DURABLE WATERPROOFING SOLUTIONS

FOR UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE - A SELECTION GUIDE

Presenter: Hesham Magdi

Market Field Manager-Waterproofing
Sika - The Waterproofing company
Sika - the Waterproofing company

Sika stands for waterproofing products, system

and application experience since 100 years!
Net Sales reached over 5 Billion Mio CHF in 2013
International network of production and
marketing companies
Subsidiaries in over 80 countries
11’700 employees
Sika
 Target Market

Flooring Sealing and Refurbishment Waterproofing Roofing

Bonding
LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT
OR THE TRAP OF LOW INITIAL INVESTMENT VERSUS RISKS
Investment for waterproofing system Water ingress is causing 80% of damages
versus resulting in
total investment in civil works huge maintenance and repair costs
1-2 %

20 %

98 – 99 %
80%

A reliable Waterproofing System

substantially reduces the Total Costs of Ownership (TCO)
over the entire service life of a concrete structure

7
SERVICE LIFE – DURABILITY OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE

 The nominal service life of new structures is equal to the initiation period.
 Continuous penetration of water / humidity in concrete is “hidden” during initiation
phase

Damage
Collapse 4

Technical Service Life

Nominal Service Life

Spalling 3

Cracking 2
Depassivation 1
Time

Initiation Phase Propagation Phase

8
THE MOST IMPORTANT RULES IN WATERPROOFING

Project requirements
Conceptual design
 Select the appropriate system
for each case Tender and Detailed Design

 It is all about the last detail Complete Specifications:

or the 99 % / 1% rule. Requirements– System – Products –
Execution – Organisation &
 Always consider Responsibilities - Quality
entire waterproofing process Management - Completion

The entire system fails with one single deficiency!

9
DURABILITY / RELIABILITY IN RELATION TO WATER HEAD
Double layer PVC or FPO
high

vacuum system
PVC or FPO membrane compartment
system with integrated control and
injection back-up
Durability – Reliability
mean

Watertight
Pre-applied fully bondedconcrete system
(high quality concrete, detailing, application)
membranes

BitumenLoose
Bitumen 1-layer 2-layerlaid PVC, TPO, EPDM
Torch-on
Torch-on membranes membranes
membranes High quality
without coatings (PU,
compartments)
low

Bitumen PUA...)
Bentonite Membranes
Self-adhesive
membranes
Bituminous
coatings
very low

Cement renders

Damp proofing 5m WH 10m W 15m WH >20m Water Head

Long Term Testing acc. to NEAT- Standard
(100 years service life ?!)

Roxi-Test (24 month)

Laboratory- Test Application Field

Tests

Certification

Sikaplan PVC-P Sarnafil FPO Sikaplan PVC-P

PP-geotextile PP-drainage backed with a PP
PP-drainage geotextile
Drainage: gravel
Durbility Test
Raw material, lab test & technical specifications
Raw material (PVC-P, TPO, TPE, FPO, PVC/NBR, EPDM)

Plastics

Thermoplastics Elastomers Duroplastics

jointing by vulcanization

IIR NBR EPDM CR CSM PUR

welding by temperature

PVC POlyolefines PS PUR PETP PMMA

PVC-U PVC-P PE EVA EBA PE-C CSM PIB PP

PVC-P PVC-P PE-HD PE-LD soft PP

BV NB

Compatible Incompatible
with bitumen with bitumen PE-LLD PE-VLD
Significant lab test for plastic membranes

 Bi-(multi) axial behaviour/ burst strength

 Penetration/ Impact Resistance
 Chemical Resistance
 Workability/ Welding behaviour
 Ageing
Requirements for waterproofing membranes:
▲ resistant against aggressive groundwaters
▲ resistant against permanent compressive strength
▲ optimised tensile strength and elongation
▲ resistant and flexible in cold temperatures
▲ smooth appearance of surface
▲ resistant against punctures
▲ resistant against hydraulic pressure
▲ easy and reliable to install and weld
▲ simple on site quality control
▲ long life expectancy
Specification of Membrane Thickness According to
Water Pressure

Membrane thickness
watertable 0.00m seepage water
1.50mm

Membrane thickness
1.50mm
10.00m dept

Membrane thickness
water pressure
2.00mm to membrane
20.00m depth
Membrane thickness
3.00mm
Sikaplan® Membranes are approved and certified
according to:

Swiss Standard SIA V 280

(material and waterproofing requirements for geomembranes in tunnel)

German Standard DIN 16938, DS 853/835, DIN 4207

(material and waterproofing requirements for geomembranes in tunnel)

Austrian Standard OeNorm B 2209, B 2209-1, B 3700, B 3800

(material and waterproofing requirements for geomembranes in tunnel)
Italian Standard UNI 8202, UNI 0042
(material requirements for geomembranes )

France Standard CCTG / 67 / III, CCTP

(material requirements for geomembranes )

European Standard EN 13967

(material testing requirements for basement waterproofing)
Build-up of layers: waterproofing of bottom slab

Reinforced concrete slab

Geotextile 100g/m²

Protection screed,

Membrane: Sikaplan® waterproofing

membrane,loose laid

Geotextile :(PP) non woven fabric

350g/m²
Blinding concrete, surface must be smooth.

Compacted subgrade
 Compartment System of Waterproofing

Compartment area shall not exceed 150m²

Control/injection-pipes

Sika® Waterbar
How Compartment Systems Work

Possible leaks can be

checked at
control/injection pipes
at all times
Injection of hydrophilic material outside of concrete
structure to completely seal the waterproofing
system again
Application: Pre installed compartment injection Flange
Application: Pre installed compartment injection pipe
Application: Junction Box
Retaining Walls

Diaphragm wall Bored concrete piles Shafting

Shotcrete layer, or
concrete, one side formworked
Driven steel profiles Driven steel beams with
concrete elements
Waterproofing membrane
fixed at retaining wall
Open cut

Exception:concrete, one side formworked,

if steel profiles not removed afterwards
Waterproofing membrane fixed at structural concrete
(free access between structure and retaining wall)
Construction Method :Shafting
Pre Wall Fixation

Temporary fixing

Concrete Level for 1st Casting Level

Permenant fixing
Typical detail between raft and wall

temporary fixing

Secant Pile
Shotcrete

R.C. basement wall

SikaFuko Swell 1

Sika® Waterbar type AR,

heat welded on installed
Sikaplan® 20HL
Waterproofing: Sikaplan® 20HL
waterproofing membrane
R.C. basement slab
Protection layers:
350g/m²
Sand-cement screed 50mm
Blinding concrete 100mm
Construction Method :Open cut
Application: Pre installed compartment injection Flange
Post Wall Fixation
Pre Wall fixing detail (internal)

Sikaplan 20HL membrane

Fixing Roundelles welded to membrane

Spike for anchoring the membrane

to vertical wall
Typical detail between raft and wall

Fixing disc

R.C. basement wall

SikaFuko Swell 1

Sika® Waterbar type AR,

heat welded on installed
Membrane to be Sikaplan® L
folded after concrete Waterproofing: Sikaplan®
waterproofing membrane
R.C. basement slab
Protection layer:
350g/m²
Sand-cement screed 50mm
Blinding concrete 100mm
Post Wall fixing detail (Open Cut)

Fixing distance < 2.00m

Waterproofing: Sikaplan waterproofing membrane,
hot air welded at PVC – roundelle

Spotwise fixing: Sika PVC roundelle, dia. approx. 80mm

fixed with nail and metal washer.

Nail, or spike and washer, suitable to fix Sika roundelle on

concrete wall
Fixing distance < 2.00m

Protection fleece: geotextile as specified, fixed with roundelle

Substrate: concrete wall

Typical compartment detail at raft

Reinforced concrete slab

Compartment: Sika Waterbar type AR ,

directly welded on Sikaplan
membrane, layout acc. to separate shop
drawing.
Protection screed 50mm

Waterproofing: Sikaplan 20HL,

2.00mm waterproofing membrane

Protection fleece: geotextile 350g/m²

Blinding concrete 100mm

Compacted subgrade
 Typical detail at construction joint at raft

Reinforced concrete slab

Compartment: Sika Waterbar type AR , directly

welded on Sikaplan 20HL membrane, layout
acc. to separate shop drawing.

SikaFuko VT1
Protection screed 50mm

Waterproofing: Sikaplan 20HL,

2.00mm waterproofing membrane

Protection fleece: geotextile 350g/m²

Blinding concrete 100mm

Compacted subgrade

52 52 9-Jun-15 Durable Waterproofing Solutions from Basement to Roof

 Injection hose systems
An injection hose is no joint sealing by itself.
The injection hose is a tool to seal a construction
joint in a easy and safe way by injection.

Injection hose system =

injection hose + suitable injection material
Injection hose systems

Injection hose are functioning according

to the filling-principle

- No ingress of water
to the construction

- Sealing of adjacent
imperfections also possible
Injection hose systems
 Typical expansion joint detail at raft

Sikaflex PRO3WF Sika Waterbar type O

Sika Waterbar type DR directly welded both

edges on Sikaplan 20HL membrane.

Protection screed 50mm

Protection fleece 100g/m²

Waterproofing membrane

Protection fleece: geotextile 350g/m²

SikaFuko VT1
Blinding concrete 100mm
surface must be smooth

Compacted soil

56 56 9-Jun-15 Durable Waterproofing Solutions from Basement to Roof

Typical detail between raft and wall

Fixing disc

R.C. wall
Sika Injectoflex System, type HPM

Sika® Waterbar type AR,

heat welded on Sikaplan® 20HL

Waterproofing: Sikaplan® 20HL

waterproofing membrane
R.C. slab
Cushion layer:Geotextile
350g/m²
Protection screed 50mm
Blinding concrete 100mm

200 mm Angle fillet

Typical alternatives of flashing details

1.Flashing with Sika 2.Flashing with profiled 3.Flashing with profiled

Waterbar (type AR) metal sheet Sika-Trocal PVC-coated
metal sheet

15cm above 15cm above

ground ground

Protection
panel(i.e.concrete,mortar)
Protection layer:geotextile
approx.350g/m²
Waterproofing:Sikaplan
waterproofing membrane,hot air
welded at Sika Waterbar
Sika Waterbar(type AR)
Reinforced concrete
Protection
Protection panel(i.e.concrete,mortar)
panel(i.e.concrete,mortar) Protection layer:geotextile
Flashing:profiled metal sheet,fixed approx.350g/m²
with screws Waterproofing and
Protection layer:geotextile flashing:Sikaplan waterproofing
approx.350g/m² membrane,hot air welded at Sika-
Waterproofing:Sikaplan waterproofing Trocal PVC-coated metal profile
membrane Sika Backing Rope and Sikaflex
Sika Backing Rope and Sikaflex sealant
sealant Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete
Membrane Termination
Compression pile head detail
Sika Waterbar Sikadur 42 PC

Sikaplan WP
Sikacrete 114
Tension pile head detail
Sika® WT Tape (TPO) and Sika Dilatec Tape
(PVC-P)

Sika Waterstops AR (TPO or PVC-P)

Waterproofing detail at dewatering well sump

1.00 m

1.00 m
Accessories
Geotextile protection layers: PVC-P waterbars:

Polyester- or Polypropylene Plastified PVC waterbars, moulded to profiles,

non woven fabrics, width  200mm
needled or thermal cured
unit weight  500g/m2 for construction joints
with, or without facings with
PE-film for expansion joints

PVC-P injection flange: Prefab. steel elements:

Plastified PVC injection flange, Stainless steel, quality V2A, or

factory preformed V4A,
diameter approx. 200mm or galvanized steel for pipe
length approx 200mm penetrations,
anchorings and linear fixings
 QC TEST’s OF PVC
MEMBRANE WELDING
 QUALITY CONTROL
Annex 1
Quality control of Sika-Trocal waterproofing works: MATERIAL SUPPLY TO SITE
Project:................................................ Main contractor:................................... Membrane installer:
............................................................. Sub contractor:.....................................
Material supply to site Approval of supplied material Stock control on site:
Date of Supplied Supplied Correct Quantity Product Delivery in Delivery from Product on stock
delivery product quantity product complies with complies with stock stock
delivered delivery docs. specification
yes no yes no yes no quantity date quantity date quantity sign./date

01/99STI QC01.doc
 QUALITY CONTROL
Annex 2
Quality control of Sika-Trocal waterproofing works: Inspection of substrate
Project:................................................ Main contractor:................................... Membrane installer: ................................
............................................................. Sub contractor:.................................... ...................................................................
Part / Lot: ........................................... Kind of substrate Condition of substrate
Inspection Weather Surface of Remarks Substrate Measurements Signatures
conditions, air substrate complies to for

Plastering
Brickwork
Shotcrete
Concrete
temperature conditions: dry, requirement refurbishment

Others
Gunite
Mortar
clean, humid, and cleaning

Wood
Date Time yes no Resisdent Membr.

Steel
wet, ponding engineer installer
water, ice

01/99STI QC02.doc
 QUALITY CONTROL
Annex 3
Quality control of Sika-Trocal waterproofing works: WORK REPORT
Project:................................................ Begin of works:.............................................. Membrane installer:..............................................
............................................................. Completion of works:..................................... Name of responsible supervisor:..........................
Part / project-lot:................................ Install. area: Kind and type of applied product
Installation Climate Substrate Slabs, walls, Protect. Waterpr. Protect. Sliding Compart Control- Others Remarks
works conditions: conditions: dry, penetrations, layer layer layer layer ment: and i.e.
(air temp. humid. wet, clean, niches, alcoves, injection- fixings
Date Hours weather) ponding water etc. pipe

01/99STI QC03.doc
 QUALITY CONTROL
Annex 4
Quality control of Sika-Trocal waterproofing works: EXTERNAL WORK REPORT
Project:................................................ Begin of works:.............................................. Contractor:............................................................
............................................................. Completion of works:..................................... Name of responsible side engineer:.....................
Part / project-lot:................................ Area of installed waterproofing: Remarks: Signature
of side-
engineer
Installation Names of Substrate Membrane quality of slabs, walls, Quality of welded
works membrane conditions: dry, penetrations, niches, alcoves, etc. seams:
installer team wet, clean,
Date Hours ponding water

01/99STI QC04.doc
Thermal welding of membranes with hot air
welding machine
(TRIAC PID / TRIAC S)

400°C

a
Thermal welding of membranes with hot air
welding machine

pressure Parameters:
roller -temperature
-pressure
hot air -welding-speed

preheating surface hard welded

melting substrate
Welding test
Testing of welded seams

Visual testing of watertightness of welded seam

Testing tool: screw driver, size 2

a = 30-45

a
Testing of welded seams
Vacuum testing of watertightness of welded seams

-Vacuum bell
-Vacuum pump
-Vacuum -0.8 bar for 10
minutes with closed
pump
-Soap solution
 Double wedge welding machine
(Leister Twinny S/T)
³30 mm

Welding speed:
approx. 2 m/min.*

Welding temperature:
400°C - 450°C*
* welding test with specimen is required
Section view of a combi-wedge welding machine
Air Pressure Test For Double Seam Weld
Welding of Waterbar AR type on installed membrane
for compartments (Leister Triac Drive)
Quality control of completed waterproofing works
WELDING WELDING TECHNIQUE QUALITY CONTROL
METHOD OF WELDED SEAMS
SINGLE SEAM Manual welding -visual (search for capillaries and voids)
-visual with screw driver
-visual with vacuum bell
-tensile shear test of specimen
(membrane should fail beside the seam)
Automatic welding -visual (search for capillaries and voids)
-heat welding by hot air -visual with screw driver
-hot wedge -visual with vacuum bell
-tensile shear test of specimen
DOUBLE SEAM Automatic welding -visual (search for capillaries and voids)
-heat welding by hot air -tensile shear test of specimen
-hot wedge -compressed air in testing channel
(2 bar over 10 minutes:
pressure loss < 20%)

QC Video
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Application: Jewel of the Creek
Application: Dammam Underpass
Application: Dammam Underpass
Application: Dammam Underpass
Application: Khobar Underpass
Application: Khobar Underpass
Application: CMA Towers- Riyadh
Application: CMA Towers- Riyadh
Application: CMA Towers- Riyadh
Application: Galleria Mall- Jeddah
Application: Galleria Mall- Jeddah
Application: Galleria Mall- Jeddah
Application: Galleria Mall- Jeddah
Application: The University Hospital
Application: The Gate District Towers
Application: The Gate District Towers
Application: VCU Project - Doha
Application: Doha Convention Center
Application: Doha Convention Center
Application: Doha Convention Centre
Application: Doha Convention Center
Application: Doha Convention Centre
Application: Golden Mile
Project: The Business Village
The Business Village
Project: SHAMS ABU DHABI
Central Park / Dubai
Project: Emirates Financial Towers
Emirates Financial Towers
REFERENCE PROJECTS
 Reference projects in the GCC

Year Project Product Quantity Applicator/

country
2010 CMA Tower Sikaplan WP1100- 20,000m2 BMC, KSA
20HL

2010 Mekkah - Tunnel Sikaplan WP1100- 50,000m2 BMC, KSA

20HL
2010 Omar Bin Al Khatab Tunnel - Dammam Sikaplan WP1100- 55,000m2 ABSAR, KSA
20HL
2010 Galleria Mall -Jeddah Sikaplan WP1100- 30,000m2 BMC, KSA
20HL

2010 Al- Jasra & Al-Baraha Towers Sikaplan WP1100- 25,000m2 BMC, Qatar
20HL2

2010 WCMCQ Tunnel – Sidra Medical and Sikaplan WP1100- 15,000m2 CRE-TEC, Qatar
Research Center 20HL
2010 Lusail Transit System LRT Sikaplan WP1100- 170,000m2 BMC, Qatar
22HL
2010 Barwa Financial District Sikaplan WP1100- 80,000m2 BMC, Qatar
20HL2
 Reference projects in the GCC

Year Project Product Quantity Applicator/

country
2006 Basement Doha Bank Headquarter Sikaplan 14.6 11,000m2 CRE-TEC, Qatar
Bldg. Qatar

2006 Hafr El Baten WTB, KSA Sikaplan 9.6 15,000m2 MBM, KSA

2006 Basement Khubar Villas, Khubar,KSA Sikaplan 9.6 2,000m2 BMC, KSA
2008 Capital Tower,Basement waterproofing, Sikaplan WP1100- 12,000m2 MAK, Kuwait
Kuwait 20HL

2008 Jeddah, Tower, Basement Sikaplan WP1100- 14,000m2 CRE-TEC,KSA

waterproofing, KSA 15HL

2008 Sitra Underpass, Sitra, Bahrain Sikaplan WP1100- 11,000m2 Honesty, Bahrain
20HL
2009 VCU Sikaplan WP1100- 5,000m2 BMC, Qatar
20HL
2009 Doha Convention Center & Tower Sikaplan WP1100- 150,000m2 BMC, Qatar
20HL2
 Reference projects in the GCC

Project Contractor Consultant Quantity Location

Al Saqran Tower Omran Gulf Dimensions 12,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Hotel Residential
Al Habtoor Engineering Bainona 45,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Complex
West Wharf CCC RMJM 5,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Dubai Business Park ASCON Kling 30,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

District Cooling Plant Saqer Contracting Arif & Bin Toak 7,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

The Arbift Tower CRC Hegazy 5,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Res. Bldg. at Al Barsha Al Shafar General Lacasa 7,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Contracting
Rixos Ottoman Palace Al Shafar Transport Shadid 33,000 m 2 Palm Island – Dubai

The Dome Tower CRC Dimension 8,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

The Platinum Tower Al Shafar Transport DAR Consultant 5,500 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Reem Island SPK Tamouh 35,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

Development
Wind Tower 1/2 Sakr Artec 5,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Bay Square Al Shafar General Khatib & Alami 65,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Contracting
 Reference projects in the GCC

Project Contractor Consultant Quantity Location

Dubai Land Residence Al Shafar General Lacasa 5,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Contracting
Emirates Financial TAV Al Gurg 16,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Towers
Central Park Arabtec Turner / Hyder 50,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Shams Abu Dhabi ACC Hyder 70,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

23 Marina DCE KEO 10,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

The Business Village Belhasa Engineering WSP 25,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

One @ Business Bay Emirates Belbadi Kling 10,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

The Bay Gate Al Nekhrah Contracting Witby and Bird 18,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Residential Bld. Juma Al Sweidi Al Hashemi 8,000 m 2 Dubai – UAE

Golden Mile 1/2 Al Shafar General LC/DSA 100,000 m 2 Palm Island – Dubai
Contracting
Majestic Tower TAV CAB 5,000 m 2 Sharjah – UAE

Wadi Madiq Tunnel Besix Halcrow 5,000 m 2 Fujairah – UAE

Mazaya Center Energoproject Artec 20,000 m 2 Dubai – UAE

Zayed Sport City Tunnel Mabani Parsons 20,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE
 Reference projects in the UAE

Project Contractor Consultant Quantity Location

Shining Towers Target James Cubitt 15,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

Danet Abu Dhabi Saif Bin Darwish Ewan 8,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

Tasameem Project CRC NEB 25,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Gate District Towers ACC Khatib & Alami 150,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

ISTPI Project Al Kharafi National ILF Consultant 3,500 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

Al Qudra Headquarter Q Construct 5,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

Masdar University Al Ahmadiah CH2M 4,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

Ghobbash Offices Belhasa Contracting Badri & Bin Souda 7,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Rihan Heights Silver Coast / Sunway ARKAN 55,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE

Rasis Business Centre Laing O’Rourke Archgroup 6,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Belhasa Building Belhasa Contracting Holford Associates 8,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Bu Shaker Building Bu Shaker City Consult 7,500 m 2 Dubai − UAE

 Reference projects in the UAE

Project Contractor Consultant Quantity Location

Golden Mile 3 Cliff Creek Builder’s WSP 7,000 m 2 Palm Island-Dubai
Hotel Tower Al Habbai Archgroup 12,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
VVIP Tunnel Setiakon TAK 15,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Silverene Tower Arabtec RMJM 15,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Reem Island
IJM Tamouh 40,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Development

65,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Al Turath Souq Ascon WSP

Al Shafar General Al Shafar General

Arenco 9,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Head Office Contracting

3B+G+44 Commercial
Al Shafar National Arkiplan 16,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Tower

Dubawi Island Resort Laing O’Rourke GHD 11,000 m 2 Palm Island – Dubai

Barsha Boutique Offices Pivot ZAS 6,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE

Mixed Use
Saif Bin Darwish Al Burj 40,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Development
Hospital University Laing O’Rourke GHD 45,000 m 2 Dubai − UAE
Meena Plaza Zelan Tamouh 40,000 m 2 Abu Dhabi – UAE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION