Anal language

Anal, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken
in, is a Northern Naga language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family,
Anal
spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It Namfau
had 23,000 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 50 in Native to India and Burma
Burma in 2010.[1] It has two principal dialects, Laizo and Malshom, and is Region Southeast Manipur
closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei. Ethnicity Anal people
Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain
Native 23,000 (2001 census)[1]
(Shafer 1955:106). Anal is written in the Latin script,[3] with a literacy rate speakers
of about 74%.[1]
Language Sino-Tibetan
family
(Tibeto-Burman)
Naga language
Contents
Northern
History
Anal
Geographical distribution
Dialects Langet?
Alphabet
Vocabulary Language codes
References ISO 639-3 anm

Bibliography Linguist qfs (http://multitree.

List org/codes/qfs) Langet
Glottolog anal1239 (http://glott
History olog.org/resource/lang
uoid/id/anal1239)[2]
The Namfau (Anal Naga) language started to be written down in the 19-
20th century.

Geographical distribution
Anal is spoken in Chandel district, southeastern Manipur, on the banks of the Chakpi River in Chandel, Chakpikarong,
and Engnoupal subdivisions (Ethnologue).

Alphabet
The Latin alphabet is used. It consists of 26 letters.

Vocabulary
The following vocabulary exemplifies words in the language.[4]
 Anal gloss Anal gloss

khol 'deep hole'; 'social division' ahno 'kind of short skirt'

lunguin 'kind of long shawl' zupar 'rice beer'

piruili 'elopement' min 'bride price'

ithin 'divorce' sinnuperu 'adultery'

pakum 'hearth' mote 'first-born'

kepu 'second-born' cakhow 'brown rice'

khon 'fifty rupees' thunlon 'grave'

dao 'kind of iron blade' shingkho 'plate'

vopum 'basket' athiru 'kind of marble necklace'

akarfo 'kind of China necklace' sanamba 'kind of fiddle'

tilli 'kind of flageolet' tuklee 'kind of loom'

References
1. Anal (https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/anm/) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Anal" (http://glottolog.org/resource/lang
uoid/id/anal1239). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Bareh 2007, p. 120
4. Bareh 2007, pp. 119–128

Bibliography
Bareh, Hamlet (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Manipur (https://books.google.com/books?id=XScmdG
vMf7IC&pg=PA120&dq=%22anal+language%22+india&hl=en&ei=ZQwcTp3OBZDOrQfa8_XeCw&sa=X&oi=book
_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false). III. New Delhi: Mittai. ISBN 81-
7099-790-9. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India (https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCk
C&pg=PA1515&dq=%22anal+language%22+india&hl=en&ei=ZQwcTp3OBZDOrQfa8_XeCw&sa=X&oi=book_res
ult&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false). New Delhi: Atlantic. ISBN 81-269-0708-
8. Retrieved 12 July 2011.

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