafco.com
FMM133
COVER STORY
SUBROGATION
Subrogation is a process of “pay- MANY BROKERS WILL REVIEW YOUR CONTRACTS
and-chase” where a party or insurance
company pays for a loss and then seeks FOR INSURANCE COMPLIANCE AND I RECOMMEND IT
reimbursement from another party AS PART OF THAT RELATIONSHIP. BRING IN YOUR
who in fairness should pay it.
A classic example is a first party LEGAL COUNSEL FOR AN ANNUAL TUNE UP. GO OVER
auto policy paying for an accident ALL THE POLICIES AT LEAST TWICE A YEAR, AND
caused by an uninsured motorist, and
then the carrier suing the uninsured START THE RENEWAL PROCESS EARLY.
motorist. Or, a prime contractor’s car-
rier paying to re-roof a defective roof
and then suing the roofer for recovery clauses for contractors as they shut off insurance market has responded to ex-
of those costs. opportunities to recoup insurance losses. cess loss runs, or that the company has
decided its internal risk management is
WAIVER OF SUBROGATION DEDUCTIBLES AND well enough developed to adjust losses
Some contracts provide for “waiv- SELF-INSURED RETENTIONS under $100,000 (or more) in-house, and
er of subrogation.” This clause is Almost all insurance policies require save on premiums.
most often seen in AIA construction the insured to pay a deductible when
contract forms, some say cynically, the loss is settled. DEDUCTIBLE AND SIR AMOUNTS AND
to protect the architect and his con- Some use Self Insured Retentions WHO PAYS WHEN AN ADDITIONAL
sultants from design defect claims by (SIRs) which basically mean the INSURED IS INVOLVED
the prime contractor’s carrier after insured is self-insured up to a certain When the deductible or SIR is
settling with the owner. dollar amount. sizable — $25,000 or more — it
I tend to think these are not good An SIR can mean, if sizable, that the becomes very important to allocate
HEAVY CIVIL & MARINE
INFRASTRUCTURE
PORTS &
TERMINALS
BRIDGES &
TUNNELS
DAMS & PPM CIVIL CONSTRUCTORS, ULC
HYDRO
A Pacific Pile & Marine Company
DREDGING &
CAPPING
MARINE
IS NOW OPERATING IN CANADA
STRUCTURES
EXCAVATION
& BACKFILL
FOUNDATION
& SHORING
DEMOLITION
& SALVAGE
info@ppmcivilconstructors.com
604.783.9079
206.331.3873 info@pacificpile.com

skylinesteel.com | 888.450.4330
ΞϮϬϭϳ^ŬǇůŝŶĞ^ƚĞĞů͕>>͘^ŬǇůŝŶĞ^ƚĞĞůŝƐĂǁŚŽůůǇͲŽǁŶĞĚƐƵďƐŝĚŝĂƌǇŽĨEƵĐŽƌŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƌŽĨƐƚĞĞůŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘
COVER STORY
responsibility for its payment in the potential uninsured risk.
contractor prime contract. Many brokers will review your con- MARK J. RICE
If an additional insured makes a tracts for insurance compliance and I Mark J. Rice is a
claim, that party wants indemnity from recommend it as part of that relationship. practicing attorney
the covered claim but also the deduct- Bring in your legal counsel for an an- representing pile
ible or SIR. The carrier will not cover nual tune up. Go over all the policies at driving contractors
the SIR or deductible, so that issue then least twice a year, and start the renewal for over 25 years on
falls back to the indemnity clause. process early. all facets of their busi-
Usually, more specific contract lan- If there is every a better-safe-than- ness, from collections, claims, differing
guage is used to address this issue, such sorry arena, this is it. site conditions and specification claims,
as “subcontractor shall be responsible delay claims, crane accident resolution,
for all SIRs and deductibles.” CONCLUSION insurance, bid and contract forms, and
Also, a subcontract or prime con- corporate advising. Mr. Rice is a mem-
tract usually should limit the deduct- Selecting your broker: It is important ber of the California Associated General
ible or SIR, either to $10,000 or some that your broker has experience in your Contractors Legal Advisory Committee,
fair amount commensurate with the industry and the size of your company. and a member of trade associations
project size. It is important your broker reviews serving the deep foundation and pile
your additional insured and enroll- driving industries. Mr. Rice is a frequent
TALK TO YOUR BROKER — OFTEN ment programs and audit a job- or lecturer on liens, stop notices, Miller Act
two-a-year for compliance and help and other bond claims, construction
None of the above is self-executing. with staff training. management and project delivery.
It’s the worse time to learn you are Building a strong relationship with a
Email: markjrice@msrwlaw.com
underinsured when an accident occurs, carrier who knows your risk and your
Firm’s website: www.msrwlaw.com
and now you are reporting to the Board mindset can be a further benefit when
of Directors or CPA that there is a the bump-in-the-night occurs.
Over 20 years of building hose and fittings We can help make

a positive impact
bundles for the pile driving industry… on your next job.
www.apevibro.com
www.apevibro.com
in supplying hose & fittings to the Pacific

e r 4 0 yea rs of experience Northwes
Ov dustrial & Marine Grade H
ose Specialists ( Hydrostatic Pressure Testing & C t. ertification
Hydraulic, In nt ( M arin e G ra de Fit ti n g s & Acces s ori es ( S heet R u bb er,
andling Equ i pm e G as ke t Material & Ad
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Proud to be Employee Owned.
Toll Free: 800-678-1999 Proud To Sell
www.pacificrubberinc.com US Made

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sç High availability and long service-life due to robust equipment technology
sç Low emission and high efficiency thanks to intelligent drive systems
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sç Optimized construction processes thanks to comprehensive consultation
Liebherr USA,
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Nenzing
7075 Bennington Street,
Houston, TX 77028-5812
Phone: +1 713 636 4050
crawler.crane@liebherr.com
facebook.com/LiebherrConstruction
www.liebherr.com
INDUSTRY NEWS
ADSC CEO MICHAEL D. MOORE, ANDREW BURNS
AND TERRENCE HOLMAN INDUCTED INTO THE MOLES
is with great pride that we
It announce that ADSC CEO

Michael D. Moore, Andrew
Burns of ADSC Contractor
Member Underpinning & Foundations
Skanska and Terrence Holman of ADSC
Technical Affiliate Member Turner
Engineering Group were inducted into
The Moles, in New York, May 3, 2017.
They were welcomed into the Associa-
tion by fellow Moles at a dinner at the
New York Hilton.
The Moles, a fraternal organization of
the heavy construction industry, is the
most prestigious organization of its kind
in the world. Moles members are leaders
in their profession who are dedicated
to promoting the industry and supporting their colleagues heavy construction industry to the end that past and future
through outreach programs and networking opportunities. friendships among the members be fostered and cemented;
The purpose of the Association is to promote better that meetings and other gatherings be held to exchange
acquaintance among those individuals engaged in the construction information, and promote good fellowship
among the members; that advancement of the heavy con-
struction art be achieved, and outstanding performance be
recognized through Awards; and that, in the public interest,
standards of construction be raised both as to engineering
and as to business ethics.
The Membership of the Association is comprised of
individuals now or formerly engaged in the construction of
tunnel, subway, sewer, foundation, marine, subaqueous or
other heavy construction projects. A new member must be
PE recommended by a current member. Five reference letters
LICENSED
IN 38 are then required. After this has been done the prospective
STATES member must be elected by Moles members.
Moore, Burns and Holman have all contributed greatly to
raising the standards and safety of the construction industry.
In addition, they have encouraged young people, through
education programs and outreach to participate in heavy
construction and its related fields. Their goal, as is ADSC’s, is
increasing the industry standard of quality control and qual-
ity assurance with an emphasis on assuring safe practices.
ADSC congratulates them on this honor.
FIELD OF SERVICES:
SPECIALIZATION: v 'HVLJQ
v Cofferdams v &RQVXOWDWLRQ
v %XONKHDGV THE MOLES, A FRATERNAL ORGANIZATION
v (PHUJHQF\5HVSRQVH
v 6XSSRUWRI([FDYDWLRQ v &ODLPV$VVLVWDQFH OF THE HEAVY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY,
IS THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS ORGANIZATION
0XOWLSOH\HDUVH[SHULHQFHWDNLQJRQFKDOOHQJHVRIGLIoFXOWGHVLJQ OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD.
SUREOHPVLQWKHVSHFLDOL]HGDUHDRIFRIIHUGDPVUHWDLQLQJZDOOV
IRXQGDWLRQVXSSRUWDQGGDPDJHGVWUXFWXUHV
716-759-2800 www.hartmanengineering.com

Registration Opens March 5-10
October 2017 Hilton Orlando
Buena Vista Palace
Orlando, Florida
• 3,000+ Attendees • 50+ Concurrent Technical Sessions

• More than 20 PDH’s Available • Full and Half Day Short Courses
• Indoor and Outdoor Exhibits • NEW! Tool Trek for Engineers
• Over 30 Hours of Exhibit Time • Special Lectures Including: Terzaghi, O’Neill,
• Network with Industry Leaders Peck, Gerwick, Seed, Osterberg and the
inaugural E. A. L. Smith
COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS
FDOT
Florida Department
Europe Chapter
of Transportation
India Chapter
Middle East Chapter
www.ifcee2018.com
INDUSTRY NEWS
SOILMEC OPENED ITS
DOORS FOR A THREE-
DAY EVENT DEDICATED
TO INTERNATIONAL AND
ITALIAN CUSTOMERS
rom May 18th to May 20th the
F Open House gathered in Cesena,

at the Soilmec beating heart,
more than 1,000 visitors from
the five continents.
During these days we made get the
hands on who we are, how we operate, each other and confront, to share op- incomparable for safety solutions,
which is the environment where we portunities of deepening products and ergonomics and design and with the
work every day and, especially, on the technologies, to listen to sector experts highest quality standards typical of
spirit and the culture that underpin our and international motivational speakers, the “Made in Italy”.
way of doing business. to see the production process and the Three days we deeply lived next to our
We also outlined the path we want machines in action in our new test field. customers to underline that Soilmec is
to follow towards the next decade, a Three days to share the passion and with them in every moment, with every
path we would like to share with all the commitment we invest everyday asset, from the development of products
our customers. with the goal of offering a product that and technologies to the presence on site.
It’s been an appointment to know is technically at the top of our sector, “Muddy Boots. Unbeaten Routes”.
DRIVEN PILE FOUNDATION TESTING SERVICES

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DIRECTORY
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1& NEW & USED PIPE
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SECTIONAL BARGES FOR SALE SPRAYBOT – AUTOMATED SPRAY ROBOT

EQUIPMENT NEW. IL. All equipment is for sale or lease.
3 units 24x48x4 $54,000 each. 2 units
NEW. OH. Designed to apply a wide range
of spray applied membranes, the cross
30x40x3 $60,000 each. 20 units 10x40x5 section profiles achieved are second to
OLDER WORKING PILE HAMMERS FOR SALE
shugart style $28,500 each. 3 Push boats none. This means tolerances are achieved
& PRICED TO SELL
8x25x3 with 150 Hp $38,000 each. 1 push lending to the materials being installed
Used. WI.
boat 8x25x3 with 60 hp Suzuki $30,000. in a cured film that replicates the desired
(1) MKT Diesel Pile Hammer, DE 30B,
1 push boat 8x30x3 with 150 hp Yamaha model during each and
2800 lbs. w/80 ft. leads
$39,000. 1 Crane barge 12x30x3 with 5000 every use. The Spraybot
(2) Delmag D12 Pile Hammers w/ 75 ft. leads
lbs autocrane and 90 hp Mercury $80,000. is the ONLY automated
(1) Linkbelt Model 250 Pile Hammer w/ leads
spray robot
(1) Linkbelt Model 180 Pile Hammer w/ leads B&R Construction
built in the
(1) 4000 lb. Drop Hammer w/50’ leads 217-287-7955
USA. This
(See Yoder & Frey 2/10 Auction also) Several
means, you
other Pile Hammers available. Contact for
receive in-person
more info. CONTACT.
training. CONTACT.
Construction Equipment Exchange
SprayWorks
262-835-2954
330-587-4141
cal@dykstraequipment.com
2008 JUNTTAN PM20L

KOBELCO 200 SR LC
USED. 2008. CANADA. S/N: 1505. Cummins
USED. 2001. ON. Equipped with thumb,
PUSH BOATS, CRANE BOATS, WORK BOATS 6.7 liter engine. One owner. 4/5S Hammer.
quick attach and dual hydraulics with Only
NEW. IL. All equipment is for sale or lease. Isuzu 8KW generator that heats the engine,
6000 hours on machine the Undercarriage
3 units 24x48x4 $54,000 each. 2 units provides 120volt power and charges
is 75% with a Isuzu motor, this Excavator
30x40x3 $60,000 each. 20 units 10x40x5 the batteries. 10,200 hours. Capable of
is a consignment sale for a client who is
shugart style $28,500 each. 3 Push boats installing a 60 foot pile. Major rebuild
motivated to sell asking $64,500.00 or best
8x25x3 with 150 Hp $38,000 each. 1 push in 2015, with over $200,000 in paint and
offer, machine is located at our client’s
boat 8x25x3 with 60 hp Suzuki $30,000. repairs. $695,000.
yard please contact us to arrange viewing
1 push boat 8x30x3 with 150 hp Yamaha
the machine. $64,500. 780-466-5237
$39,000. 1 Crane barge 12x30x3 with 5000
McArthur Equipment lbs autocrane and 90 hp Mercury $80,000.
570-326-7077
B&R Construction
217-287-7955
TEI EXCAVATOR DRILL HEM560

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parts for virtually all makes of machines.
while installing soil nails, hollow bars, tei
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backs and micropiles. CONTACT.
the world. CONTACT FOR PRICE.
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United Equipment (Craig)
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503-283-2106

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Digga planetary driver set up and ready to Handler. Brand new hard solid rubber
CraneWorks, Inc.
drive piles 2 7/8 thru 3 1/2 and also a E Terra tires, new suspension and new drive
281-660-3091
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$32,000. rear window and right side. Pallet fork,
quick coupler, hydraulic hoses with quick
Dillercorp
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360-920-8159
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Marine Bulkheading Inc.
516-510-1400
MAIT HR 160/180
2003 IMT AF80 DRILL RIG W TOOLING, Used. 2000. ONTARIO. $275,000.
CAT ENGINE
ECA Canada Company
Used. NY. 2003 IMT AF80 Drill Rig for sale PILECO DIESEL HAMMER
(Visit Steel Giant website for
with tooling (5) rock and dirt augers Used. 2008. MS 110 ft. angel boom. 3 drums.
contact information)
(4) core barrels and (2) Kelly bar drive 400 hrs. total. Catwalks both sides. EROPS
adapters. Max drilling torque 60000 ft just painted and re-certified. $335,000.
lbs. Rotary Head, CAT engine 3046T. 114 HP,
Specialty Piling Systems, Inc.
CAT Lower. 2747 Hours. Serial #. NXL1075.
888-231-6478
$160,000.
Marine Bulkheading Inc.
516-510-1400
LINK-BELT 8050 HYDRAULIC ROUGH

TERRAIN CRANE JIB
Used. 1998. NY. 1998 Link-Belt 8050
Hydraulic Rough Terrain Crane Jib. Bi-fold MANITEX TC450142 ON 2016 KENWORTH T800
fly. Excellent condition. $6,500. NEW. 2016. TX. TC450.011, 45 Ton Basic BAUER PILECO
Machine, 142' Five Section Telescopic Boom
Marine Bulkheading Inc. 713-699-7645
– Heavy Lift Option. 30.5' Retracted 55'
516-510-1400
Extended 2 Piece Jib w/ Hard Wired ATB,
(QA). Free Swing / No Free Swing Option w/
High Torque Swing drive. New Style Tilting
Operator’s Cab with Heat & A/C. Standard
Mount Installation. ROC solid radio remote
outrigger controls & control valve for
» 2013 KLEMM 806-3D
optional FBS. Front Bumper Stabilizer.
USED. 2013. TX. S/N: 66310. Double Rotary
Front Bumper Stabilizer mounting Bracket.
Head: KH20 / KH9. Water Pump. Clamp
35 Ton, 3 Sheave Hook Block for 1 – 6 Part
& Break Type H 10” (254mm). Diesel
Line. Truck Telemetry (engine monitoring

Engine: Deutz TCD 2012 L06 2V. 147 kw Rexroth piston Fixed Motors (15,000.00
@ 2300 rpm. Tier III. Oscillating Tracks. USD Value). (2015) Repaired 5 Stage BIGFOOT CRANE COMPANY, INC.
16.5t. CONTACT. Commercial Pump (4,000.00 USD Value). 604-626-1777
$425,000.
» 2006 KLEMM KR 806-2 » CRANE WIND METERS

USED. 2006. TX. S/N: 64020. Double NEW. WA. With service ranges from 500
Rotary Heads: KH16 / KH9. Water Pump. meters/1,640’ up to 1,300 meters/4,265’
Clamp & Break Type H 10” (254mm). plus an additional blue tooth
Diesel Engine: CAT 3056 EATACC. 129 kw transmission of 100 meters/325’ from
@ 2300 rpm. Tier II. Winch. Oscillating the display box you get unprecedented
Tracks. 15.5t. CONTACT. real time wind data and with the use
of our WINDY software install onto your
team smart phones your entire crew
literally has safety in the palm of their
hand. $1,675.
» 2012 KLEMM KR 702-2 » SMARTPHONE WIND METERS

USED. 2006. TX. S/N: 19152. Rotary NEW. WA. WINDY™ Smartphone
Head: KH20. Telescopic Mast. Clamp Anemometers consist of wind speed
& Break Type EF 14” (356mm). Diesel and/or direction sensors which wirelessly
Engine: Deutz TCD 2012 L04 2V. 95 kw @ transmit real time wind and temperature
2300 rpm. Tier III. 5.2t. CONTACT. data to your smartphone or tablet. With
a free app, you can read instant data of
current, average and maximum wind
speed, direction, temperature and view
» HUTTE HBR605 FOR SALE history graphs. $475.
USED. 2007. CANADA. S/N: H605ZX0141.
Hours: 4230. Includes: T1200 High Speed
Rod Head -- HG12 Rotary Head -- BW
1500 Winch -- Extended Swivel Mast
has Head Sheave -- HG19 Casing Head
-- Beka Lube Auto Greaser System --
Attached Articulating Boom Crane for
Handling Casing. $161,500.
BERMINGHAMMER
800-668-9432
» EMERGENCY RESCUE PLATFORM

» HPSI 1600
NEW. WA. Manufactured by BOSCARO.
USED. 1998. CANADA. 16,000 in-lb Exciter.
The unit can fit two personnel, as well
Caisson clamp for driving up to 120”
as a stretcher, and because of an easily
liners. 150’ Hose Bundle. (2015) Repaired

Pile Buck presents its newest addition to our
collection of literature…
Basics of
Foundation Design
Written by Bengt H. Fellenius, Dr.Tech., P.Eng.,
the “Red Book” presents a background to conventional
foundation analysis and design. The text is not intended to
replace the much more comprehensive ‘standard’ textbooks,
but rather to support and augment these in a few important
areas, supplying methods applicable to practical cases
handled daily by practicing engineers and providing the
basic soil mechanics background to those methods.
To order, visit PileBuck.com or call 866-573-0708.

accessible side ramp, personnel can be Ex-Works factory, Italy. This series can
transferred on and off with ease. The
emergency rescue platform can also be
go up to 196’ 9” free standing using
ground anchors or a mobile base.
MATERIALS
used as a standard 4-person basket, CONTACT. $255,000.
W36 STEEL BEAMS VARIOUS SIZES
giving you the benefits of two baskets
USED. 2011-2012. CA. Used once. Vary in sizes
in one. CONTACT.
from 150 to 395 lbs per foot. Lengths from
20 to 45 feet. MTR’s available. Great for
Shoring or Falsework. CONTACT.
Balfour Beatty (Dean)
707-427-8900
» AUTO LEVELING PALLET FORKS

NEW. WA. The Boscaro crane forks are
auto leveling thanks to an internal » KOENIG K72 SELF ERECTING TOWER CRANE
spring system. Other valuable features USED. 2006. WA.
include adjustable width and height,
as well as a fork length of 4’ which WANTED STEEL
increases stability and I am always buying new and used sheet
safety. All of our piling, h-piles, pipe, large wide flange
crane forks either beams, road plate, etc.
meet or surpass MT Kaye Steel
ASME protocol 215-638-9524
and are therefore
certified for use NEW SURPLUS HP14 X 89 H PILING
within North NEW. NJ. All cert’s available. H 14×89. 312
America. The available. 40 (length). 89 (Lbs./ft.)
forks are 1,110,720 (Total Wt.) More
tagged and available! CONTACT.
come with
the necessary supporting paperwork for F.S. Supply
their ASME compliance. By meeting ASME Corporation
standards the crane forks also fulfill all 732-739-5570
OSHA/WCB specifications. CONTACT.
» POTAIN HDT-80 STEEL PIPE
» KOENIG K28-S SELF ERECTING USED. 2003. WA. We also have another USED. 2011-2012. CA. Used once. 36”
TOWER CRANE 2001 HDT 80, 148’ jib and multiple height diameter. Wall thicknesses from 5/8” to
USED. 1994. WA. We have 2 of these settings. CONTACT. 1 1/2”. 60 foot lengths. 5/8” to 1” A252-
available (both 1994 units). Please call 10-Gr 3. Greater than 1” API-5L. MTR’s
for details and pricing. CONTACT. available. Approx. 5000 tons total. Great
for shoring or falsework. CONTACT.
Balfour Beatty (Dean)
707-427-8900
» SAN MARCO SMT 550 CITY CRANE

NEW. WA. Price is based on on Complete
crane package with 118’ of service
height, installed with ground anchor

42
D E E P F O U N D AT I O N S I N S T I T U T E
nd
New Orleans
eans Marriott | October 24-27, 2017
Network with the largest gathering of

practitioners specializing in cutting-edge
technologies for deep foundations and risk
management.
Share international experiences with
worldwide experts.
Discuss and debate technical topics related
to deep foundations and ground
improvement, particularly critical
infrastructure, soft soils, piling-related
design and monitoring practices.
Participate in risk-related discussions,
including failures and lessons learned on
case histories from the perspectives of
owners, contractors and engineers and
integrated risk management processes.
Hear about DFI’s committee research
initiatives aimed at advancing the
state-of-practice of deep foundations and
excavation support.
Visit the Exhibit Hall featuring 120
companies.
Explore New Orleans!
For more information

or to register, visit
www.deepfoundations2017.org
USED PZ13 SHEET PILING FOR SALE DYWIDAG THREADBAR » 24” X .375” PIPE
USED. NJ. PZC13 Pair. 15 (length). 28 DYWIDAG Threadbar available in mill USED. FL. ASTM A252 GR3. 25 pieces – 13' –
(quantity). 100.8 (Wt Bar). 21.7 (Wt/Sq lengths up to 60’ or cut to your required 16' long. $19.00/L.F. CONTACT.
Ft.) 420 (Total SF.) 42,336 (Total Weight). length in grades 75, 80, 100 and 150.
4.65 (Ft./Double). 130.1 (Total Wall). More CONTACT.
available! CONTACT.
DYWIDAG-Systems International, USA, Inc.
F.S. Supply Corporation 630-739-1100
732-739-5570 dsiamerica@dsiamerica.com
» 10” X 42# H-BEAM – GR50

USED. FL. 106 @ 15’ , 7 @ 13’ , 32 @ 10’. -
$8.00/ L.F. CONTACT.
ED WATERS AND SONS CONTRACTING
904.823.8817
DOCK FENDER MATERIAL

CO. We have UHMW plastic bar stock from
a US Coast Guard project. This UHMW was » 9 5/8” X .450” WALL PIPE
rejected b/c it was wrong color of orange. USED. FL. ASTM A252-98 GR3 with test
35 pcs @ 4" x 12" x 18' in Denver. CONTACT. reports. 29 pieces- 65’ with 1 midweld.
Damon w/ repurposed MATERIALS $10.00/L.F. CONTACT.
303-321-1471 » CRANE TRESTLE
USED. FL. 32 sections, 32' long makes 512'.
Designed for 60 ton crane full span or
larger with intermediate bents. Each girder
contains 3 each, 18W70 beams with HP 8 x
36 connecting diaphragms. $55,000.
PS 27.5 SHEET PILING » 12 3/4” X .375” PIPE

USED. PAPS 27.50 Flat Style Sheet Piling. USED. FL. ASTM A252 GR3 with 3/4” end
2,000 Ton Available – Comes as Pairs – Sold plates. 12 pieces – 20’ long. $11.00/L.F.
in Truckloads. Used Once – Great Condition CONTACT.
– Pictures Available. Available Up to 65’.
FOB Pittsburgh, PA $.27/lb. Cut to Your
Length at No Extra Charge. CONTACT. » 18' CONCRETE PILES
Eastern Metal Trading Co., Inc. USED. FL. 18" Concrete Piles - 9 @ 53' - 2 @
856-216-1900 42' - 1 @ 30' - 1 @ 19' - 2 @ 21' - 1 @ 17' -
$10/L.F. CONTACT.

SINCE 1984.
THE DEEP FOUNDATIONS AND
MARINE CONSTRUCTION MAGAZINE.
For over 30 years, Pile Buck has been the premier source of current news,
event information, engineering tips and supplier information for the deep
foundations and marine construction industries. Let Pile Buck keep you up to
date and informed on industry standards by subscribing to Pile Buck Magazine.
Get a 1-year subscription for just $10 (national) or $30 (international).
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Advertise now and save! Contact info@pilebuck.com for more information.
(866) 573-0708 • www.pilebuck.com

ADVERTISING INDEX
Aggregate Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Hayward Baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Pacific Rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
www.aggregatetechnologies.com www.haywardbaker.com www.pacificrubberinc.com
American Equipment & Fabricating Corp. . . . . . .20 IDEAL Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 PENGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
www.american-equipment.com www.stelcor.com www.pengoattachments.com
American Piledriving Equipment Inc . . . . . . . C2-1 IFCEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Pieresearch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
www.apevibro.com www.ifcee2018.com www.pieresearch.com
Armador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Independence Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Pile Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
www.armador.com.tr www.independencetube.com www.pile.com
Arntzen Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 International Drilling Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Pine River Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
www.arntzenpipe.com www.idedrills.com www.pinerivergroup.com
Bauer Pileco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 JD Fields & Company Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11, 93 Poseidon Barge Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
www.bauerpileco.com www.jdfields.com www.poseidonbarge.com
Bellingham Marine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Jeffrey Machine Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Precision Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
www.bellingham-marine.com www.jeffreymachine.com www.precisiondrill.com
Bermingham Foundation Solutions . . . . . . . . . . 15 Johnston Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 PVE Equipment USA Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
www.berminghammer.com www.pve-equipment.com
Junttan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
BSP International Foundations Ltd . . . . . . . . . . 66 www.junttan.com Samuel Roll Form Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
www.bsp-if.com www.rollformgroup.com
Keystone Drill Services Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
CGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 www.keystonedrill.com Second Chance Line Restraint LLC . . . . . . . . . . . .82
www.cgsinc.net www.secondchancelinerestraintllc.com
Lally Pipe & Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Champion Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 www.lallypipe.com Service Steel Warehouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
www.champion-equipment.com www.servicesteel.org
Lane Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Chance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 www.lane-enterprises.com SF Marina Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
www.hubbellpowersystems.com/abchance www.sfmarinausa.com
Leffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Cianbro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 www.championsales.com/products/leffer Shoreline Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
www.cianbro.com www.shorelinesteel.com
Liebherr Nenzing Crane Company . . . . . . . . . . 99
Deep Foundations Institute (DFI). . . . . . . . . . . . 113 www.liebherr.com Skyline Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 97
www.deepfoundations2017.org www.skylinesteel.com
Loadtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Denso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 www.loadtest.com Smith Brothers Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
www.densona.com www.smithbarge.com
Lodge Lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Equipment Corporation of America (ECA). . . . 60-61 www.lodgelumber.com Soilmec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
www.ecanet.com www.soilmecna.com
Malcolm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
ESC Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 www.malcolmdrilling.com Stab Cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
www.escsteel.com www.stabcat.com
Meever USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-27
Exact Crane & Equipment Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 www.meever.us Sterling Lumber Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
www.exactcrane.com www.sterlinglumber.com
Merco Marine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
F&M MAFCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 www.mercoboatdocks.com Steven M. Hain Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
www.fmmafco.com www.smhainco.com
Mississippi Valley Equipment Co. / MKT . . . . . . . .92
Fraley Construction Marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 www.mve-stl.com Sun Piledriving Equipment LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3
www.fraleyconstructionmarketing.com www.spe-usa.net
NUMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Global Diving & Salvage Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 www.numahammers.com TEI Rock Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
www.gdiving.com www.teirockdrills.com
Olinpump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
GMS Piling Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 www.olinpump.com TracMec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
www.gmspiling.com www.tracmec.com
Omega Trestle LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
GRL Engineers Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 www.omegatrestle.com Watson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C4
www.GRLengineers.com www.watsonusa.com
Pacific Pile & Marine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Hartman Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 www.pacificpile.com W.E. Couplings Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
www.hartmanengineering.com www.tremie.co.uk
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SOIL IMPROVEMENT: METHODS TO ENHANCE SOFT GROUND CONDITIONS

PUBLISHED 6 TIMES A YEAR

THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP FOUNDATIONS MAY/JUN 2017

By Mark Rice, Esq.

The most durable, dependable

Model 200-6 Vibratory

Call for more information:

Patented breakthrough suppressor cuts down

Hydraulic motors are recessed which

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Giant spherical bearings are ﬁve times larger

APE vibros are used by more

a 30% increase in strength.

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The ability to use a lighter sheet pile

Products and Services available from Service Steel

See table on reverse side. Servicesteel.org Contact Gerry McShane at 713-210-9323

9.5 Larssen Interlock

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USED SHEET PILE / STEEL FOR SALE:

USED PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT FOR SALE:

2015 Bermingham B-64

Call Barry at 207-679-2218 for pricing and availability.

Leipzig, Germany. 7th Apr, 2015. A vibrating device

COVER STORY PILE BUCK SPOTLIGHT INDUSTRY NEWS

pilebuck.com | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | Pile Buck Magazine 7

Sarah Milstead Don C. Warrington, P.E.

Mailing Address P.O. Box 64-3609

ADVERTISE IN THE NEXT ISSUE

NZ 14 30.31 13.39 0.375 55 21.77 25.65 171.7

Visit www.skylinesteel.com/nz or call 888.450.4330.

Know Your Insurance

We never know for certain what

Unless you trust your broker and

Alex Smoot, Editor

10 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

12 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

Photo Credit: Mike Dotta

Send us your photo for

pilebuck.com | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | Pile Buck Magazine 13

A NEW 8 STORY BUILDING

14 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

STELCOR DDM ELIMINATED THE NEED

pilebuck.com | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | Pile Buck Magazine 15

OVERVIEW introduced as an alternate,

16 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

Be more productive. Get cut-to-length and

 Be more competitive. Get pricing

   Grab a coffee and call

NICHOLSON TAKES ON CSO

18 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

20 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

ENDURING PRODUCTS & PEOPLE

Nicholson Construction completing secant pile

22 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

SAFE TO USE IN HYDRAULIC

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 Calculate bearing capacity and d ass

24 Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.33 No.3 2017 | pilebuck.com

IDE offers the

Immediate delivery from US inventory

More sections will be available soon.

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Be more competitive. Get pricing

Grab a coffee and call

Calculate bearing capacity and d ass